ISSN 2756-3413
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Larvicidal properties of Lepidagathis alopecuroides and Azadirachta indica on Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus
Obomanu , F. G.1*, Ogbalu, O. K.2, Gabriel, U. U.3, Fekarurhobo, G. K.1, and Adediran, B. I.1
1Department of Chemistry, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
2Entomology Unit, Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
3Department of Fisheries, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Accepted 11 September, 2019
Abstract
Comparative analysis of the larvicidal properties of aqueous extracts of leaves of Lepidagathis alopecuroides and Azadirachta indica (neem) was carried out on Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus. Assays showed that L. alopecuroides was more toxic to both larvae, while C. quinquefasciatus was more susceptible to extracts of both plants. For extracts from 500 mg of leaves in 1 L of water, the lethal time (LT50) for C. quinquefasciatus and A. gambiae with L. alopecuroides extract was in the ratio 1:4.5, while it was 1:21.8 with neem extract. No mortality was recorded in A. gambiae exposed to neem at all the concentrations until the emergence of the adult. The results suggest that L. alopecuroides is more potent than neem and could be developed as a cheap, effective and renewable resource that could be incorporated into the Roll Back Malaria program in Nigeria and other countries.
Key words: Lepidagathis alopecuroides, Azadirachta indica, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles gambiae, larvicide.
O. K, Ogbalu , Fekarurhobo , F. G*, Obomanu , B. I, Gabriel , U. U, G. K and Adediran
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Protection of rats by extracts of some common Nigerian trees against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity
Ojo, O. O.1, Nadro, M. S.2 and Tella, I. O.3
1Department of Integrated Science, Federal College of Education, Yola, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria.
3Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria.
Accepted 22 October, 2019
Abstract
Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca, Khaya senegalensis, Prosopis africana and Vitellaria paradoxa were screened for their phytochemical constituents. Stem barks of the species were also investigated for hepatoprotective effects in Wistar albino rats. Different groups of animals were pre- treated with 100 mg/kg body weight of plant extracts for 10 days and administered with paracetamol (2 g/kg) on the 10th day. The effect of the extracts on serum transaminase and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in the rats. The leaf, stem and root extracts of all the plants except Vitellaria paradoxa showed preponderance of saponin and tannin. Phlobatannin, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones were observed in concentrations ranging between 10 to 100 mg/kg plant material. Stem bark extracts of the four plants produced significant (P < 0.05) hepatoprotective effects by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes. Values recorded for AST, ALT and ALP were significantly lower compared to those recorded for control rats. A higher inhibition of serum level elevation of ALP was observed with the four extracts. From these results, it was suggested that the extracts could protect the liver cells from paracetamol-induced liver damages perhaps by eliminating the deleterious effects of toxic metabolites from the drug.
Key words: Balanites aegyptiaca, Khaya senegalensis, Prosopis africana, Vitellaria paradoxa, hepatoprotective effect, paracetamol, transaminases, alkaline phosphatase.
O. O., M. S. and Tella, Ojo , Nadro , I. O.
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of acute and sub-chronic ammonium nitrate exposure on rat liver and blood tissues
Samira BENSOLTANE1, L. MESSERER2, Mustapha YOUBI2*, BERREBBAH Houria2, M. DJEKOUN2 and DJEBAR Med Réda2
1Faculté de Médecine, University of Badji Mokhtar, 23000 Annaba, Algerie.
2Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire, Université de Annaba, B.P. 23000, Algérie.
Accepted 16 October, 2019
Abstract
Use of fertilizers like ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) for agricultural purposes has increasingly contaminated the ecosystem with nitrate and/or nitrites. Nitrite is a toxic substance that can cause multiple physiological effects if allowed to build up to high concentrations in animals such as methemoglobinemia. This work is concerned with the study of short term (3 days intoxication) and mid-term (over 21 days) NH4NO3 exposure to wistar rats at the dose of 250 mg/Kg. Under these conditions, some hematological and biochemical parameters were affected. Methemoglobinemia, increase in serum nitrates as well as a hepatic cytotoxicity indicated by an increase in bilirubin and transaminases levels were observed.
Key words: Ammonium toxicity, Blood tissues, Methemoglobin, Bilirubin, Rat liver, Fertilizers.
BERREBBAH Houria, Mustapha YOUBI*, M. DJEKOUN and DJEBAR Med Réda, L. MESSERER, Samira BENSOLTANE
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Haematological and blood biochemical indices of West African dwarf goats vaccinated against Pestes des petit ruminants (PPR)
Aikhuomobhogbe, P. U. and Orheruata, A. M.*
Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Accepted 12 October, 2019
Abstract
The effect of Pestes des petit ruminants (PPR) vaccine on haemoglobin genotype, haematological and blood biochemical indices of forty randomly selected West African dwarf (WAD) goats were studied. Packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), neutrophil (NEU), lymphocyte (LYM), albumin (ALB), total blood protein (TBP), and globulin (GLO) concentrations were evaluated regarding body weight, sex, location and Peste des petit ruminants vaccine (PPRV) treatment on the traits. Haematological and blood biochemical determinations were performed pre- and 14 days post-vaccination against PPR with PPRV. Body weight, sex, location and PPRV had no influence on packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) but exerted significant (P<0.05) influence on post-vaccination neutrophil (NEU2), while sex and location significantly affected post-vaccination lymphocyte (LYM2). Males presented an overall lower number of lymphocyte, higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and white blood cells (WBC) than females. Post-vaccination albumin (ALB2) was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by weight group and location. The increase in the value of total blood protein (TBP), albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLO) concentrations at pre and post vaccination were not consistent. Only the HbAA genotype was found among the entire WAD goats tested, thus indicating the genetic uniformity of WAD goats’ population in Edo central, in terms of haemoglobin genotype. . The correlation between PCV and Hb concentration was high, positive and highly (P<0.001) significant. Low (r = -0.345), negative and significant (P<0.05) correlation was obtained between post -vaccination packed cell volume (PCV2) and post-vaccination white blood cells (WBC2) . The observed relationship between PCV and LYM as well as NEU, indicates that PCV levels could be used to assess the immune status of goats. A negative and highly significant (P<0.001) correlation existed between NEU and LYM (r = -0.98). Post-vaccination albumin (ALB2) had significant association with post vaccination globulin (GLO2). The results obtained in the study therefore suggest that PPR vaccine led to increased lymphocyte content and thus increased immunity. It is therefore advisable to vaccinate WAD goats in order to retain immunity status.
Key words: Haematological and biochemical indices, goats PPR vaccine.
Aikhuomobhogbe , A. M.*, P. U. and Orheruata
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Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Study of the bacteriological and physicochemical indicators of pollution of surface waters in Zaria, Nigeria
Vincent N. Agbogu1, Veronica J. Umoh1*, Charles A. Okuofu2, Stella I. Smith3 and Joseph B. Ameh1
1Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
2Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
3Genetics Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
Accepted 07 September, 2019
Abstract
This study investigates the pollution level of surface waters in Zaria, Nigeria. The bacteriological and physicochemical analyses performed were in accordance with standard procedures. Out of 228 samples from different sites, 128 (56.1%) had counts higher than the standards. Samaru stream was the most polluted. The frequency of contamination of samples with Escherichia coli O157 was only 2.2%. There was a positive correlation between faecal coliform count with most of the physicochemical parameters. The use of the surface waters as raw water for drinking, irrigation of food crops for raw consumption and for recreational activities may be hazardous. The study therefore, stresses on the need to control the faecal pollution of the bodies of water.
Key word: Surface waters, indicators of pollution, Escherichia coli O157.
Stella I. Smith and Joseph B. Ameh, Charles A. Okuofu, Vincent N. Agbogu, Veronica J. Umoh*
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 13 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Production of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against a Nigerian isolate of banana streak virus
Agindotan B.O.1,2,*, Thottappilly G.2, , Uwaifo A.1 and Winter S.3
1Biochemistry Department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
2International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria.
3DSM-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismem und Zellkulturen Abt. Pflanzenviren, Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany
Accepted 17 June, 2019
Abstract
Banana streak virus is serologically and genomically heterogenous worldwide and there has been the need to produce antibodies that can detect all known serotypes of this virus. Antibody production requires purified virus, since BSV titre is low in Musa tissues, there was the need for an efficient method of purifying the virus. We are reporting the first production of two monoclonal antibodies, BSV 3F9/1 and BSV 3D4/2, against an isolate of BSV. Culture fluids of BSV 3F9/1 and BSV 3D4/2 had antibody titres of 1:204,000 and 1:6400, respectively by ELISA. The two monoclonal antibodies detected all isolates of BSV that were detected by the homologous mouse polyclonal antibodies. Caesium gradient centrifugation reduced yield of BSV during purification. We described a method of purification, which excluded the caesium gradient step and yet increased BSV yield by about 15-fold. The virus preparation obtained by this new method was used to produce BSV-specific mouse and rabbit polyclonal antibodies. These BSV monoclonal antibodies together with the polyclonal antibodies were used for the detection of BSV.
Key words: Banana streak virus, monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, Musa, TAS-ELISA, polysynthetic antibodies, antigen-coated dot ELISA.
Uwaifo A and Winter S, Agindotan B.O*, Thottappilly G.,
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