African Journal of Virology Research

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 4 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2010. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Ascochyta blight correlation against Screening of chickpea germpalsm: Relative ability examination for various quantitative traits

Adnan Zano and Shahmeer Naeem

Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Punjab, P.O. Box No. 54590, Punjab, Pakistan.

Accepted 09 October, 2009

Abstract

The present study was conducted to estimate correlation and combining ability analysis among quantitative traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during 2008 to 2010. Ten chickpea varieties/lines (08-AG-004, CH-70/02, CH-76/02,. Nine lines viz. AUG-27, M-98, 114, 115, 117, 781, 1049, 4025, and 5006 exhibited moderately NOOR-91, K-70005, K-70008, K-70022, CM-2008, YN-08004 and K-70009) were evaluated for the source of resistance against Ascochyta rabiei but none was found highly resistant. However, four lines (08-AG-004, CH-70/02, CH-76/02 and NOOR-91) were moderately resistant and five lines (K-70005, K-70008, K-70022, CM-2008 and YN-08004) exhibited moderately susceptible reaction. Among twenty varieties/lines were evaluated for the source of resistance but none was found highly resistant and two lines 101 and 620 were resistant. However, four lines viz. Paidar-91, Pb-2000, 818 and 870 were found to be moderately resistantsusceptible reaction and three lines 205, 1205, and 1288 exhibited susceptible reaction. The genotypes Paidar-91, 620, PB-2000, 101 and 870 were crossed in 5 × 5 diallel fashion. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects for various quantitative traits like days taken to flowering, days taken to maturity, plant height, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, plant biomass, 100-seed weight, number of grains per plant and seed yield per plant were ascertained.

Key words: Ascochyta rabiei, Cicer arietinum , blight, chickpea, germplasm,  diallel.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 4 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2010. © International Scholars Journals

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Systemic opposition of green gram against leaf blight caused by (Macrophomina phaseolina)

Mansuri Rana, Rupesh Ashiq and Aarshit Virender

Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Anna University, P.O Box 564, Chennai, India.

Accepted 28 January, 2008

Abstract

Studies were conducted to develop the sustainable plant protection strategies against leaf blight of green gram incited by Macrophomina phaseolina by using plant extracts and fungicides under in vitro and in vivo conditions. In vitro studies indicated that plant leaf extracts of Adenocalymma alliaceum (77.20%) and Allium sp. (74.71%) demonstrated the highest inhibition of mycelia growth of M. phaseolina at 10% concentration. The results revealed the significant performance by foliar spray of carbendazim (0.1%), mancozeb (0.2%) and leaf extracts of A. alliaceum (10%), Allium sp. (10%) was more effective in reducing leaf blight disease in mungbean plants under greenhouse conditions. Further, induction of defense enzymes, such as peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), phenols and also chlorophyll content were studied. The enzyme accumulation was greater in treated plants as compared to untreated control. The present study revealed the induced systemic resistance (ISR) in enhancing the disease resistance in green gram plants against leaf blight disease by the application of plant extracts and fungicides.

Key words: Macrophomina phaseolina, induced systemic resistance (ISR), Adenocalymma alliaceum, Allium sp.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 3 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2009. © International Scholars Journals

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Rhizoctonia solani fungus behavior under faba bean cotyledons when distant from host

Muhab Abdallah and Ullah Abdula

Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Helwan University, P.O. Box: 77, Ciaro, Egypt.

Accepted 08 January, 2008

Abstract

Behavior of Rhizoctonia solani on their hosts was carried out-in many studies when the pathogen was in close proximity with its host. The purpose of this study was focused on the behavior of this fungus on faba bean cotyledons when it was away from the host and the effect of nutritional status on its pathogenicity was also taken into consideration. Observations led to speculation that R. solani feels its host even when it was away from it and begins to assemble its strength to grow toward the host then start to form its pathogenic structures when it reach it. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations which was carried out after 24, 48 and 72 h from exposing the pathogen to the host when the fungus was away from it revealed that when the hyphal pathogen feel the host, they swell and some hyphae begin to differentiate and appear very thick, forming likelihood mycelial strands and such hyphae grow vigorously and vertically toward the host. Starvation of the pathogen was found to be vital factor in R. solani pathogencity. Growing of the fungus on water ager led to dramatic increase in the pathogen. This strength was confirmed by visual determination of disease severity and by determination of polyphenol oxidase activity in infected cotyledons. These results exclude the role of host exudates in the attraction of the R. solani toward its host.

Key words: Scanning electron microscopic (SEM), polyphenol oxidase, disease severity, host exudates.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 3 (11), pp. 001-007, November, 2009. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Trichoderma species variety examination based on internal transcribed spacer

Karvan Raj* and Singh T.

Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, university of delhi, P.O. Box 7035, New Delhi, India.

Accepted 21 December, 2008

Abstract

The phylogeny of Trichoderma and the phylogenetic relationships of its species was investigated by maximum parsimony analysis and distance analysis of DNA sequences from multiple genetic loci 18S rDNA sequence analysis suggests that the genus Trichoderma evolved at the same time as Hypomyces and Fusarium and thus about 110 Myr ago 28S rDNA sequence analysis shows that the genus Trichoderma is part of a monophyletic branch within the Hypocreaceae. Most isolates of the genus Trichoderma were found to act as mycoparasites of many economically important aerial and soil-borne plant pathogens. Trichoderma has attained importance as a substitute for chemical pesticides and hence an attempt was intended to corroborate the positive relatedness of molecular and morphological characters. Two fungal strains, Trichoderma koningii T_k-5201/CSAU and Trichoderma virens T_vi-4177/CSAU were isolated from a soil sample collected from CSA Farm, Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The universal primers (internal transcribed spacer, ITS) were used for the amplification of 18S rRNA gene fragment and strains were thus characterized with the help of ITS marker. It is proposed that the identified strains T. koningii T_k-5201/CSAU and T. virens T_vi-4177/CSAU be assigned as the type strains of a species of genus Trichoderma based on phylogenetic tree analysis together with the 18S rRNA gene sequence search in Ribosomal Database Project, small subunit rRNA and large subunit rRNA databases. The sequence was deposited in GenBank with the accession numbers KC800923 and KC800924, respectively. Thus an integrated approach of morphological and molecular markers can be employed to identify a superior strain of Trichoderma for its commercial exploitation.

Key words: 18S ribosomal RNA gene, Trichoderma, phylogenetic analysis, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), DNA sequencing, GenBank.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 3 (10), pp. 001-005, October, 2009. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Development of Pleurotus Ostreatus with ethyl methyl sulfonate and UV light as mutagens

Karvan Raj* and Singh T.

Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, university of delhi, P.O. Box 7035, New Delhi, India.

Accepted 13 October, 2007

Abstract

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) is the choicest edible species cultivated in various regions of the world. Strain improvement studies were carried out in three strains of P. Ostreatus spp. Three strains of P. Ostreatus viz. PO-2, PO-6 and PO-7 were used for strain improvement, emphasizing on lower spore count and colour of the sporophore. It is a gymnocarpous genus of mushroom, which continuously release spores in its close vicinity causing various respiratory allergies. Their spores are highly potent allergens which can also cause exogenous allergic alveolitis. Attempts were made to produce low sporing strains of P. Ostreatus through mutagenesis using physical mutagen (UV light) and chemical mutagen (ethyl methyl sulfonate, EMS). Spores of three strains of P. Ostreatus spp. were given different treatments with UV light and EMS. Mutants exhibited appressed mycelial growth and showed slower spawn run and creamish white sporophore in PO 7(U4). A lower spore count was also observed in PO-7(E3) mutant as compared to control.

Key words: Pleurotus, UV light, ethyl methyl sulfonate, mutagens.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 3 (9), pp. 001-007, September, 2009. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Variety of dermatophytoses in Jaipur India

Shazadi Rasheed, Wasiq Malik and Kamran Nouman

Laboratory of Microbiology, Amity University, P.O. Box 345019, Noida, India.

Accepted 15 December, 2007

Abstract

In order to determine the extent and causative agent of ringworm infections in Jaipur area, a study was done in outdoor patient Department of Skin, SMS Hospital, Jaipur. Out of 196 diagnosed cases, 148 were found to be positive by KOH examination while culture positive cases were 160. Trichophyton rubrum was the most common etiological type reported from 53 cases followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (23 cases). Trichophyton verrucosum, Trichophyton ferrugineum, Trichophyton concentricum, Trichophyton megninii, Microsporum canis, Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum fulvum were reported for the first time in Jaipur. Scopulariopsis sp., Paceilomyces sp. and Curvularia sp. were also reported for the first time from human skin in Jaipur. Tinea corporis was the most common clinical type reported from all age groups. Tinea cruris was the second most common clinical type, followed by tinea capitis, tinea manuum, tinea unguium, etc. These infections were observed more frequently in the age group of 21-30 (26 %), followed by 31-40 (18.8%) and 11-20 (16.3%). Males (75.5%) were more infected than females (24.5%).

Key words: Dermatophytoses, ring worm, tinea infection, Trichophyton, Microsporum.