ISSN 2756-3685
Research Article
International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 6 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In vitro embryo rescue culture of F1 progenies from crosses between tetraploid grape and Vitis amurensis Rupr.
Yinshan Guo#, Yuhui Zhao#, Kun Li, Zhendong Liu, Hong Lin, Xiuwu Guo* and Chengxiang Li
College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
Accepted 15 September, 2018
Abstract
Using three tetraploid table grape varieties as the female parents and Vitis amurensis Rupr. as the male parent, the effects of inoculation time and medium state on embryo rescue were studied. The results showed that inoculation time had a great effect on ovule germination percentage. 60 to 70 days after pollination was the best inoculation time, which resulted in the highest ovule germination percentage. Among solid medium, liquid medium, semi-solid medium and liquid over solid double layer medium, the last medium had the highest germination percentage, and then the solid medium. Liquid and semi-solid media were not good.
Key words: Grapes, embryo rescue, inoculation time, medium.
Yuhui Zhao#, Xiuwu Guo* and Chengxiang Li, Kun Li, Zhendong Liu, Hong Lin, Yinshan Guo#
Page: 1 - 4
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJEV/1046Research Article
International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 6 (1), pp. 001-012, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Metabolite profiling of endophytic fungal isolates of five ethno-pharmacologically important plants of Meghalaya, India
R. K. Bhagobaty1,2 and S. R. Joshi1*
1Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North- Eastern Hill University, Umshing, Shillong-793 022, Meghalaya, India.
2Microbiology Division, Quality Evaluation Laboratory, Spices Board, Palarivattom, Cochin-682025, Kerala, India.
Accepted 10 June, 2018
Abstract
Crude metabolite extracts derived from the culture broths of endophytic fungi of five ethno-pharmacologically important plant species used by the ethnic tribes of the hill state of Meghalaya in North-East India were screened for the presence of toxins and secondary metabolites using agar plug paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). The endophytic fungal isolates were found to produce a wide range of toxins, growth hormones and antibiotics upon searching in a fungal mycotoxin database. Relatedness among the fungal isolates was determined based upon their extra-cellular metabolite production pattern. The endophytic fungal isolates in the present study showed a wide range of metabolomic diversity and can be explored as potential microbial cell factories for production of a diverse range of biomolecules. Taxonomic relatedness of the endophytes based upon the snapshots of their secretomes, presented a contrasting picture in relation to their morphological identity. Rapid metabolome analysis of endophytic fungi using analytical techniques like LC-MS coupled with mass related search in fungal specific metabolite databases is bound to increase our insights about fungal chemo-taxonomy as a whole and bio-prospection of useful fungal metabolites in particular.
Key words: Endophytic fungi, ethnic tribes, medicinal plants, agar plug paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography (TLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), chemo-taxonomy, metabolome.
S. R. Joshi*, R. K. Bhagobaty
Page: 1 - 12
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJEV/1045Research Article
International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 5 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular characterization of CITRUS TRISTEZA virus isolates from Pakistan based on CPG/HINf I restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) groups analysis
Sagheer Atta1,2, Yongqing Liu1,2, Mengji Cao1,2, Fang-yun Yang1,3,Yan Zhou1,3 and Changyong Zhou1,3*
1National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China.
2College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
3Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
Accepted 22 June, 2018
Abstract
From six different districts of Punjab, Pakistan, 85 isolates of CITRUS TRISTEZA virus (CTV) were collected and characterized based on coat protein gene (CPG) analysis. All isolates were collected from field trees showing various CTV symptoms such as decline in most citrus varieties, inverse pitting on some sour orange rootstocks below bud union, mild-to-moderate stem-pitting on the trunk of some sweet orange. The CTV CP gene of all isolates was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) using CP gene-specific primers yielding 672 bp. The maximum disease incidence was found in sweet orange followed by mandarin and grapefruit. These isolates were then subjected to CPG/HINf I restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Mixed infection of CTV isolates was found very common in the field tress in Pakistan. The most dominant CPG/HINf I RFLP groups III, I and VI are the basic causal epidemic in Pakistan. Moreover, based on symptoms in the field trees, CPG/HINf I RFLP groups III, I and VI are considered to be the obvious causes of decline and stem-pitting in Pakistan.
Key words: Citrus tristeza virus, CPG/Hinf I restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) groups, decline, stem-pitting.
Sagheer Atta, Fang-yun Yang, Yongqing Liu, Mengji Cao, Yan Zhou and Changyong Zhou*
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJEV/1044Research Article
International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 5 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Seasonal flight activity of the grape berry moth, LOBESIA BOTRANA Den. and Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Sisakht region, Iran
K. Saeidi* and B. Kavoosi
Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Yasuj, Iran.
Accepted 26 June, 2018
Abstract
Grape berry moth, LOBESIA BOTRANA Den. and Schiff. is one of the most important pests of grape vine in most parts of the country. Losses caused by larval feeding lead to disrupted plant activities, reduction in flower buds and ultimately decreased quality and quantity of the crop. In order to study seasonal flight activity of L. BOTRANA and to determine spraying time, experiments were conducted for two consecutive years at two different orchards in Sisakht region in 2008-2009. The seasonal flight of L. BOTRANA was investigated by using pheromone traps and collecting samples from eggs, larva and pupa stages of the pest. The results showed that L. BOTRANA has three generations with an incomplete 4th in the region. Damage of first and fourth generation was very low. The grape vine fruits were mainly damaged by the second and third generation of L. BOTRANA that happened about ten days after the adult emergency.
Key words: Lobesia botrana, flight activity, population dynamics, pheromone traps, spraying.
K. Saeidi*, B. Kavoosi
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJEV/1042Research Article
International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 5 (7), pp. 001-011, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In vitro investigation of the hypoglycemic activity of yeasts using models of rat epididymal adipocyte and differentiated mouse 3T3-L1 adipocyte
Chien-Hui Wu1,2, Hong-Ting Lin1, Guan-James Wu3, Sheng-Hong Wang1 and Guo-Jane Tsai1,*
1Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC.
2Department of Food and Beverage Management, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, No. 92, Shengjing Road, Beitou District, Taipei City 11260, Taiwan, ROC.
3Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, No. 300, Liu-Ho Road, Makung, Penghu county 880, Taiwan ROC.
Accepted 10 May, 2018
Abstract
The differentiated mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes (3T3-L1 model) were used in studying glucose metabolisms without the need for feeding (Sprague-Dawley, SD model) the rat prior to hypoglycemic activity evaluation. Both models were adopted to evaluate the hypoglycemic activities of 58 yeast strains isolated from various sources (grape, vine yard soil, winery soil). Among the 58 tested yeast isolates, strain 54 (Saccharomyces pastorianus no. 54) which showed the highest hypoglycemic activity was chosen to be the test strain. The optimal insulin concentration used in these 2 models (SD and 3T3-L1) for measuring the hypoglycemic activity of hypoglycemic yeast extract (HGYE) was 10 nM. The range of linear relation in the dose-response curve was 0-1000 g/ml for SD model, and 0-250 g/ml for 3T3-L1 model. The linear coefficient was 0.8611. The radioactive labeled 2-[1-14C]-Deoxy-D-Glucose was also used to confirm cytoplasmic glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Comparing both the results of insulin effect and dose response of HGYE by both models, it was concluded that the 3T3-L1 model can serve as a rapid and reliable assay model for in vitro evaluation of hypoglycemic activity of yeast.
Key words: 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat, epididymal adipocytes, hypoglycemic activity, yeast.
Sheng-Hong Wang and Guo-Jane Tsai*, Guan-James Wu, Hong-Ting Lin, Chien-Hui Wu
Page: 1 - 11
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJEV/1041Research Article
International Journal of Enology and Viticulture Vol. 5 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Estimation of the nutritive value of grape pomace for ruminant using gas production technique
Afshar Mirzaei-Aghsaghali1, Naser Maheri-Sis2*, Hormoz Mansouri3, Mohammad Ebrahim Razeghi4, Abdolahad Shaddel telli2 and Abolfazl Aghajanzadeh-Golshani2
1Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, Iran.
2Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, Iran.
3Animal Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.
4Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Urmia, Iran.
Accepted 10 May, 2018
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and estimation of nutritive value of white grape pomace (WGP) using IN VITRO gas production technique. Fermentation of WGP samples were carried out with rumen fluids obtained from three mature cannulated steers. The samples were collected from a factory in Urmia, Iran. The amount of gas production for WGP at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were measured. The results showed that the crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) contents were 17.27, 59.5, 52.5 and 13.5%, respectively. Gas production at 24 h and potential gas production (a + b) were 30.92 and 79.89 ml, respectively. The organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents were 50.50%, 7.4 MJ kg-1 DM and 0.69 mmol, respectively. The net energy for lactation (NEL) content was 3.31 MJ kg-1 DM. According to the results of this study, it seems that WGP could be used as a valuable food industrial by-product in ruminant nutrition.
Key words: Nutritive value, gas production, grape pomace, short chain fatty acid, metabolizable energy.
Hormoz Mansouri, Mohammad Ebrahim Razeghi, Abdolahad Shaddel telli and Abolfazl Aghajanzadeh-Golshani, Naser Maheri-Sis*, Afshar Mirzaei-Aghsaghali
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJEV/1040