ISSN 2756-3413
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of in vitro antiviral activity of a brown alga (Cystoseira myrica) from the Persian Gulf against herpes simplex virus type 1
Keivan Zandi1*, Moradali Fouladvand1, Parisa Pakdel1 and Kohzad Sartavi2
1Persian Gulf Health Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. P.O. Box 3631.
2Jahad Keshavarzi Research Centre, Bushehr, Iran.
Accepted 11 October, 2018
Abstract
The hot water extract of a brown marine alga, Cystoseira myrica, from the Persian Gulf was evaluated as an antiviral compound against KOS strain of HSV-1 in cell culture. The extract exhibited antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) not only during absorption of virus to the cells, but also on post attachment stages of virus replication. The water extract of C. myrica was sterilized by filtration and autoclaving, respectively. The IC50 for filtered extract was 99 µg/ml and the IC50 for autoclaved extract was 125 µg/ml. Based on resulted selectivity index (SI) values of the extracts, which were 33.4 and 28.2 for filtered and autoclaved extracts, respectively, we found that the antiviral compound(s) in the water extract of C. myrica to be heat stable. Also, the SI values for inhibition of the post attachment stages of HSV-1 replication were 23.1 and 21.7 for filtered and autoclaved extracts, respectively. The IC50 in this phase of study were 143 and 162 µg/ml for filtered and autoclaved extracts, respectively. Therefore, C. myrica could be a good candidate as a natural source for anti-HSV-1 compound(s) isolation.
Key words: Cystoseira myrica, HSV-1, antiviral, Persian Gulf.
Keivan Zandi*, Moradali Fouladvand, Parisa Pakdel and Kohzad Sartavi
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Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-003, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study on antibody-mediated enhancement of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in goat synovial membrane cells
Adebayo, I. A.
Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B 704, Akure, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 07 December, 2018
Abstract
Antibody-mediated enhancement of caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) virus in goat synovial membrane (GSM) cells was investigated with regards to time of onset and severity of lesions. Homologous antibody was serially diluted to enhance the growth of the virus as this provided both optimal and subnormal concentrations of the antibody. The cells were incubated for five days and later stained with Giemsa stain. Marked cytopathic effects (CPE) were observed early at sub-optimal concentrations of the antibody indicating that the virus was enhanced at these concentrations. Possible epidemiological implications of these are discussed with relevance to the pathogenesis of retrovirus infections in man and animals.
Key words: CAEV, GSM cells, antibody-mediated enhancement, cytopathic effects.
I. A., Adebayo
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Rapid identification of chicken anemia virus in Nigerian backyard chickens by polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction endonuclease analysis
Daniel Oladimeji Oluwayelu1* and Daniel Todd2
1Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
2Veterinary Sciences Division, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, United Kingdom.
Accepted 21 December, 2018
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) has not been routinely diagnosed in other avian species apart from commercial chickens. A sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with restriction endonuclease (RE) analysis was used for the detection and characterization of chicken anemia virus (CAV) in backyard chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Nigeria. Using a pair of primers designed to amplify a 733 bp fragment in the VP1 (capsid protein) gene of CAV, the PCR assay detected CAV DNA in 9 of 12 serum samples from apparently healthy backyard chickens. RE digestion of the purified PCR products of commercial and backyard chickens with CfoI yielded two separate restriction endonuclease patterns, suggesting that Nigerian backyard chicken CAVs differed from the commercial chicken isolates at the nucleotide sequence level. Results of RE analysis also suggested that the backyard chickens contained a mixed population of CAV strains. These findings confirm that backyard chickens are susceptible to CAV infection and could also harbor the virus.
Keywords: Chicken anemia virus, polymerase chain reaction, backyard chickens, restriction endonuclease analysis.
Daniel Todd, Daniel Oladimeji Oluwayelu*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular evidence for the occurrence of two new luteoviruses in cool season food legumes in Northeast Africa
A. D. Abraham 1,2,3*, M. Varrelmann2 and H. J. Vetten1
1Federal Biological Research Center for Agriculture and Forestry (BBA), Institute of Plant Virology, Microbiology and Biosafety, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany.
2University of Göttingen, Institute of Plant Pathology and Plant Protection, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
3Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, National Plant Protection Research Centre, P.O. Box 37, Ambo, Ethiopia.
Accepted 4 January, 2019
Abstract
Some legume samples with yellowing and stunting symptoms from Ethiopia and Sudan that serologically reacted with a broad-spectrum luteovirus monoclonal antibody did not react or very weakly reacted with virus-specific antibodies suggesting the occurrence of new luteovirus variants. Reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR amplification, cloning, nucleotide sequencing and analysis of coat protein (CP) gene of a luteovirus isolate from chickpea in Sudan indicated that it shares a closest predicted amino acid sequence identity of only 66% with Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV). Since this is less than the accepted threshold value of 90% recommended for discriminating luteovirus species, the isolate is suggested to represent a distinct luteovirus for which the name Chickpea yellows virus (CpYV) is proposed. Similarly, a lentil isolate from Ethiopia shared a closest CP amino acid sequence identity of 86% with viruses of the Beet western yellows virus subgroup. Following the same criteria, this isolate represents another distinct luteovirus species for which the name Lentil stunt virus (LStV) is suggested. From faba bean, CP sequences of Turnip yellows virus were amplified from Egyptian and Moroccan samples whereas partial CP sequences of SbDV were amplified from Ethiopian, Syrian and Chinese samples. The study indicated that legume luteoviruses in northeast Africa are highly diverse.
Key words: Phylogenetic relationship, sequence alignment, Polerovirus, Luteoviridae.
Varrelmann M and Vetten H. J, Abraham A. D*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A survey of viral status on potatoes grown in Eritrea and in vitro virus elimination of a local variety ‘Tsaeda embaba’
Biniam, T.1 and Tadesse M2*
1National Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 4627, Halhale, Eritrea.
2University of Asmara, P.O. Box 1220, Asmara, Eritrea.
Accepted 20 December, 2018
Abstract
Potato viruses are the major causes of yield loss and reduction in quality of seed tubers in Eritrea. A study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of viruses in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown in Eritrea and to evaluate methods for their elimination. Leaf samples of two indigenous, (Tsaeda embaba and Keyih embaba) and three exotic varieties, (Ajiba, Spunta and Cosmos) were collected from fields growing potatoes in Maekel and Debub Administrative Zones and tested using the double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS ELISA) technique. Five of the six most important potato viruses, PVX, PVY, PLRV, PVS and PVA, were detected in single and multiple infections. Virus elimination techniques were tested using in vitro plantlets of T. embaba established from field-grown tubers. Presence of PVX, PLRV and PVS was confirmed by ELISA test. The plantlets were then subjected to thermotherapy treatment for one and two weeks at 37oC. The treatment was successful in eliminating only PLRV but failed to eliminate PVX and PVS. When meristem culture was combined with thermotherapy treatment for one week all three viruses PVX, PLRV and PVS were eliminated with a success rate of 86, 83 and 100%, respectively.
Key words: ELISA test, meristem culture, Solanum tuberosum L., thermotherapy, viruses.
T and Tadesse M*, Biniam
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Association of LEI0258 microsatellite alleles with antibody response against newcastle disease virus vaccine and body weight in two Tanzania chicken ecotypes
J. Lwelamira1, G. C. Kifaro2*, P. S. Gwakisa3 and P. L. M. Msoffe4
1Institute of Rural Development Planning, P.O. Box 138, Dodoma, Tanzania.
2Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania.
3Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania.
4Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Accepted 11 September, 2018
Abstract
A study was carried out to evaluate the prospects of using marker assisted selection (MAS) in improving primary antibody response against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine and body weight in two Tanzania chicken ecotypes, namely Kuchi and Tanzania Medium (MEDIUM). The study involved evaluation of the association between LEI0258 microsatellite alleles (a microsatellite located within the chicken Major Histocompatibility Complex) and primary antibody response and body weight. Results indicated that the allele 205 bp was significantly (P<0.001) positively associated with the elevated primary antibody responses against NDV vaccine, while the allele 307 bp was significantly (P<0.05) negatively associated with this trait. The allele 307 bp was also significantly (P<0.05) positively associated with body weight. However, based on the magnitude of R2 (which were less than 0.10), it was envisaged that incorporation of these alleles into breeding programs would results into marginal response and hence their use in resource poor countries may sometimes not be justified. Therefore use of cheaper methods for the chicken MHC typing was recommended.
Key words: Microsatellites, PCR, Newcastle-disease, body-weight, local-chicken.
G. C. Kifaro*, P. S. Gwakisa and P. L. M. Msoffe, J. Lwelamira
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