International Journal of Enology and Viticulture

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 5 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of supplementation with grape seed (VITIS VINIFERA) extract on antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in patient with type ΙΙ diabetes

Bahram Pourghassem-Gargari², Somayeh Abedini^1,2*, Hossein Babaei¹, Akbar Aliasgarzadeh³ and Parvin Pourabdollahi²

¹Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

²Nutritional Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

³Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Emam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Accepted 28 November, 2017

Abstract

To determine the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation on antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). During a randomized double blind clinical trial adult subjects with type 2 diabetes were supplemented with 200 mg/day of GSE or placebo for two months. Fasting blood samples were obtained at the beginning and the end of study to determine total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels in red blood cells and the serum malondialdehyde levels (MDA). After 2 months of grape seed extract supplementation, TAC decreased significantly from 0.71±0.17 to 0.7±0.15 (p<0.05) and SOD increased significantly from 1453±210 to 1514±243 (p<0.05) with no significant changes in MDA and GPX concentrations. There were no significant differences in the levels of TAC, SOD, GPX and MDA between groups (P > 0.05) during study. Although there were significant changes in TAC and SOD levels in GSE group, but there were no significant differences compared to placebo group. Therefore that is better to more investigation performed with upper dose and longer time by attention to special condition of diabetes and the medicines that are consumed.

Key words: Grape seed extract, oxidative stress, antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, diabetes.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 5 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Phenology of “Niagara Rosada” grapevines grafted on different rootstocks grown on Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) of Goiás State, Brazil

Mauro Brasil Dias Tofanelli¹*, Renato Vasconcelos Botelho², Erasmo José Paioli Pires³, Laίze Aparecida Ferreira Vilela⁴ and Diego Oliveira Ribeiro⁴

¹Departamento de Engenharia Agronômica, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil.

²Universidade do Centro Oeste, Unicentro, Rua Simeão Varela Camargo de Sá 3. 85040-080 Guarapuava, Paraná, Brasil.

³Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Caixa Postal 28, 13001-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil.

⁴Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Faculdades Integradas de Mineiros, Fimes, Caixa Postal 104, 75830-00, Mineiros, Goiás, Brasil.

Accepted 19 November, 2017

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to study the phenological stages from pruning to harvest of the ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapevine grafted on different rootstocks grown on Cerrado conditions (Brazilian savanna) at the Goiás State, in the middle west of Brazil. The trial was carried out in Mineiros County, to evaluate phenological stages of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapevines grafted on three rootstocks (‘Ripária do Traviú, ‘IAC-766 - Campinas’ and ‘IAC-572 - Jales’ and cultivated on climate and soil conditions of Cerrado (Brazilian savanna). The results showed that the cycle (from pruning to harvest) of ‘Niagara Rosada’ had differences on number of days according to the rootstock: 109 days on ‘Ripária do Traviú’, 112 days on ‘IAC-766’, and 113 on ‘IAC-572’, and the thermal summation requirements to complete the phenological cycle of ‘Niágara Rosada’ were 1,167.4, 1,197.9 and 1,207.4 degree-days, respectively. It can be concluded that climate and soil of Cerrado provided cycle reduction of ‘Niagara Rosada’.

Key words: Vitis vinifera, rootstock, phenologycal characterization, Brazilian savanna.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 5 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Mite (Acari) fauna of some cultivated plants from Kahramanmaras, Turkey

Tülin Özsisli^1* and Sultan Çobanoğlu²

¹Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural Faculty, Kahramanmara  Sütçü Đmam University, Av ar Campus, 46100, Kahramanmara , Turkey.

²Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural Faculty, Ankara University, 06110/Dı kapı, Ankara, Turkey.

Accepted 18 November, 2017

Abstract

Surveys were conducted to identify mite (Acari) species from cultivated plants in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Phytophagous and predatory mite species on vegetables and fruit trees were collected during 1997–2000. Phytophagous mites, Tetranychus turkestani (Ugarov and Nikolski) and Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, were obtained from eggplant, bean, and cucumber. Predatory mites Phytoseius finitimus Ribaga and Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) were identified from eggplant and cucumber, respectively. Predatory mite species from mixed fruit orchards belong to the family Phytoseiidae. These species were named Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) bagdasarjani (Wainstein and Arutunjan), Euseius finlandicus Oudemans, Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans), Paraseiulus soleiger (Ribaga), Paraseiulus subsoleiger Wainstein, Paraseiulus triporus (Chant and Yoshida-Shaul), P. finitimus on grape, quince, walnut, mulberry, persimmon, peach, and pomegranate; Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) intercalaris (Livshitz and Kuznetzov) on fig. Typhlodromus (A.) bagdasarjani and E. finlandicus were also found on the ornamental plant Ipomoea indica (Burman) Merrill (Convolvulaceae). Tydeus californicus (Banks) (Tydeidae) was reported from an unknown host. The predatory mite, E. finlandicus was the most common phytoseiid species in orchard trees.

Key words: Predatory mites, pest mites, vegetables, orchards, Kahramanmara,Turkey.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN 3426-7212 Vol. 4 (7), pp. 222-227, December, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of intercropping coffee with fruit trees on soil nutrients and coffee yields

¹Mithamo MW, ²Kerich RK and ¹Kimemia JK

¹Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)-Coffee Research Institute – Kenya,

²School of Environmental Studies, Kenyatta University.

*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +254722257375

Accepted 17 November, 2017

Abstract

Coffee occupies some of the most potential land for crop production in Kenya and is mostly planted as a mono-crop. Intercropping has been assumed to compete for nutrients, which may reduce coffee yields and quality. Consequently, policies promoting mono- cropping are preferred, irrespective of environmental degradation. In this regard, a study was carried out at Coffee Research Foundation (CRF), Kenya, to investigate the effect of intercropping coffee on soil quality and coffee yields. The trial was set in a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with seven treatments. Mature coffee trees (Coffea arabica L.) intercropped with avocadoes (Persea americana), macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia), mangoes (Mangifera indica), guavas (Psidium guajava), loquats (Eriobotrya japonica), bananas (Musa sapientum) and pure coffee stand), replicated thrice. Intercropping coffee with Mangoes and macadamia led to significantly higher potassium in the soil whereas coffee intercropped with avocados resulted in significantly higher phosphorus. Intercropping coffee with various fruit trees significantly depressed coffee yields but gave higher percentage Grade A beans. In contrast, guavas depressed both yields and percentage Grade A.  This study shows that the impact of intercropping coffee is specific to the fruit tree used. It is recommended that for successful intercropping, good agronomic practices for both coffee and fruit used are paramount.

Keywords: Intercropping, soil nutrients, coffee yields, coffee quality, fruit trees. 

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 3426-7212 Vol. 4 (6), pp. 192-221, November, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Climate change and grapevine growth in the southernmost Finland

Juha Karvonen

Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: +358400642378.

Accepted 23 October, 2017

Abstract

The study charted the suitability of existing environmental conditions in the southernmost Finland for growing grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). It examined the effect of snow layer and covers on the earth’s surface and soil temperatures, compared the growing conditions in the Helsinki region (Tuusula) to the growing conditions at viticulture locations in continental Europe and the Swiss mountains, and assessed how the predicted climate change would promote viticulture in southernmost Finland. According to the Heliothermal Index (HI) and Amerine-Winkler Index, Tuusula, Neunbrandenburg, Freyburg and Herrlisheim-prés-Colmar are all classified as ‘very cool’ viticulture climates. Based on the Cool Night Index (CI), Tuusula was classified as ‘very cool nights’, but other locations were classified as ‘cool nights’. In the Helsinki region, the current length of the growing season, effective temperature sum, number of hours of sunshine, solar radiation and soil temperature are sufficient for growing many V. vinifera and hybrid cultivars and correspond to vineyard climate conditions in the Copenhagen region and high-altitude vineyards in Valais. The predicted 2°C temperature increase by the RPC2.6 scenario would bring to the Helsinki area temperatures found currently in the northern viticulture areas of central Europe and make viticulture possible with more V. vinifera cultivars.

Keywords: Northern viticulture, viticulture climate classification, climate change, growing season, air temperature, snow cover.

International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 3426-7212 Vol. 4 (5), pp. 184-191, October, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Determinants of plant species associated with Osyris lanceolata in humid highland and dry lowland forests in Kenya

Mary Gathara^1,2*, Paul Makenzi², James Kimondo¹ and Gabriel Muturi¹

¹Kenya Forestry Research Institute, Nairobi 20412-00200, Kenya.

²Environmental Science Department, Egerton University, Njoro 536-20115, Kenya.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +254 712 809 563. 

Accepted 11 April, 2016

Abstract

Osyris lanceolata (African Sandalwood) belongs to the family Santalaceae that hosts some of the most valuable species for perfumery oil extraction. In India and Australia, Santalum album and Santalum spicatum are well developed for perfumery oil extraction through establishment of commercial plantations. In Africa, O. lanceolata has attracted significant attention as potential perfumery oils extraction species. However, African Sandalwood exploitation is through unsustainable smuggling from natural forests and woodlands. Since sustainable production of O. lanceolata oils is only feasible through establishment of commercial plantations, there is need to understand ecological requirements of the species before the remaining natural stands disappear. The aim of this study was to determine plant species and edaphic factors that can predict African Sandalwood site suitability for domestication programs. Sample plots with and without O. lanceolata were selected from natural stands in a humid highland forest and a dry lowland forest, vegetation sampled using nested-intensity plots and soils sampled in the plots simultaneously. Vegetation data was recorded according to species abundance. Soil samples were analyzed for nutrients, texture and moisture retention. Canonical Correspondence Analysis using CANOCO software was used to determine species association and relationship between species to soil variables. In the highland forest, O. lanceolata clustered with Rhus natalensis and six other species, and was correlated to soil nitrogen, moisture and clay. In lowland forest, O. lanceolata clustered with R. natalensis and Hypoestes forskahlii but did not correlate with any of the soil variables. The clustering of African Sandalwood with R. natalensis in both forest types suggests strong predictive capacity of R. natalensis for O. lanceolata site suitability in humid and dry areas. Inconsistence of O. lanceolata relationship with soil variables in the two study sites provides opportunity for further studies in different soil types.

Key words: CANOCO, domestication, edaphic, hemi-parasites, species association, African Sandalwood.