International Journal of Agricultural Sciences

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 9 (7), pp. 001-008, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A review of the cultural heritage of Anatolian civilizations for the purpose of nature conservation

Kenan Ok and Taner Okan*

Department of Forestry Economics, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, Bahçeköy, Istanbul, Turkey.

Accepted 13 May, 2019

Abstract

This study focused on opportunities in cultural heritage related to the promotion of nature protection. People currently living in Anatolia are the inheritors of the many civilizations that lived there before them, traces and effects of these former civilizations may be observed in the present Turkish society. Turkey’s long history and rich cultural heritage cause conflicts and generate opportunities for present conservation activities related to natural and cultural values. Some places or trees in forests are accepted as holy, so no one desires to destroy them. Because traditional medicine uses plants from the forest, people are more sensitive to conserving them. In addition, places, monuments and festivals of cultural heritage can also represent opportunities for nature conservation planning. For this reason, opportunities hidden in places, monuments and festivals were sought in this study through searching the literature. Another dimension of this paper deals with traditional construction in the Anatolian culture. Protection of ancient buildings means the protection of knowledge. These opportunities discovered from Anatolian cultural heritage can be used to promote the option, bequest and existing values of natural resources. Explaining the theoretical context of natural values is simplified by giving examples from cultural values.

Key words: Anatolian civilizations, conservation, cultural values, natural values, traditional knowledge.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 9 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A community-based management model for the implementation sustainable development in rural areas of Iran

Loghman Rashidpour¹, Seyed Jamal Farajallah Hosseini², Mohammad Chizari³ and Seyed Mahdi Mirdamadi⁴

¹Department of Agricultural Management, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Branch, Mahabad, Iran.

^2,4Department of Agricultural development, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.

³Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 21 April, 2019

Abstract

Community-based management is basically the involvement of the beneficiary communities in the management of sustainable rural development facilities. Community based management will become the pivotal instruments responsible for managing community development, which include the assessment of community/demands as well as the potential planning and implementing development programs. In this study, survey and descriptive-correlation research methods, were used to design the pattern of community-based management and its application for sustainable rural development process in Iran rural areas. Study population consisted of 270, local community (rural councils), offices experts in rural related office activities and, Agricultural and Natural Resources Engineering Organization - NGO members. Conclusions of structural equation modeling of the accepted characteristics indicated that latent variable such as “Stakeholder’s Role” and “Affecting Factors” have positive effect and “Obstacles” latent variable has a negative role to design CBM. A structural equation indicate that these variables altogether account for 93% of variance (R2 = 0.93) in designing community-based manage-ment. Overall community-based management will have more impotent role in rural developments process planning, organizing, staffing, controlling and directing.

Key words: Community-based management, sustainable rural development, stakeholders, affecting factors, obstacles, structural equation modeling.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 9 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Crossability of selected progeny from interspecific crosses between Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima (NERICAs)

S. O. Abebrese¹*, R. Akromah¹ and P. K. A. Dartey²

¹Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

²Crops Research Institute, P. O. Box 3785, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana.

Accepted 16 April, 2019

Abstract

Some selected first and second generation upland NERICAs (New Rice for Africa, genetic interspecific materials derived from successful crossing of the two cultivated rice species Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) were intercrossed to find out their level of cross-compatibility and the extent of sterility in the NERICAs. All hybrids were partially sterile and showed significant differences in their seed set (0.6 to 33.09%). The direction of crossing partly affected crossability in the NERICAs. Hybrids from crosses that maintained O. glaberrima cytoplasm, showed significantly higher (p 0.05) seed fertility than those that maintained O. sativa cytoplasm. Pollen fertility tests indicated reduced pollen viability in the hybrids. Seed set was improved (up to 65%) when hybrids were backcrossed to either parent. Cytoplasmic factors probably affected the degree of sterility in the NERICAs. Within the selected NERICAs improvement could therefore be possible through conventional crosses and best through backcross breeding.

Key words: Crossability, interspecific crosses, NERICA, hybrid sterility.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 9 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Biological suppression of black pod lesion development on detached cocoa pods

S. L. Koranteng and R. T. Awuah*

Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana.

Accepted 13 April, 2019

Abstract

The study sought to suppress black pod lesion development on detached cocoa pods using yam rhizobacteria. Eight yam rhizobacterial isolates were initially screened on agar plates with the zone of inhibition technique against Phytophthora palmivora, causal agent of black pod disease of cocoa. All eight bacteria were antagonistic to P. palmivora, so one of the most promising isolates (isolate ESI) was further evaluated for black pod lesion suppression on detached cocoa pods. Areas on cocoa pods were treated with 50 l Nutrient Broth (NB) cultures of ESI. The treated pod areas (0.8 cm² approximately), on partial drying (10 min after applying the ESI culture broth), were inoculated with 10 l zoospore suspensions of P. palmivora. Kocide 101, NB and cell- free culture filtrate of ESI were similarly used as protectants. Stability of the ESI-NB culture on cocoa pods during a 72 h period was also assessed. Black pod lesions developed on all pods inoculated with P. palmivora without prior treatment with ESI, its filtrate and Kocide 101. No lesions developed when the ESI-NB culture, ESI cell- free culture filtrate and Kocide 101 were used as protectants. Generally, the ESI-NB culture was stable as a protectant during the 72 h test period. The rhizobacterium was frequently recovered from inoculation points on pods treated with its NB culture, suggesting persistence of the bacterium on detached cocoa pods. These results show that the ESI-NB culture and its filtrate can be exploited as biofungicides for use against black pod disease of cocoa.

Key words: Phytophthora palmivora, yam rhizobacterium, black pod disease of cocoa, biofungicide.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 9 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The potential of four mite species (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as predators of sucking pests on protected cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) crop

Muhammad Sarwar^{1, 2}*, Xu Xuenong², Wang Endong² and Wu Kongming²

¹Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Tandojam-70060, Sindh, Pakistan.

²Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing-100094, China.

Accepted 23 March, 2019

Abstract

Protected crop experiments were conducted to study the suitability and efficacy of Phytoseiid mite species as predators of western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) and greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under greenhouse conditions. In this study, predatory mites Neoseiulus pseudolongispinosus Euseius castaneae Euseius utilis and Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans) (Phytosiidae) were investigated for their potential as biological control agents in treated along with untreated check. The current findings to judge the biocontrol potential of predators showed that laboratory bred adults and nymph instars of all predators efficiently preyed upon sucking arthropods and pests populations were drastically reduced in treated plants than in untreated control where their intensities were numerous. Among all predators, N. pseudolongispinosus was the most proficient and steadfast predator in controlling thrips and whitefly populations, contrary to E. finlandicus that proved better in reducing spider mite density in treated crop. The current findings indicated the potential of Phytoseiid predators for their augmentative releases to give best control of sucking pests in protected cucumber plants.

Keywords: Biological control, predaceous mite, greenhouse, cucumber, phytoseiidae.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 9 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Field evaluation of selected NERICA rice cultivars in Western Kenya

E. A. Atera^1,2*, J. C. Onyango³, T. Azuma¹, S. Asanuma⁴ and K. Itoh¹

¹Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan.

²Department of Engineering and Technical Services, Lake Basin Development Authority, 1516 - 40100, Kisumu, Kenya.

³Faculty of Science, Maseno University, Kenya.

⁴International Cooperation Center for Agricultural Education, Nagoya University, Japan.

Accepted 21 March, 2019

Abstract

Food shortage is a major problem in sub-Saharan Africa as population increases. NERICA (New Rice for Africa), the high yielding rice cultivars with short growth cycle were developed to solve the food crisis. The progeny has shown high potential to revolutionize rice farming, producing high yield with minimum inputs in stress-afflicted ecologies. However, information on their performance in Kenya has not been documented. A study was conducted in a field located at Alupe farm of Lake Basin Development Authority (LBDA), in Western Kenya for a period of three years (2005 - 2007). Four NERICA rice cultivars (NERICA 1, NERICA 4, NERICA 10, and NERICA 11) and a local landrace “Dourado precoce” were planted in a completely randomized block design. Result showed that NERICA 10 attained physiological maturity most quickly [97 days after seeding (DAS)] followed by NERICA 1 (102 DAS) . Dourado precoce took a much longer time to mature (116 DAS) than the other cultivars. On grain yield, NERICA 1 (4.1 ton ha^-1) produced the highest while Dourado precoce (2.5 ton ha^-1) gave the least in 2006. NERICA 10 (2.7 ton ha^-1) however, produced the lowest grain yield in the same period among the NERICAs. NERICA 1, the most outstanding cultivar gave the highest yield (4.3 ton ha^-1) in 2005 and yielded more than 4.0 ton ha^-1 in the other seasons.

Key words: NERICA, upland rice, yield, moisture stress, Kenya.