ISSN 2756-3685
Research Article
International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 2756-3685 Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2023. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Microsatellite markers used for genotype identification and inference of genetic relatedness among various grape types and rootstocks
Ajitpal Singh1, Krishan Kumar3, Manav Indra Singh Gill1*, Parveen Chhuneja2, Naresh Kumar Arora1 and Kuldeep Singh2
1Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana - 141004, Punjab, India.
2School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab -141004, India.
3Punjab Agricultural University Regional Research Station, Abohar -152116, India.
Accepted 16 October, 2022
Abstract
Twenty-seven (27) grape genotypes representing different grape groups namely table, wine, juice grapes and rootstocks with present or potential future importance for sub-tropical viticulture were characterized with 29 microsatellite markers spanning over 15 linkage groups of ‘Syrah’ ´ ‘Grenache’ linkage map. The objective of the investigation was to establish the unique molecular identity of the promising genotypes and to know the diversity status among them. The study revealed that most of the markers were highly informative and polymorphism information content (PIC) of 21 out of total 29 markers was ≥ 0.8. The use of two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was sufficient enough to resolve the differences among all the grape genotypes. The unweighted Neighbour-Joining tree generated using DARwin 5.0 software classified the germplasm into three different clusters. The grouping of the different genotypes in the tree had distinct order. Genotypes derived from the same species were in one group, while the genotypes having both or one parents common in their pedigree formed separate group. Likewise, the rootstocks were clearly differentiated from grape varieties. However, the varieties could not be differentiated into table, juice and wine types. The findings of the study will be helpful in authentication of the genotypes and their use in the future grape breeding programmes.
Key words: Vitis species, table, juice, wine varieties, rootstocks, DNA fingerprinting, diversity analysis.
Manav Indra Singh Gill*, Krishan Kumar, Parveen Chhuneja, Ajitpal Singh, Naresh Kumar Arora and Kuldeep Singh
Page: 1 - 8
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJEV/1090Research Article
International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 2756-3685 Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of unripe grape juice on blood pressure of normal hyperlipidemic and hyperlipidemic with hypertensive human volunteers
Mohsen Alipour1, Parvin Davoudi2 and Zahra Davoudi3*
1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
2Department of Biology, Payam Noor University, Zanjan, Iran.
3Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Iran.
Accepted 1 November, 2022
Abstract
There is a widespread belief in Iranian society that verjuice consumption has useful effects on blood lipid profile and hypertension. This study was designed to examine this hypothesis. This study subjects included three groups: (A) healthy individuals volunteers of age 20 to 30 years; (B) hyperlipidemic patients of age 30 to 60 years old; and (C) hyperlipidemic plus hypertensive patients of age 30 to 60 years. All subjects were asked to consume 200 ml of verjuice twice per day for one month. At the beginning of this study and then every two weeks, blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Blood sample were also collected and all parameters consisted of plasma lipid profile, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. There was no significant difference between the levels of lipid profile components, heart rate, and blood pressure before and after consumption of the verjuice in healthy volunteers. However, in all the three groups, the concentration of TAC and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ratio was increased and MDA concentration was reduced respectively, in all subjects after verjuice consumption. In hyperlipidemic and hyperlipidemic plus hypertensive peoples, administration of verjuice, after four weeks (no two weeks) resulted in significant reduction of blood pressure along with the reduction of LDL-C, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations. In conclusion, although blood pressure and lipid profile disorders did not completely return to normal levels by verjuice consumption, it seems that it is used as a flavoring, not devoid of benefit may be due to its antioxidant effects.
Key words: Verjuice, blood pressure, blood lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity.
Mohsen Alipour, Parvin Davoudi and Zahra Davoudi*
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJEV/1098Research Article
International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 2756-3685 Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Influence of the seasonal conditions on phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Vitis vinifera L.
Nevcihan Gursoy
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, TR-58140, Sivas, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: + 90-346-219 10 10. Ext. 2889.
Accepted 16 July, 2022
Abstract
The aim of this study is determining the phenolic acid composition and antioxidant activity potential of Vitis vinifera collected from Osmaniye-Turkey. For determining the phenolic acid composition of the grapes collected in different seasons, samples were screened via a high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) instrument. By this way, amounts of gallic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, luteolin and apigenin were determined quantitatively. September sample was the riches one in terms of phenolic acids and flavonoids studied. This is followed by August and October samples, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the samples were also evaluated, using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. October sample was found as the richest one among the samples tested. Antioxidant activities of the samples were evaluated by using four complementary test systems. Results obtained from these samples showed a strong correlation with their phytochemical contents. The most active sample was found as the grape collected in October.
Key words: Vitis vinifera, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), extract, antioxidant activity, phenolic, flavonoid.
Nevcihan Gursoy
Page: 1 - 9
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJEV/1097Research Article
International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 2756-3685 Vol. 9 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2022. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Early detection of gray mold in grape using conventional and molecular methods
Hala Abdel Wahab1 and Rania A. A. Younis2*
1Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
2Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Accepted 15 September, 2021
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea affects grape quality and yield, and can be difficult to manage due in part to non-symptomatic, quiescent infection in berry development. The aim of this study was to develop a dual system for the detection, isolation and quantification of B. cinerea. After three days of samples replication on the modified selective medium (mKERS), the results showed a significant infection effect on the majority of inflorescence samples, especially on the small berries which demonstrated Botrytis infection in all tested plants and appeared to be highly susceptible to Botrytis infection prior to harvest. Moreover, infection variation was determined in almost all inflorescence samples taken from different plants. The real-time PCR assay was used to determine the DNA quantity of B. cinerea in each sample tested. A linear relationship was found in these two systems, conventional and molecular assays, to demonstrate the infection of different samples with B. cinerea. Although, the real-time PCR assay was highly expensive, it appeared to be more rapid and sensitive than the conventional selective medium assay, allowing both detection and quantification of B. cinerea within 3 h. However, conventional assay has an advantage of both detection and isolation of viable cells of B. cinerea, which resulted in making a wide collection of different isolates. Furthermore, this conventional assay is cheaper than molecular test, especially when we carry out a routine work. This dual method proved to be selective and sensitive assays and should be used to monitor Botrytis infection in the field.
Key words: Botrytis cinerea, inflorescence infection, latent/quiescent infection, real time polymerase chain reaction/real-time quantitative PCR (PCR/qPCR).
Rania A. A. Younis*, Hala Abdel Wahab
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJEV/1096Research Article
International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 2756-3685 Vol. 9 (6), pp. 001-009, June, 2022. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Inhibitory effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on cariogenic bacteria
Hala EL-Adawi
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotech Institute, City for Scientific Research, New Borg ELarab, 21934- Alexandria, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 21 August, 2021
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans plays an important role in the development of dental caries in humans. Although fluoride and other preventive efforts have led to a dramatic decline in dental caries, the ability to control the actual infection has been limited. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating in details the effect of a grape seed extract (GSE) on the growth and the biofilm formation of S. mutans. Cytotoxicity assay of GSE was used to determine the non-toxic concentrations to the host cell (HEp-2 cell line). Antimicrobial activity of GSE was examined in vitro on S. mutans isolate to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by using microtiter plate method. The potentiality of GSE on the bacterial adherence (biofilm) was also tested on growing cells on the bottom of cell culture plate. The presence of S. mutans increases the free radical stress, which initiates the DNA fragmentation of the host cells. In addition, the free scavenging activity of GSE was measured by using 1,1-dipicryl-2-phenyl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay; DNA fragmentation was carried out in the presence and absence of GSE treatment. The results obtained indicate that the non-toxic dose of GSE and its major constituents (gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin) was 15, 7, 5 and 15%, respectively. All the treatments have the ability to inhibit the growth of S. mutans and biofilm formation with priority to GSE and epicatechin (80.98 and 66.25%, respectively). Moreover, the GSE could scavenge the free radicals up to 85% and completely inhibit the DNA fragmentation. GSE, especially epicatechin therefore showed an interesting action on S. mutans and could be used for lowering this potentially cariogenic species in the oral cavity.
Key words: Streptococcus mutans, grape seed extract (GSE), cytotoxicity, biofilm, non-toxic dose.
Hala EL-Adawi
Page: 1 - 9
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJEV/1095Research Article
International Journal of Enology and Viticulture ISSN: 2756-3685 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-013, May, 2022. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular and ampelographic characterization of some grape hybrids (Vitis vinifera L.)
Arif ATAK1*, Ahmet ALTINDİŞLİ2, Ali Fuat GÖKÇE3 and Cengiz ÖZER4
1Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute, 77102 Yalova, Turkey.
2Horticulture Department, Agriculture Faculty, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
3Horticulture Department, Agriculture Faculty, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.
4Viticulture Research Station, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
Accepted 20 July, 2021
Abstract
23 hybrids were selected as potential cultivar candidates due to their superior characteristics and were created at the Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute (AHCRI) or the Tekirdağ Viticulture Research Institute (TVRI). In this study, the ampelographic and molecular characteristics of 23 grapevine hybrids created in two different breeding studies were determined. Ampelographic data were collected during two vegetation periods in Yalova, Turkey. Total of 68 ampelographic characteristics were identified for 23 hybrids. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - based microsatellite technique was used to analyse 23 hybrids and 2 standard varieties. The genetic relationships were defined with 20 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and genetic similarity indices, principal component analysis graphs and phylogenetic relationship dendrograms were produced depending on the hybrid and SSR marker size of the allele which ranged from 88 to 294 bp. Additionally, ampelographic and molecular scores were evaluated together. After evaluation of molecular and ampelographic data together, similarity ratio was increased and ampelographic characterisation was dominated by molecular characterization. It may be related using more ampelographic characters in the study. Variety candidates which were obtained from different Institutes were characterized and taken under protection with this study. The information in the obtained database can be used for cultivar identification, parentage analysis, and legal protection. Also, some ampelographic characterization results will be used in determining the priority of registration.
Key words: Ampelography, characterization, hybrids, simple sequence repeat (SSR), Vitis vinifera L.
Ali Fuat GÖKÇE and Cengiz ÖZER, Arif ATAK*, Ahmet ALTINDİŞLİ
Page: 1 - 13
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJEV/1094