International Journal of Enology and Viticulture

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 6 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Quantificational analysis of NPT-II protein from genetically modified Vitis vinifera L.

Seok Hyun Eom¹* and Bruce I. Reisch²

¹Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea.

²Horticultural Sciences, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 630 W. North St., Geneva, NY 14456, USA.

Accepted 12 May, 2019

Abstract

Widely distributed inhibitors in grapevine extracts make it difficult to improve analytical procedures for protein detection. In this study, acidity in grapevine extracts was one of the major factors inhibiting the detection of neomycin phosphotransferase II via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Leaf and berry extracts with low pH (3.0 – 4.0) strongly inhibited NPT-II detection, while root and xylem sap extracts (normally pH 5.5 to 7.0) allowed the successful detection of NPT-II. The other inhibitory effect against the detection was successfully solved by heat treatment to samples extracted. Boiling leaf extract prior to ELISA, in conjunction with pH adjustment (to 7.0) was essential to improve NPT-II detection, while with berry extracts only pH adjustment was required. In the basis of above results, NPT-II protein contents in transgenic grapevine tissues possessing a NPT-II gene were successfully measured. The results here may be useful to help in evaluation of the bio-safety whether the transgenic grapevines were released or contaminated on the grapevine cultivation area by NPT-II protein detection.

Key words: pH adjustment, polyphenol, protein detection, protein inhibitor, transgenic.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 6 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study on some efficient parameters in batch fermentation of ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevesiae SC1 extracted from fermented siahe sardasht pomace

Maziar Safaei Asli

R and D Department of Sarouneh Co. (Fruit Juice Processor Company), Urmia, Iran. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 17 March, 2019

Abstract

Siahe sardasht grape is famous variety of grape in Iran that is used for red grape juice concentrate. The pomace of this grape (as byproduct of fruit juice concentrate industry) is a favorable medium for growth of all type of yeasts. The ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevesiae SC1 extracted from fermented siahe sardasht grape pomace was studied in batch fermentation. The best ethanol production rates are observed at pH 4.5, temperature 32°C and sugar concentration equal to 100 g/L. According to the results, KH₂PO₄ is a better phosphorous source in comparison with K₂HPO₄, and (NH4)₂SO₄ is the best nitrogen source.

Key word: Ethanol, Saccharomyces cerevesiae, sardasht grape pomace.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 6 (6), pp. 001-008, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The expression of VFL and VvTFL1 genes in relation to the effects of gibberellins in different organs of “Xiangfei” grapevine

Anyan Yao¹, Yuyan Yang¹, Kang Liao², Lusheng Zhang¹ and Jianfang Hu¹*

¹Laboratory of Pomology Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.

²Laboratory of Pomology Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Wulumuqi 830052, P.R. China.

Accepted 19 April, 2019

Abstract

The effects of gibberellins (GAs) on plant growth and the expression of VFL and VvTFL1 genes in different organs of “Xiangfei” grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) were investigated. The endogenous GA content significantly increased in the apical bud, inflorescence and tendril after GA treatment of grapevine. The expression of the VFL gene was obviously reduced in the meristem of apical buds, tendrils with florets and small inflorescences after GA treatment, but VFL gene expression was clearly found during the middle and big inflorescence developmental stages. These results suggested that the exogenous GAs delayed floral development of grapevine by inhibiting VFL gene expression at the early stage of inflorescence development. VvTFL1 gene expression was detected in the meristem of apical bud and lateral bud, but not during the process of inflorescence development. After applying GAs on grapevine, VvTFL1 gene expression decreased in the apical bud. These results suggested that exogenous GA treatments might repress differentiation of the inflorescence meristem primordia by reducing VvTFL1 expression in the apical bud but have no effect on VvTFL1 expression during floral development.

Key words: Grapevine, VFL gene, VvTFL1 gene, gibberellins (GAs).

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 6 (6), pp. 001-004, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Total tannin content in distinct QUERCUS  ROBUR  L. galls

Urve Paaver, Vallo Matto* and Ain Raal

Department of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50441 Tartu, Estonia.

Accepted 12 March, 2019

Abstract

The total tannin contents of three different QUERCUS ROBUR L. galls collected from Estonia, three reference galls, and two plants were estimated. The dry common oak gall-apples tannin content was 47.2%; in brown shiny galls - 4.2%, and in grape galls - 3.4%; in Chinese galls - 89.1%, in Turkey galls - 81.4%, and in pistacia galls - 52.4%; in oak bark - 9.1%, and in common tormentil roots - 21.1%. The present study shows that the QUERCUS ROBUR common oak gall-apples but not brown shiny galls or grape galls may be used as raw material for production of tannin containing traditional remedies.

Key words: Cynipid galls, Quercus robur, common oak, tannins.