International Journal of Agricultural Sciences

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 5 (4), pp. 682-684, June, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

WAB-450: A worthy donor of earliness and productivity traits for rice breeding programme under rainfed upland ecosystem

Jamsetji Sidharth Johar

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This study focused on evaluation of introgressed population for earliness in flowering and productivity under rainfed upland rice ecosystem. The population was derived from inter-varietal cross between early maturing Africa upland land rice WAB-450, an inter-specific derivative as donor and SWARNA, a mega rice variety from India, as recurrent parent. One hundred and eighty eight (188) backcross inbred lines (BILs) with the two parents were evaluated during KHARIF 2011 at Mugad Agricultural Research Station (ARS), University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad. The BILs showed significant improvement over SWARNA for earliness in flowering and productivity under natural rainfed condition. The frequency distribution of days to 50% flowering observed in this study showed continuous variation. The distribution was normal indicating inheritance of a quantitative trait and influence of WAB-450 genome contribution in one backcross in the expression of this trait. The BILs which flower between 90 and 100 days and mature around 120 to 135 days with high yield coupled with other desired traits such as grain quality have been identified for upland rice ecosystem.

Key words: Backcross inbred lines, WAB-450, population, flowering.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 5 (3), pp. 533-535, May, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study on the response of varied sowing dates on the yield and yield components of direct seeded fine rice (Oryza sativa L.)

*Imram V. Akram, Shoaib B. B, Abdul H. Kkan and Mohammed L. Malik

Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: Akram.imran@ uok.edu.pk

Abstract 

The research was conducted to study the response of yield and yield components of direct seeded fine rice (Oryza sativa L.) to different sowing dates during 2008 at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications having net plot size of 4 x 3 m. Experiment comprised of six different sowing dates that is 31st May, 10th June, 20th June, 30th June, 10th July and 20th July. Experiment was sown in 20 cm apart rows with single row hand drill using seed rate of 75 kgha^-1. Nitrogen and phosphorous were applied at the rate of 120 and 60 kgha^-1 respectively. Urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP) were used as sources of nitrogen and phosphorus respectively. Full dose of the phosphorous and half dose of the nitrogen were applied at sowing while the remaining half dose of nitrogen was applied in two equal splits, at 20-30 days and 45-55 days after sowing (DAS). Yield components like tillers per meter square, number of kernel per panicle and 1000-kernel showed significant response to different sowing dates. The crop sown on 20^th June (D₃) produced the maximum number of productive tillers per meter square (328.7), kernel per panicle (94.47). 1000-kernel weight (18.82 g) and paddy yield (4468 kgha^-1). The result showed that the direct seeding of super basmati on 20th June gave the best results in term of entire yield and yield components.

Key words: Direct seeding, fine rice, sowing dates, yield and yield components.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 5 (3), pp. 601-606, May, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) upgrading for semiarid and arid ecological unit: A study of environmental stability for yield

Narendra Tendulkar Tagore

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India. E-mail: prof.tangore2@ uohyd.ac.in

Abstract

Integrating yield and stability of genotypes tested in unpredictable environments is a common breeding objective. The importance of stability estimation has more values in perennial crops such as drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lamk), as it has occupied the area for many years. Drumstick is found both in annual and perennial forms, where the former type bears only edible pods and the latter produces both edible and non edible bitter pods. In India, the west and northern part has perennial types predominantly due to which the commercial cultivation of drumstick remain at poor level in this region. Hence, the main goal of the study is to identify a superior genotype for the rain fed areas among 14 genotypes. Stability analysis was assessed by yield stability statistic (yi), yield regression statistic (ri) and yield distance statistic (di). The analysis of variance revealed that the genotype were highly significant for all characters under the environment studied. However, number of flowers per plant showed non significance for environments in the study. G × E (Genotypic × Environment interaction), E+ (G × E) [Environment + (Genotype × Environment)] and E [Environment (Linear)] showed significant values for all the characters. Pooled deviation exhibited significance for number of fruits per plant and yield per plant. Among the genotypes studied, PKM-2, MO-1 and PKM-1 were found stable for number of fruits per plant and yield due to bi value around unity and non significant S2 di value. Hence, PKM-2 and MO-1 were found to fit for favorable environment and PKM-1 for unfavorable environment for commercial cultivation for semi arid region of India.

Key words: Annual drumstick, adaptation, genotypes, stability, yield.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 5 (3), pp. 568-574, May, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study on genotype by surroundings interfaces for grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Potiphar Demis Chachine

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

Email: pd.chachine89@ mans.edu.eg

Abstract

The combined ANOVA analysis for grain yield of ten wheat genotypes at 12 environments showed that bread wheat grain yield was significantly affected by environment, which explained 75.01% of the total treatment (genotype + environment + genotype by environment interactions) variation, whereas the G and GEI were significant and accounted for 9.48 and 15.5%, respectively. The additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) analysis indicated that three principal component analysis (PCA) were significant (P < 0.01). PCA 1, 2 and 3 accounted for 65.49, 17.10 and 10.11% of the genotype + environment (GE) interaction, respectively. Graphical display of genotype by environment interaction (GGE-biplot) based on genotype-focused scaling was depicted in order to detect the locations of genotypes, whereas the wheat genotypes were divided into four groups based on their scores of PCA 1 and 2: Three stable and high yielding genotypes (G2, 10 and 6), two unstable high yielding genotypes (G4 and 1), three stable low yielding genotypes (G5, 7 and 8) and two low yielding unstable genotypes (G9 and 3). The correlation coefficients among the twelve test environments and the vector view of the GGE-biplot provided a succinct summary of the interrelationship between the environments whereby only 38 of the 67 correlation coefficients were significant. All environments were positively correlated except the environment E5 which was negatively correlated with E9, 12 and 10. The G10 (Giza 168) is adaptable for a wide range of environment conditions.

Key words: Additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI), additive main effects and multiplicative interaction, bread wheat, genotype by environment interaction (GEI), genotype x environment interaction, principal component analysis (PCA).

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 5 (3), pp. 575-579, May, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Diversity of genetic Cymbidium kanran detected by Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) markers

Tsai Zhang Zetain

Department of Environment and Life Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Fifty-four Cymbidium kanran cultivars from China, Japan and South Korea were examined and analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) markers to determine their molecular diversity and relationships. In chloroplast (cp) PCR-RFLP analyses, genetic differences were revealed in 4 of 6 primer sets (66.67%) and 19 of 72 primer-enzyme combinations (26.38%), 116 polymorphic bands were detected. For mitochondrion (mt) PCR-RFLP markers, genetic differences were revealed in 2 of 8 primer sets (25%) and 55 polymorphic bands (53.49%) were detected with 7 restriction primer-enzyme combinations. According to the PCR-RFLP marker profiling data, all the cultivars were classified into four groups. The group 1 has included three subclusters that two of them were generally consistent with geography classification. Subcluster 1 and Subcluster 2 were mainly composed of Chinese cultivars. Comparably, Subcluster 3 was composed of two cultivars which originated from Japan separately. Group 2 comprised Huangchengzhiyue and Xiongnu originated from Japan. Group 3 was included in seven Chinese cultivars and five Japanese cultivars. Group 4 was composed of eight Chinese cultivars and four Japanese cultivars. Therefore, we demonstrated that the PCR-RFLP technique could provide a powerful tool for cultivar identification and establishment of genetic relationships of cultivars in cymbidium kanran.

Key words: Cymbidium kanran, chloroplast (cp) polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), mitochondrion (mt) PCR-RFLP.