ISSN 2756-3413
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 2756-3413 Vol. 15 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Traditional Iranian dairy products: A source of potential probiotic lactobacilli
Maryam Tajabadi Ebrahimi1*, Arthur C. Ouwehand2, Mohamad A. Hejazi3 and Parvaneh Jafari4
1Islamic Azad University (IAU), Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2Health and Nutrition, Danisco Finland, 02460 Kantvik, Finland.
3Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Tabriz, Iran.
4Islamic Azad University (IAU), Arak Branch, Arak, Iran.
Accepted 12 October, 2020
Abstract
A varied climate in Iran makes the production of a wide range of dairy products possible. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify new potential probiotic lactobacilli from traditional Iran dairy products. The isolates were screened for their probiotic potential activities, including acid and bile resistance, antagonistic activity and cholesterol removal. Screening of acid and bile tolerant strains from 14 different samples led to the identification of 20 isolates of Lactobacillus spp. Most promising strains which assimilated more than 75% of the cholesterol in the medium and/or exhibited high inhibition value against pathogen identified based on 16S rDNA sequence. Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei isolated from yogurt and cheese exhibited both high cholesterol assimilation and antagonist activity. These results suggested that, Iranian indigenous lactobacilli have potential as probiotics, and they might also be good candidates to be used as probiotic carrier or functional foods.
Key words: Traditional dairy, probiotic, cholesterol assimilation, antagonist activity.
Maryam Tajabadi Ebrahimi*, Arthur C. Ouwehand, Mohamad A. Hejazi and Parvaneh Jafari
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 2756-3413 Vol. 15 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of roasting, boiling and microwaving cooking method on sulfadiazine + trimethoprim residues in edible tissues of broiler by microbial inhibition method
A. Javadi1*, H. Mirzaie1 and S. A. Khatibi2
1Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, 5157944533, Iran.
2Tabriz Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, 5157944533, Iran.
Accepted 12 October, 2020
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different cooking processes like boiling, roasting and microwaving on sulfadiazine + trimethoprim residues in edible tissues of broiler chickens. Each of chicks was fed by water and food with 0.05% of sulfadiazine + trimethoprim in their drinking water for consecutive 5 days. After the 5th day of the drug administration, they were killed and breast muscle; liver and gizzard were sampled aseptically from each carcass. The residue was analyzed using microbial inhibition test by plates seeded with Bacillus subtilis. The positive raw samples cooked by various cooking procedures (roasting, boiling and microwaving) . Then, we surveyed cooked samples for the present of residue. The results show the reduction in concentration of sulfadiazine + trimethoprim residue after different cooking processes. The most reduction of sulfadiazine + trimethoprim residues in cooked muscle samples related to microwaving process and a part of residue excreted from tissue to cooking fluid in boiling process. Muscle samples had the most resistance to residue reduction rather than other tissues in boiling and roasting processes. The reduction effect of all cooking processes on liver and gizzard samples was greater than muscle samples and the inhibitory zone around all cooked liver and gizzard samples were not detectable. Regarding to the results of this study, we can concluded that cooking processes do not guarantee a full break-down of these drugs present in condemned animals. Between the various agents affecting antibiotics residue after cooking process, cooking time and temperature can play major role about antibiotic residue reduction.
Key words: Cooking, sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, residue, edible tissue, broiler.
A. Javadi*, H. Mirzaie and S. A. Khatibi
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 2756-3413 Vol. 14 (9), pp. 001-005, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antiviral activity of Avicennia marina against herpes simplex virus type 1 and vaccine strain of poliovirus (An in vitro study)
Keivan Zandi1*, Marzieh Taherzadeh1, Ramin Yaghoubi2, Saeed Tajbakhsh1, Zahra Rastian1, Moradali Fouladvand1 and Kohzad Sartavi3
1Persian Gulf Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
2Transplant Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran.
3Jahad-Keshavarzi Research Center, Bushehr, Iran.
Accepted 12 September, 2020
Abstract
Avicenniaceae family is a member of true mangrove plants which has one genus, 11 species and several subspecies. Avicennia marina is the most current species among these plants in Iranian mangrove forest. Regarding to the presence of many active biological constituents in this plant and their applications in traditional and alternative medicine, the in vitro antiviral activity of its leaf extract on herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) and vaccine strain of polio virus (Sabin) in Vero cell line were determined. The CC50 of the extract was 5750.96 for Vero cells. The antiviral effect of the extract on HSV- 1 and vaccine strain of polio virus before and after the attachment of the virus particles to Vero cells were assessed. The IC50 values of the extract were 66 µg/ml and 137.24 µg/ml for before and after virus attachment stages of HSV-1 replication cycle respectively. The IC50 values of extract for vaccine strain of poliovirus were 145.7 and 314.3 µg/ml for before and after attachment stages of virus replication respectively. The SI values of the extract for the before and after virus attachment stages of viral replication cycle were 87.1 and 41.9 for HSV-1. The SI for the vaccine strain of poliovirus were calculated 39.5 and 18.3 for before and post attachment stages of this virus replication cycle ordinarily. The obtained SI values indicate that hot glycerin extract of A. marina leaves could be a good candidate for further studies in the area of antiviral compound developing.
Key words: HSV-1, vaccine strain of poliovirus, antiviral, Avicennia marina.
Zahra Rastian, Moradali Fouladvand and Kohzad Sartavi, Keivan Zandi*, Saeed Tajbakhsh, Ramin Yaghoubi, Marzieh Taherzadeh
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 2756-3413 Vol. 14 (9), pp. 001-004, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Sugarcane mosaic virus: The causal agent of mosaic disease on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in Tehran province of Iran
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi1,2 and Behzad Hajieghrari3*
1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University Branch Varamin, Varamin, Iran.
2Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
3Department of Plant Production, Moghan Junior College of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh – Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Accepted 13 February, 2020
Abstract
During disease diagnosing studies on sorghum fields in Tehran province, Iran through vegetation period in 2005 - 2006, 75 sorghum expressing virus-associated symptoms including mosaic, leaf-redding and necrosis were collected. The virus was inoculated mechanically to Sweet corn (Zea mays cv. Pars403) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. Kimia). The virus specifically was reacted in Double Antibody Sandwich-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) and Dot Immunobinding Assay (DIBA). Also relative molecular mass of virus coat protein was calculated using a densitometer via sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to determine electrophoretic mobility compared with protein standards. The virus reacted with anti SCMV polyclonal IgG antiserum and was detected with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG alkaline phosphatase conjugate. The total nucleic acids were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using SCMV degenerate and specific primers. Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) was detected in all collected samples. The capsid protein was evaluated approximately 37 kDa in size. Amplification product (approximately 900 bp) was obtained from the collected and inoculated plants but not from healthy plants. This may confirm the presence of SCMV in the symptom-expressing plants.
Key words: SCMV, Sorghum bicolor, DAS-ELIZA, DIBA, SDS-PAGE, RT-PCR.
Sugarcane mosaic virus: The causal agent of mosaic disease on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in Tehran province of Iran
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 2756-3413 Vol. 14 (9), pp. 001-008, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The effect of plant growth regulators, cultivars and substrate combination on production of virus free potato minitubers
Taha Roodbar Shojaei1*, Niaz Ali Sepahvand2, Mansour Omidi3, Hamid Reza Abdi2 and Sepehr Mohajeri Naraghi4
1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran.
2Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran.
3Department of Agronomy and Crop Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
4Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran.
Accepted 16 July, 2020
Abstract
Nowadays large amounts of potato seed in the world is produced by in vitro virus free minitubers. Therefore, evaluation of commercial varieties in production of virus free potato minitubers is critical. In this study virus free plantlets of 4 potato cultivars of Agria, Marfona, Sante and Burren were achieved with meristem culture method. The meristem-derived plantlets which had optimum growth were transferred to the MS-medium without any growth regulators to stimulate the same vigor of the plantlets. Then DAS-ELISA test was conducted and the effects of different level of 2 growth regulators either singly or in combination were evaluated on single node culture of potato. In all cultivars the best and most economical medium for single node culture was MS medium without growth regulators. Afterwards virus free plantlets were selected and transferred to the green house. The effects of substrate combination including 4 planting bed in minituber production were evaluated, after 90 days, numbers and diameters of minitubers for each cultivar were counted and recorded. Marfona had the greatest number of minitubers and Agria had the lowest. There are no any significant differences in minituber diameter between the cultivars. A mixture of peat moss and sand in the ratio of 1:1 was proved to be the best for minituber production.
Key words: Potato, plant growth regulators, single node culture, substrate combination, minituber.
Mansour Omidi, Niaz Ali Sepahvand, Hamid Reza Abdi and Sepehr Mohajeri Naraghi, Taha Roodbar Shojaei*
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 2756-3413 Vol. 14 (8), pp. 001-004, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Anti-hepatitis E virus antibodies in sick and healthy Individuals in Ekiti State, Nigeria
O. A Adesina1,2*, M. O Japhet1,2, E. Donbraye1,3, T. E. Kumapayi2 and A. Kudoro2
1Department of Virology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
2Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, State, Nigeria.
3Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Accepted 19 July, 2020
Abstract
A cross-sectional serosurvey of 186 healthy and sick individuals between ages 3 and 72 years in Ekiti State, Nigeria was conducted for the presence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus (HEV) using a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit. Antibody to HEV was detected in 25(13.4%) of the samples analyzed. The prevalence of antibodies was greater among males (20%) than among females (11.3%) and increased with age for both sexes from 7.8% among subjects 11-20 years to 20% among subjects 61-70 years old. Five pregnant women (8.3%) and 4 (22.22%) children also had detectable anti HEV antibodies in them. Five (8.3%) healthy and 20(15.9%) sick individuals had detectable anti – HEV antibodies in them. There is a dearth of information about HEV infection in Ekiti State and in Nigeria as a whole thus making it difficult to compare with other states. HEV is likely to be endemic in the study areas as there are no portable water and good toilet facilities in most of the places. The pregnant women and the healthy but anti – HEV antibodies positive individuals suggest that HEV had been in the study area before the study was conducted.
Key words: Hepatitis E Virus (HEV), seroprevalence, antibodies, endemic, immunoassay.
O. A Adesina*, M. O Japhet, E. Donbraye1, T. E. Kumapayi and A. Kudoro
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