African Journal of Virology Research

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 2756-3413 Vol. 18 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Hematological Responses of Cyprinus carpio to Cypermethrin: An Analysis of Toxicity and Recovery Potential

Sahar Masud1* and I. J. Singh2

1Division of Livestock Production and Management, F.V. Sc & AH, SKUAST-Jammu, India.
2Department of Fishery Biology, C.F.Sc., G.B.P.U.A. & T. Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.

Accepted 12 January, 2024

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the lethality of cypermethrin “pyrethroid” (25% EC with 100% purity) on common carp, Cyprinus carpio (fingerlings). The effect was assessed on the basis of impact of short term exposures of its below safe concentrations (1/2 (0.05 µl/L) and 1/10 (0.01 µl/L) parts of safe concentration) on some hematological parameters. The sub-lethal exposure studies were done on the same day and after 7 days of exposure. Hematological recovery was also studied by maintaining the pesticide-exposed fish in a fresh water system for an additional 7 days. The hematological analysis showed significant reduction in red blood cells (RBCs) count and hemoglobin (Hb) value while total white blood cells (WBCs) count were significantly increased in the fish C. carpio. Complete recovery was obtained in all the parameters after a recovery period of 7 days.

Key words: Cypermethrin, Cyprinus carpio, hematology, recovery.
 

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 2756-3413 Vol. 18 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2024. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Advancing Biofuel Technology: Mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Improved Furfural Resilience and Bioethanol Output

Rahimian Zarif Bahareh¹* and Azin Mehrdad²

¹Department of  biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Ashrafi Esfahani Highway, Simon Bolivar Blvd., Tehran 1477893855, Iran.

²Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, 27, Shahid Mousavi St., Enghelab Ave., Tehran 15815-3538, Iran.

Accepted 18 November, 2023

Abstract

High ethanol yield is a desired property of industrial yeast strains. A significant problem in fermentative conversion of lignocellulosic materials to ethanol is the formation of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which are formed during acid hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Furfural has been known to create strong inhibition in metabolism of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this article, the result of random mutagenesis of a native strain of S. cerevisiae by ultra violet (UV) light and nitrous acid is presented. By screening the cells in the presence of furfural, a potent mutant was selected which produced 36.7% more bioethanol than the parent strain, in the presence of 0.2% (v/v) furfural.

Key words: Bioethanol, furfural, mutation, nitrous acid, Saccharomyces cerevisiae PTCC 5315, UV radiation.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 2756-3413 Vol. 17 (9), pp. 001-004, September, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Viral Load B among students at Kara Universityin Togo

Dossim S^1,2*, EL-Hadji Yakoubou R.³, Moumouni A-K ³, Maba D^1,2, Salou M.⁴, Dagnra A.Y.⁴, Prince David M⁴.

¹Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Kara.

²Fundamental Sciences Departement, Health Sciences Faculty, Université de Kara.

³Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Kara.

⁴Health Sciences Faculty, Université de Lomé.

Accepted Jul 4, 2023

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus is one of the silent viral threats. Its transmission is vertical and sexual, which makes it a risk for young people with high sexual activity. The objective of this study was to determine the viral load B in students enrolled in their first year of study at the University of Kara, a city in Togo. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from August to September 2021 among students who received a clinical examination and a biological check-up including screening for hepatitis B, C and HIV. Their consent was informed and positive patients were referred to the approved centers for management. Viral load was performed on Cobas Ampliprep, Roche Diagnostics ®. Of 600 students enrolled, HBsAg carriage was 15% (n= 92). Of these, 54 accepted to continue the study, the sex ratio (M/F) was 3.15; age ranged from 19 to 26. None of the students was symptomatic. Splenomegaly was found on ultrasound in 17% of them. Viral load was detectable in 79.6% (n=43). Most of them, 69.8% (n=30) had a viral load between 10 and 2000 IU/ml and 16.3% (n=7) had a viral load higher than 20,000 IU/ml. Viral hepatitis B in these students seems to have been acquired since childhood; education-information of the population of Kara is needed.

Keywords: AgHBs; HCV; HIV; prevalence; Viral load B, students; Togo.

African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 2756-3413 Vol. 17 (9), pp. 001-008, September, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Fibrolytic potential of spent compost of Agaricus bisporus to degrade forages for ruminants

Ayala, M.¹, González-Muñoz, S. S.²*, Pinos-Rodriguez, J. M.³, Vázquez, C.¹, Meneses, M.², Loera, O.⁴ and Mendoza, G. D.⁴

¹Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de, México City, México.

²Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Estado de México, México.

³Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México.

⁴Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidades Iztapalapa and Xochimilco, México City, México.

Accepted 28 March, 2023

Abstract

To evaluate the fibrolytic potential of spent compost of champignon mushroom (Agaricus bisporus; SCAB) on forage degradation, liquids from spent compost were extracted and then evaluated in vitro. Firstly, SCAB was recovered at 50, 60 and 90 days post-harvest and enzyme activity was evaluated. Celluloses activity was highest at 60 days; xylanases activity was not affected by post-harvest stage; laccases activity increased as post-harvest stage increased. Secondly, liquid extracts of SCAB obtained at 60 days post-harvest were refrigerated, frozen, lyophilized and refrigerated plus benzoic acid, frozen plus benzoic acid, frozen plus glycerol or frozen plus benzoic acid- glycerol and then, the fibrolytic activity was evaluated. Fibrolytic activity was highest in SCAB frozen plus glycerol, lyophilization and frozen plus benzoic acid. Finally, effects of SCAB were evaluated on degradation of alfalfa hay, Taiwan grass, barley straw and spent compost of A. bisporus. Dry matter soluble fraction of alfalfa and potential degradation of dry matter of Taiwan grass and barley straw were increased by SCAB. It was concluded that SCAB showed a high fibrolytic activity which would increase degradation of forages for ruminants.

Key words: Agaricus bisporus, degradation, fibrolytic enzymes, forages, ruminants.