African Journal of Virology Research

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-003, April, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Effect of carbon source on the antimicrobial activity of Corynebacterium kutscheri and Corynebacterium xerosis

Nasser M. El-Banna

Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Science, Jerash Private University, Jerash, Jordan E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 02 January, 2014

Abstract

In an attempt to screen out new potent antimicrobial substances producing bacteria, Corynebacterium kutscheri NB-1 and Corynebacterium xerosis NB-2 were isolated and were found antagonistic to bacteria and fungi. Antimicrobial substances production of the bacterial strains was greatly influenced by variation of carbon sources. Galactose and glucose strongly enhanced the antimicrobial activity of Corynebacterium kutscheri and Corynebacterium xerosis, respectively. But their antimicrobial activity had been repressed by ribose and lactose, respectively.

Key words: Antimicrobial substances, Corynebacterium kutscheri, Corynebacterium xerosis, fermentation.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Colonization ability of Herbaspirillum spp. B501gfp1 in sugarcane, a non-host plant in the presence of indigenous diazotrophic endophytes

Joyce Prisca NJOLOMA¹*, Moriya OOTA², Kazuhiko TAROURA², Yuichi SAEKI¹ and Shoichiro AKA

¹Department of Biochemistry and Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.

²Miyako Branch, Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, Nishizato 2071-40, Hirara, 906-0012, Japan.

Accepted 21 August, 2013

Abstract

Inoculating sugarcane with a mixture of diazotrophic endophytic bacteria has shown that they can provide substantial amount of biologically fixed nitrogen to the plant. The genera of diazotrophic endophytes previously isolated from sugarcane have been reported associating with other non-leguminous plants showing a broad host range. This study examined the colonization ability of a wild rice isolate, Herbaspirillum spp., in sugarcane plants in the presence of indigenous endophytes using two inoculum concentrations (10² and 10⁸ bacterial cells ml^-1). Internal tissue colonization was observed in plants inoculated with both the 10² and 10⁸ B501gfp1 bacterial cells ml^-1 inoculum concentrations. However, extensive colonization and higher bacterial numbers were determined only in the basal stem tissues of plants inoculated with the 10⁸ bacterial cells ml^-1.

Key words: Sugarcane, wild rice isolate, indigenous endophytes, Herbaspirillum spp.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of acid hydrolysis of Garcinia kola (bitter kola) pulp waste on the production of CM-cellulase and β-glucosidase using Aspergillus niger

Caritas U. Okafoagu¹ and Humphrey C. Nzelibe²*

¹National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration and Control, Kaduna Area  Laboratory, Kaduna, Nigeria.

²Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Accepted 21 September, 2013

Abstract

Effect of acid hydrolysis of bitter kola (Garcinia kola) pulp wastes on the production of CM-cellulase and β-glucosidase using Aspergillus niger was investigated. Hydrolysis for 3 h with 2.5 M sulphuric acid yielded highest fermentable sugar. Acid hydrolysis enhanced CM-cellulase and β-glucosidase levels by 500% at 96 h and 200% at 120 h, respectively. Acid hydrolysed G. kola pulp wastes is a better substrate for the production of CM-cellulase and β-glucosidase compared with maize and rice husks.

Key words: Bitter kola pulp wastes, CM-cellulase, β-glucosidase, Aspergillus niger, acid hydrolysis.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Characterization of a mannose-binding lectin gene from Typhonium divaricatum (L.) Decne

Weiwen Kong ^2,1 Zhongxiang Deng², Jiong Fei¹, Qian Wang², Xiaofen Sun² and Kexuan Tang^1,2*

¹Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.

²State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Morgan-Tan International Center for Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

Accepted 18 October, 2013

Abstract

Monocot mannose-binding lectins (MMBLs) or agglutinins are an extended superfamily of structurally and evolutionarily related proteins and they play important roles in plant defenses. Here the full-length cDNA of monocot mannose-binding agglutinin (designated as TDA, GenBank accession no.: AY347940) was isolated from Typhonium divaricatum , a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. Sequence analysis revealed that the full-length cDNA of TDA was 870 bp, and had a 594 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative 197-aa agglutinin precursor with a C-terminal domain. Multiple alignments of TDA amino acids with those of seven other MMBLs revealed three highly conserved domains among them, indicating TDA belongs to a member of the MMBL superfamily. Predicted tertiary structure analysis showed that TDA had three potential equal mannose- binding sites. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 20 MMBLs including TDA belonged to an extended superfamily. Northern blot analysis showed that TDA expressed in T. divaricatum in a tissue-specific manner, with highest expression in tuber and almost no expression in petiole and leaf. The cloning and characterization of TDA will enable us to study its potential insect resistance function in the future.

Key words: cDNA cloning, expression, Typhonium divaricatum (L.) Decne, mannose-binding lectin.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

cDNA cloning and expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in wild potato (Solanum pinnatisectum)

Qi-Neng Lu^1,2, Qing Yang¹*

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.

²Department of Agronomy, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China.

Accepted 13 October, 2013

Abstract

The purple anthocyanins in potato tuber skin and flesh are primarily derived from petunidin. cDNA clones encoding the enzymes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DRF), and UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-0-glucosyltransferase (3GT), were isolated from Solanum pinnatisectum by RT-PCR with degenerated primers. Sequence comparison showed that they share 76-96% identities with each corresponding solanaceous gene reported previously. Each gene is a member of a multigene family. The spatial expression analysis indicated that these genes were preferentially expressed in flowers, stolons and terminal buds, and their transcripts could not detected in roots except 3GT. All the genes were induced expression in tuber skins by white light, and followed by anthocyanin accumulation. This is the first report cloning and expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in wild potato (Solanum pinnatisectum).

Key words: Anthocyanin, expression, gene cloning, wild potato species.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Internet: A place for patent retrieval

P. Mukesh*, B. Sridevi, K. R. E Manoj and B.S. Anuradha

Department of Microbiology, Chaitanya Degree and P.G. College, Kishanpura, Hanamkonda, Warangal 506001, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Accepted 24 October, 2013

Abstract

Countries design patent laws according to their respective economic interest. Before one files intellectual property one should know the regimes under which his intellectual property is placed. Intellectual properties are always of intense debate. The basic reason for the controversies is due to lack of transdisciplinary approaches to address patent concepts. In this present mini- review, we are presenting some web links that will help any researcher to get acquainted with the rules and regulation of filling an intellectual property of some countries as internet is now viewed as the place form where retrieval of information is possible with in seconds.

Key words: Biotechnology, intellectual property rights, Patents, Internet application.