International Journal of Enology and Viticulture

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Biocidal activity of citrus peel essential oils against some food spoilage bacteria

Shabnam Javed¹, Amna Javaid¹*, Zaid Mahmood², Arshad Javaid¹ and Fouzia Nasim¹

¹Institute of Agriculture, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e- Azam Campus, Lahore-54590, Pakistan.

²Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e- Azam Campus, Lahore-54590, Pakistan.

Accepted 17 May, 2019

Abstract

Antibacterial activity of peel essential oils of various Pakistani Citrus species viz. fewtrell’s early [Citrus reticulata (L.) var. Tangerine], orange [C. reticulata (L.) var. Mandarin], mousami [Citrus sinensis (L.) var. Mousami], malta [C. sinensis (L.) var. Malta], grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) and Eureka lemon (Citrus limon L.) were evaluated against food-borne bacteria namely Escherchia coli, Salmonella typhii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Proteus myxofaciens, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus sp. The peel essential oil yield of the C. reticulata var. Mandarin, C. reticulata var. Tangerine, C. sinensis var. Malta, C. sinensis var. Mousami, C. limon and C. paradisi were 0.32, 0.24, 0.22, 1.21, 0.05 and 0.21%, respectively. The disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the inhibition zones of bacterial growth at two concentrations (5 and 10 ul) of the oil and results were compared with cefipime, a commercial antibacterial agent. Essential oils of C. reticulata var. Mandarin showed highest antibacterial activity followed by essential oils of C. lemon. Essential oils of C. paradise and C. sinensis var. malta exhibited least antibacterial activity. Among the various bacterial species, S. typhii and P. myxofaciens were found most susceptible to various Citrus peel essential oils. Present study concludes that essential oils of C. reticulate var. Mandarin have a broad spectrum antibacterial activity against food spoilage bacteria.

Key words: Antibacterial, Citrus spp, essential oils, food spoilage bacteria.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-002, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Determination of total phenolic amount of some edible fruits and vegetables

P. O. Oviasogie¹, D. Okoro²* and C. L. Ndiokwere³

¹Chemistry Division, Nigeria Institute for Oil Palm research, P. M. B. 1030, Benin City, Nigeria.

²Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, P. M. B. 1221, Effurun, Nigeria.

³Department of Chemistry, University of Benin City, P. M. B. 1154, Nigeria.

Accepted 13 February, 2020

Abstract

Total phenolic content of some fruits and vegetables namely; garden egg (Allium sativvum L.), ducanut (Irvingia wombolu), lemon (Citrus limonia), garden egg (Solanum melongena), grape (Citrus paradise) and carrot (Daucus carota L.) purchased from an open market in Benin City, Nigeria were determined. The results obtained showed that ducanut had the highest amount of total phenolics (98.77 µg/g), gallic acid equivalent (GAE), while the lowest amount determined (5.75 µg/g) GAE was in the grape fruit. These values were generally lower than similar studies conducted elsewhere.

Key words: Total phenolic, acid equivalent, free radicals, cultivars.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Optimum timing for commercializing grapefruit based on fruit internal quality and weight

Jesus Martinez de la Cerda¹*, Adriana Gutierrez Diez¹, Juan C. Rodríguez Ortiz² and Eduardo A. Garcia Zambrano¹

¹Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León. Carr. Zuazua-Marin km. 17.5, Marin, N.L. Mexico.

²Facultad of Agronomy, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

Accepted 25 May, 2019

Abstract

This study was conducted during the 2004 - 2005 production year on an 8 year grapefruit (Citrus paradasi Macf.) grove in the locality of “Las Anacuas” of the municipality of general Teran, N. L. Mexico. The objective of the study was to obtain elements based on fruit weight, internal and external quality of grapefruit and its interaction with prices, so that producers can determine the best time to sell their fruit. Results indicated that the best time for harvest, based on fruit weight was in April. It was also determined that if grapefruit is sold in November, producers lose 28% of the yield compared with April, because of the difference in fruit weight. After May, fruit begin to lose weight and internal and external quality deteriorates. With the information obtained, producers can select the optimum time to commercialize their grapefruit. Regarding internal fruit quality for fresh market, grapefruit reaches good quality by November.

Key words: Citrus paradasi, grapefruit, fruit, weight, yield.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Cloning and functional characterization of a class III chitinase gene from grapevine: Inhibition of fungal growth by recombinant VvChiF III

S.A. Salami¹*, A. Ebadi¹, M.R. Naghavi² and I.B. Dry³

¹Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences and Plant Protection, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

²Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587, Iran.

³CSIRO Plant Industry, PO Box 350, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia.

Accepted 20 October, 2019

Abstract

To characterize the structure and function of chitinase genes, a class III chitinase gene (VvChiF III) was isolated from Vitis vinifera cv. Flame seedless. The VvChiF III open reading frame comprised 894 nucleotides with no introns and encoded a protein of 297 amino acids. The amino acid sequence encoded by VvChiF III showed a high identity to that of a class III chitinase isolated from V. vinifera cv. Koshu and to other acidic chitinase. Analysis of the VvChiF III amino acid sequence showed that this gene corresponds to the Glyco-hydro-18 super family that consisting of a signal peptide with the length of 25 amino acids. Purified VvChiF III showed chitinase activity toward the soluble substrate, glycolchitin and antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea.

Key words: Vitis, chitinase genes, recombinant protein, antifungal activity, SNPs.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Lack of modulatory effect of asparagus, tomato, and grape juice on cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity in mice

Asita Okorie Asita*, Mann E. Dingann and Sibusisiwe Magama

Department of Biology, National University of Lesotho, P.O. Roma 180 Maseru, Lesotho, South Africa.

Accepted 18 August, 2019

Abstract

Studies on agents that modulate carcinogen-induced genotoxic effects in experimental animals are used to assess the antimutagenic or anticarcinogenic properties of putative chemopreventive compounds. We investigated the potency of asparagus-, tomato- and red grape-juice to modify the proportion of polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) and frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in male NIH mice. Groups of five mice were given the fruit juices (25, 50 or 100%) respectively, ad libitum, for 44 days then intraperitoneally (ip) injected with 40 mg/kg CP and killed 24 h later for cytological preparations and analysis. The control group animals were injected with CP (positive) or purified water (negative). Each group mean of the proportion of PCE and frequency of MNPCE was compared with the negative and positive control using the Mann-Whitney test. No statistically significant difference was found between the proportion of PCE in any experimental group and the negative control (P<0.05), suggesting that CP treatment alone or CP following pre-treatment with any of the plant juice did not induce erythropoietic cell toxicity. Also, pre-treatment with the plant juices did not modify the frequency of CP-induced MNPCE in this mouse strain using the present route of administration and treatment regime.

Key words: Asparagus, tomato, grape, micronucleus, cyclophosphamide, ant-mutagenicity.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Vigour and behaviour of fifteen citrus varieties against tristeza in the forest zone of Cameroon

Ndongo Bekolo*, Ambang Zachée, Belibi Messanga Louis, Ngodo Melingui Jean Baptiste and Ongono Yvette

Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Accepted 19 April, 2019

Abstract

Fifteen varieties or combinations of citrus (lime, grapefruit, lemons, oranges, mandarin and hybrids) were characterized in the forest zone of Cameroon. Characterization was carried out based on the behaviour of these citrus varieties against citrus tristeza virus (CTV). Foliar and cortical symptoms were evaluated. Six years old plants did not show any immune reaction against the disease. Unusual mild symptoms were observed in varieties normally tolerant to the disease, which constitute an indicator of the presence of a virulent viral complex. Satsuma mandarin, Lisbon lemon, Eureka lemon and in some aspects Tahiti lime showed a satisfactory behaviour for their vigour and reaction against CTV.

Key words: Tristeza, citrus, symptom, vigour.