African Journal of Virology Research

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 5 (11), pp. 001-006, November, 2011. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Microbial evaluation of some non-sterile pharmaceutical preparations commonly used at Al-khoms Market, Libya

Tamalli M.¹, M.A.B. Gamal², Bioprabhu Sangar³ and Alghazal M.A.⁴

¹Life Science Department, Microbiology Division, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Al-margeb University, Libya.

²Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alazhar University, Egypt.

³Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-margeb University, Libya.

⁴Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, Misurata, Libya.

Accepted 01 October, 2011

Abstract

Pharmaceutical products of widely differing forms are susceptible to microbial contamination (Aulton,2002). The presence of microorganisms in a pharmaceutical preparations may therefore, affects the consumer, the preparation either itself or both depending on the class of contaminants. The use of contaminated pharmaceutical preparations has proved hazardous to the health of the users.To determine the type and incidence of predominant microorganisms in certainnon-sterile pharmaceuticals immediately after collection.All pharmaceutical samples were subjected to the following examinations: total bacterial count and presence of microbial pathogens, using conventional techniques.Microbial load varied among the pharmaceutical preparations. Bacterial counts ranged from 10 to more than 10³ CFU per ml org. Several measures, including equipment automation, monitoring programs and post-marketing surveillance are required to reduce the level of microbial contamination of non-sterile pharmaceutical products.

Key words: Pharmaceuticals, Microbial evaluation, Khoms market, Streptococci

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 5 (10), pp. 001-004, October, 2011. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of composts or vermicomposts on sorghum growth and mycorrhizal colonization

B. Hameeda, G. Harini¹, O.P. Rupela¹ and Gopal Reddy*

Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, 502 324, India.

Accepted 14 July, 2011

Abstract

Rice straw compost (RSC) and rice straw vermicompost (RSVC) were prepared and four weeks after maturity used for plant growth studies using sorghum as host plant under glasshouse conditions. Both RSC and RSVC were applied at different concentrations with and without arbascular mycorrhizae (AM) (Glomus spp.) as additional inoculants for plant growth and mycorrhzial colonization in roots. RSC or RSVC applied at 2.5 t ha^-1 showed significant improvement in shoot length (1-12%), leaf area (20-34%), plant biomass (9-27%), root volume and mycorrhizal colonization. When RSC or RSVC were applied at concentrations of 5 t ha^-1, there was decrease in plant biomass with RSC+AM and RSVC+AM, when compared to the application of RSC and RSVC alone. Similar observation was found even when they were applied at 10 t ha^-1. However, application of RSC or RSVC along with AM at 5 and 10 t ha^-1 did not show any inhibitory effect on mycorrhizal colonization but did decrease the dry matter of plant. The study shows that the application of microbial inoculants along with higher concentrations of composts may not be synergistic for plant growth.

Key words: Composts, vermicomposts, arbascular mycorrhizae, sorghum, root colonization.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 5 (9), pp. 001-004, September, 2011. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Microorganisms associated with the preparation of plantain pudding in Western Nigeria

Ohenhen, R. E., Enweani, I. B., Ogiehor, S. I. and Uwabor, K.

Department of Microbiology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.

Accepted 24 April, 2011

Abstract

The microbiological and physico-chemical quality of plantain pudding was evaluated during processing and storage under ambient temperature (30.5°C) for 120 h duration. Results indicates that the total viable bacteria count decreased from 1.36 x 10⁵ cfu/g (raw sample) to 0.3 x 10¹ cfu/g after cooking and thereafter increase steadily to 1.05 x 10⁸ cfu/g while the total fungi count decreased from 2.70 x 10⁴ cfu/g to non detectable count after boiling but increase to 6.40 x 10⁶ cfu/g at the end of the storage period. Seven bacteria genera; Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli and six fungi genera; Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Alternia spp., Geotrichium spp. and Cladosporium spp. were detected and isolated. The pH decreased from 5.7 (raw sample) to 4.7 after boiling and thereafter decreased gradually till the end of the storage period while the titratable acidity increased slightly. Furthermore, the moisture content decreased steadily all through the storage period.

Key words: Microorganisms, preparation, plaintain pudding.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 5 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2011. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of hydrogen sulphide test for detection of fecal coliform contamination in drinking water from various sources

D. H. Tambekar*, N. B. Hirulkar, S. R.Gulhane, P. N. Rajankar and S. S. Deshmukh

Postgraduate Department of microbiology, S.G.B. Amravati University, Amravati 444602, India.

Accepted 20 July, 2010

Abstract

The assessment of H₂S field test for detection of potability of drinking water was evaluated by analysing 1050 water samples from various sources at room temperature and at 37ºC after 18, 24, and 48 h of incubation. The H₂S test showed 100, 84 and 89% correlation with Eijkman test, Membrane Filter Technique (MFT) and Most Probable Number (MPN) test for coliform, respectively. In comparisons with MPN the H ₂S test showed 84% correlation with open well water, 80% with tube well water and 94% with hotels and restaurants water at room temperature, indicating decrease in efficacy of this test with depth of source of water. The test can be used in the field or in village level without any skilled personnel. Hence the test can be recommended for detection of fecal contamination in drinking water in the field where laboratory facilities are limited.

Key words: Rapid field test, MFT, MPN, Eijkman test, coliforms.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 5 (7), pp. 001-004, July, 2011. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of ogi liquor from different grains for antibacterial activities against some common diarrhoeal bacteria in Southwest Nigeria

Adebolu, T. T.¹*, Olodun, A. O.² and Ihunweze, B. C.¹

¹Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

²Federal Veterinary Services, Akure, Nigeria.

Accepted 25 July, 2010

Abstract

The effect of raw ogi liquor from five varieties of grains; white maize, yellow maize, white guinea corn, red guinea corn and millet on some diarrhoeal bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Enterobacter species was investigated. The ogi liquors prepared using cold and hot water methods were effective in inhibiting the growth of most of the test organisms with zones of inhibition ranging from 4.0 - 14.0 mm. The growth inhibition mediated by these liquors, however, was not as wide as that of some of the antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and ofloxacin, but in most cases superior to that of tetracycline, nitrofurantoin and cotrimoxazole.

Key words: Ogi liquor, antibacterial effects, diarrhoeal bacteria.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 5 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2011. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Analysis of bacterial strains from contaminated and non-contaminated sites for the production of biopolymers

M. Usman Arshad, Nazia Jamil^*, Nighat Naheed and Shahida Hasnain

Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore-54590, Pakistan.

Accepted 21 February, 2011

Abstract

A total 18 strains were collected from non-contaminated and contaminated environments, and were purified. All purified strains were characterized for Gram reaction and biochemical analysis. Screening for bioplastic production was done by Sudan black staining. Strains isolated from non-contaminated sites showed no polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. Biochemical analysis showed that PHA producing strains belong to Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Escherichia and Bacillus genera. PHA extraction was done by sodium hypochlorite digestion method. Strain MS2D showed maximum percentage (65%). Production of PHA was optimized for different temperatures and pH. Selected strains were also tested for exopolysaccharides (EPS) production on EPS detection medium by solvent precipitation method. Four out of nine strains exhibited EPS production ability. EPS production was also optimized for different temperatures and pH.

Key words: Biopolymer, bioplastic, exopolysaccharides, contaminated environment.