International Journal of Enology and Viticulture

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 2756-3685 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Investigating the effects of humic acid and acetic acid foliar application on yield and leaves nutrient content of grape (Vitis vinifera)

Ahmad Asgharzade¹* and Mahdi Babaeian²

¹Department of Agriculture, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran.

²Department of Agriculture, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran.

Accepted 23 April, 2021

Abstract

In order to study the effects different concentration of humic acid and acetic acid foliar application on yield and leaves nutrient content of grape (Vitis vinifera), a field experimental in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2010. Foliar application treatments were T₁: Control, T₂: Acetic acid (1000 mg kg ^-1), T₃: Humic acid (300 mg kg^-1), T₄: Acetic acid (1000 mg kg^-1) + Humic acid (300 mg kg^-1). Obtained results showed that: Spray treatments had significant effect on yield, cluster length and diameter and Iron, Potassium and Phosphor leaves content of grape. Maximum and minimum amount of fruits yield was obtained in T₃ (Humic acid) and T₁ (Control) treatments respectively. Highest amount of length and diameter of grape cluster and leaves Iron content was recorded in T₄ (Acetic acid) + Humic acid) but maximum of phosphor and potassium was recorded in T₃ (Acetic acid) and minimum amount of all characters was recorded in T₁ (Control).

Key words: Humic acid, acetic acid, zinc, foliar application, grape, yield.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 2756-3685 Vol. 9 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of different grape varieties for resistance to powdery mildew caused by Uncinula necator

Hossein Karbalaei Khiavi¹*, Haji Shikhlinskiy², Asadollah Babaei Ahari³ and Mohammad Akrami⁴

¹Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Ardebil Province, Ardebil, Iran.

²Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan.

³Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

⁴University of Payam Noor, Tabriz, Iran.

Accepted 27 June, 2021

Abstract

Powdery mildew is one of the most serious and destructive diseases of grapes around the world, including Iran. Although the application of chemical pesticides is the most common control method, the use of resistant varieties may be the most effective and environmentally sound strategy for managing the disease. Fourteen grape varieties were evaluated for testing powdery mildew (Uncinula necator) resistance under natural infection conditions and artificial inoculation methods were used between 2007 and 2009 in Ardabil province of Iran. Disease severity on leaves and fruit (cluster) were evaluated by the following procedures: 0: immune, 1: highly resistant, 2: resistant, 3: tolerant, 4: susceptible, and 5: highly susceptible. Results of the experiments showed that Shahani, Yagothi and Tabrizkishmishi cultivars were immune, Sahibi cultivar was highly resistant, Agshilig and Tokoulgan were resistant, Kishmishi, Khalili and Tabarzeh cultivars were tolerant, Aldarag and Koupakbogan were susceptible and Garashilig, Seyrakpousteh and Rasmi cultivars were highly susceptible to the disease. In general, results of this study were promising and some immune, highly resistant and resistant cultivars to U. necator were identified and they may be used as a resistance genetic source for management of the disease in national and international programs.

Key words: Grape, Uncinula necator, powdery mildew, resistance.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 2756-3685 Vol. 9 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in rats

Esrafil Mansouri¹, Marzieh Panahi¹*, Mohammad Ali Ghaffari² and Ali Ghorbani³

¹Department of Anatomical Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.

²Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

³Department of Nephrology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Accepted 30 May, 2021

Abstract

This study examined the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on kidney of diabetic nephropathy rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three Groups: control, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy and received GSPE 500 mg/kg for 6 weeks. At first, 24-h urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was studied two weeks after induction of diabetes then each week until the end of the experimental period in all of groups. At the end, the experimental animals were sacrificed and the right kidneys were collected and were prepared for light microscopy and electron microscopy evaluation. The results showed that the UAE and kidney weight in diabetic nephropathy rats were significantly higher than in control. Also an increase of the mesangial matrix, apoptotic cells, Bax expression, glomerular basement membrane thickness and broadening of foot process in diabetic nephropathy group rats were observed when compared to control group. These features were found to be reversed when the GSPE was administered to the experimental animals. Our results suggest that GSPE can prevent the progression of nephropathy in diabetic rats.

Key words: Apoptosis, diabetic nephropathy, Bax protein, glomerular basement membrane, grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE).

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 2756-3685 Vol. 9 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of different vegetable oils formulations on temperature tolerance and storage duration of Beauveria bassiana conidia

F. Lotfi Mola¹* and R. Afkari²

¹Department of biochemistry, Dezful Branch. Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran.

²Department of microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Young researchers, Isalamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran.

Accepted 20 March, 2021

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of different vegetable oil formulations on the temperature tolerance and storage duration of Beauveria bassiana conidia. The germination ability of conidia mixed with eight vegetable oils including rapeseed, soy, sesame, corn, coconut, grape, olive and almond oils, were evaluated for the conidia temperature tolerance at 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45°C by spreading conidia over Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). The germination ability of conidia mixed with eight vegetable oils was evaluated after 1, 2 and 3 week storage at 25°C by spreading over SDA. Results show that there was significant difference between tolerance of conidia to different vegetable oils formulation so that the highest and the lowest germinations were established for variants with Sesame and Olive oils formulation respectively. The highest germination was proved at 25°C. The germination ability was reduced gradually by increasing the storage duration so that the percent germination reduction were 33, 44 and 52 for first, second and third week of conidia storage, respectively. The Sesame and Olive oils formulation had the highest and the lowest effects on conidial storage respectively.

Key words: Vegetable oils, Beauveria bassiana, temperature tolerance.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 2756-3685 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A simple and rapid DNA extraction method from leaves of grapevine suitable for polymerase chain reaction analysis

Sandra Lo Piccolo¹, Antonio Alfonzo¹, Gaetano Conigliaro¹, Giancarlo Moschetti¹, Santella Burruano¹ and Amalia Barone²*

¹Dipartimento Demetra, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy.

²Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell’Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.

Accepted 16 December, 2021

Abstract

The genomic grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) DNA extraction is difficult because of secondary metabolites that interfere with DNA isolation procedures and subsequent applications. We developed a simple, rapid and efficient method for the extraction of genomic DNA from asymptomatic and pathogen-infected grape leaves. The protocol reported, based on a modified cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) extraction procedure, allowed the rapid DNA extraction from little amounts of leaf material without employment of liquid nitrogen for initial tissue grinding. The protocol included polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to bind phenolic compounds, β-mercaptoethanol to inhibit the oxidation of polyphenols, and a high concentration of NaCl (2.5 M) to increase the solubility of polysaccharides, thus reducing their co-precipitation with DNA. Final DNA solution did not contain polysaccharides, polyphenols and other major contaminants. The purity of genomic DNA was confirmed by A_260/280 and A_260/230 ratios calculated from the spectrophotometric readings. In addition, the quality of the DNA extracted from asymptomatic, Oidium tuckeri- and Plasmopara viticola-infected leaves of V. vinifera L. was evaluated in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses by using different set of primers to be able to amplify vegetal, fungal and bacterial DNA.

Key words: Vitis vinifera L., DNA extraction, PCR, fungi, bacteria.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 2756-3685 Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of three mushroom species, Lentinus squarrosulus Mont., Volvariella esculenta (Massee) Singer and Pleurocybella porrigens (Pers.) Singer

Israel O. Okoro

Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 21 November, 2019

Abstract

The antioxidant properties of three mushroom samples, namely, Lentinus squarrosulus, Volvariella esculenta and Pleurocybella porrigens were investigated. The antioxidant activities, 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, reducing powers, amount of total phenolic compounds and flavonoid concentration of the extracts were determined. The mushroom samples showed differences in values for all the five parameters. L. squarrosulus had the highest antioxidant activity of 40.54±1.50, flavonoid concentration (61.93±2.93), total phenolic content (392.68±33.77) and reducing power activity (281.15±8.13), while P. porrigens had the least values for these parameters. There were statistically significant correlations between reducing power and amount of total phenolic compounds in all three mushroom extracts. The highest DPPH scavenging ability was shown by P. porringes (63.37±2.89) and the least value of this parameter was shown by V. esculenta (48.88±1.35). The mushroom samples showed significant difference (p<0.05) in all the parameters, except for total phenolic compounds concentration (p>0.05). All the three mushroom samples exhibited effective antioxidant properties which contribute to their medicinal and health values.

Key words:  Lentinus  squarrosulus,  Volvariella  esculenta,  Pleurocybella  porrigens,  mushroom, antioxidant, phenolic content.