International Journal of Enology and Viticulture

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Trans-resveratrol as phenolic indicator of somatic embryogenesis induction in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cell suspensions

Kouakou Tanoh Hilaire^1,2*, Koné Mongomaké² , Koné Daouda³, Kouadio Yatty Justin², Amani N’guessan Georges⁴, Téguo Waffo Pierre¹, Décendit Alain¹ and Mérillon Jean-Michel¹

¹Laboratoire de Mycologie et Biotechnologie Végétale, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, GESVAB, EA 3675, Université de bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo-Saignat F-33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.

²Laboratoire de Biologie et d’Amélioration des Productions végétales, UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université d’Abobo-Adjamé, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire.

³Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, UFR Biosciences, Université de Cocody, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.

⁴Laboratoire de Technologie Alimentaire, UFR des Sciences et Technologie des Aliments, Université d’Abobo-Adjamé, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire.

Accepted 03 January, 2019

Abstract

Trans-resveratrol is a phytoalexin which was found in some grapes and in many other plants. This phenolic compound has gained much attention, as it was indicated to be associated with fungus and disease resistance. Also, it has been shown that phenols compounds could play an important role in somatic embryogenesis induction of various plants. In cotton, embryogenic structures take place in cell suspension cultures. The need of biochemical indicators for the early identification of cells capable to undergo embryogenic structures formation has always been a major concern of researchers. Trans-resveratrol was found only in embryogenic cell suspensions of Coker 312. This phenolic compound started at the first subculture (2.44 µg/g dw) and the maximum level was reached at the third subculture (7.2 µg/g dw) with an increase of nearly 295%. This study showed a correlation between trans-resveratrol synthesis in cotton cell and embryogenic structures induction. trans-resveratrol may be a phenolic indicator for is induction of cotton somatic embryogenesis.

Key words: Trans-resveratrol, suspension culture, embryogenic structures, cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-011, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Diet-related cancer and prevention using anticarcinogens

E. Olatunde Farombi

Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Corresponding author E- mail: [email protected], [email protected].

Accepted 22 November, 2019

Abstract

Compelling evidences indicate that dietary factors can contribute to human cancer risk and as such many of the cancers common in the third world countries and the western world, including liver, colon, prostate and breast cancers have been related to dietary behaviors. Dietary carcinogens identified to date include the mycotoxins, heterocyclic amines formed from heat treatment of meat, N-nitroso compounds and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It has been recognized that diet-related cancers occur through an imbalance of carcinogenesis and anticarcinogenesis. Dietary anticarcinogens may therefore provide a means of retarding, suppressing or reversing the multi-stage carcinogenesis. An avalanche of dietary and plant-derived compounds has been reported to possess anticarcinogenic activities. Most of these agents possess intrinsic antioxidant, radical trapping and anti-inflammatory properties, which appear to contribute to their chemo preventive properties. Resveratrol, a phytoalexin, present in grapes, berries and peanuts and Curcumin the natural yellow pigment in turmeric isolated from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa elicit striking inhibitory effects on diverse cellular events associated with the process of carcinogenesis. Lycopene, a carotenoid present in tomatoes is a powerful quencher of singlet oxygen. Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that lycopene consumption and tomato products contribute to prostate cancer risk reduction. Kolaviron, a natural biflavonoid antioxidant obtained from the seeds of Garcinia kola has been extensively investigated for it hepatoprotective, radical scavenging and antigenotoxic properties in vitro and in vivo. Each of these anticarcinogens alone or in combination could provide a sustainable chemopreventive intervention that might be useful in retarding the progress of cancer in different populations of the world.

Key words: Carcinogens, anticarcinogens, Mycotoxins, heterocyclic amines, nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Resveratrol, Lycopene, Curcumin, Kolaviron.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Seasonality of the mycoflora of the crown disease complex of the vegetative organs of the grapevine Vitis vinifera cvar Anap-e-Shahe

Uyovbisere, E.¹*, Alabi, O.², Akpa, A. D.², Chindo, P. S.²

¹Crop and forestry programme, National Agricultural Extention and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Kaduna State, Nigeria.

²Department of Crop Protection, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Accepted 17 October, 2019

Abstract

The mycoflora associated with lesions on the vegetative organs of Anap-e- Shahe cultivar of grapevine in Zaria were monitored for 3 years. The symptoms varied with the seasons but were the same over the years studied. The mycoflora detected on the lesions were consistent with the symptoms. Except for pruning interruptions, Epicoccum sp., Penicillum sp., Aspergillus sp. and Curvularia sp. was regularly detected on lesions of all growth seasons. Alternaria sp., Drechslera sp. and Pestalotiopsis aff. uvicola occurred only on lesions of the rainy season growths. Phoma aff. multirostrata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phomopsis sp. and Phoma sp. were the dominant group on lesions of rainy season growth and were detected from the beginning of the rains in May until the close of the rains in October, which corresponded with the prevailing period of anthracnose, tip die back, commencement of canker development and blight. The occurrence of Plasmopara viticola commenced during the downy mildew epiphytotic late in July or early August, a time which corresponded with high relative humidity and a drop in maximum temperature at the peak of the rains. P. viticola and Curvularia sp. with other regularly occurring fungi detected from the late rainy season persisted into the dry season. The seasonal variability in the mycoflora of the crown disease complex of grapevine provided information which could be exploited in disease diagnosis and management.

Key words: Mycoflora, Anap-e-Shahe, viticulture, disease epidemiology.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Compositional differences in the phenolics compounds of muscadine and bunch grape wines 

Sheikh M. Basha*, Mitwe Musingo and Violeta S. Colova

Plant BiotechnologyCenter for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research Florida A&M University Tallahassee, FL 32307

Accepted 15 September, 2019

Abstract

Wines contain a large array of phenolic compounds, belonging to non-flavonoids, flavonoids and phenolic-protein-polysaccharide complexes. Phenolics in wine are responsible for wine color, astringency, and bitterness. This study evaluates phenolic composition of commercial and experimental wines derived from bunch (Vitis vinifera) and muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) grapes to determine compositional differences in phenolics. HPLC analysis of wines showed that majority of phenolic compounds eluted during the first 30 min. Of the red wines tested, Château Cabrieres Chateauneuf de Pape (Rhone) showed the simplest phenolics profile while Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera-California) showed the most complex profile. The phenolics composition of red and white wines varied greatly. Some white wines from bunch grape were devoid of any phenolics. Among muscadine white wines, some contained large number of phenolic compounds while the others showed smaller number of phenolic compounds. These data suggested that both the red and white wines contained a complex mixture of phenolic compounds whose content and composition varied by brand suggesting that the wine processing technique greatly influences phenolics composition of wines than color of the wine. Muscadine red wines were quite distinct than that of the bunch grapes, indicating that grape chemistry has a greater influence on wine phenolic composition.

Key words: Grape, HPLC, phenolics, red and white wines.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Unfruitfulness in fruit crops: Causes and remedies

Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani¹, M. Y. Bhat¹, Abid Ali Lone²* and Mohd. Younis Mir²

¹Department of Pomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar 191121, India.

²Department of Post Harvest technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar 191121, India.

Accepted 28 December, 2019

Abstract

Unfruitfulness is a major problem in many fruit crops and their varieties result in huge loss to growers and make fruit cultivation less profitable. Unfruitfulness in fruit crops refers to the state where the plant is not capable of flowering and bearing fruit. However, the causes of unfruitfulness can be broadly grouped into two categories: Internal and external factors. Among the internal factors, dichogamy prevents self pollination in perfect as well as monoecious flowers. The occurrence of flowers with variable style length (heterostyly) is common in Prunus fruits. The proportion of aborted pollen grains varied from 22.5 to 48.0% in cashewnut. In apricot cv. ‘Trevatt Blue’, multiple ovules and anthers with degenerated microspores resulted in both female and male sterility and in ‘Tokaloglu’, the reason for unfruitfulness is self incompatibility (Gulcan and Askin, 1991). External factors, like temperature that is above 32°C, result in desiccation of stigmatic surface and more rapid deterioration of embryo sac occurrence. For high productivity in delicious apple plant diploid, self-fruitful and compatible varieties ensure cross pollination. Sequential introduction of honeybee increases fruit set and yield of ‘Spadona’ pear by about 50 to 80%. Foliar application of boron at a concentration of 200 mgl^-1 increases pollen germination rate and tube growth in pear.

Key words: Unfruitfulness, fruit crops, internal factors, external factors.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

IN VITRO  explants regeneration of the grape ‘Wink’ (VITIS  VINIFERA  L. ‘Wink’)

Ping Zhang, Zhi-Ying Yu, Zong-Ming Cheng, Zhen Zhang and Jian-Min Tao*

College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.

Accepted 12 September, 2019

Abstract

The effects of different hormones and their concentration combinations, different explant types, dark periods, on the regeneration of the grape ‘Wink’ was investigated using IN VITRO leaves, petioles, internodes and radicles. The results showed that of all the media prepared, the explants on following media produced the highest regeneration rate: 78.74±1.60% of the leave explants on the medium prepared with MS+18.20 µM, TDZ+0.49 µM IBA regenerated with a mean of 6.75±0.75 shoots per explant; 39.33±1.47% of the petioles on the medium prepared with MS+9.10 µM TDZ+0.49 µM IBA regenerated with a mean of 3.55±0.50 shoots per explant and 41.37±1.13% of internodes on the same medium regenerated with a mean of 4.74±0.64. However, radicles did not generate on any of the media. TDZ enhanced regeneration rate of leaves better than BA. From 0 week to 4 weeks in dark, leave explants displayed a higher rate of regeneration for 2 or 3 weeks. Adventitious shoots were rooted on 3/4 MS+1.73 µM IBA medium, and the rooted plantlets survived after acclimatization and they were transplanted to the greenhouse.

Key words: Grape, explants, regeneration, hormones, adventitious shoots.