ISSN 2756-3413
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 11 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Extraction and nutritional properties of Solanum nigrum L seed oil
J. R. Dhellot1*, E.Matouba1, 2 , M.G. Maloumbi1, J.M Nzikou1, M.G. Dzondo1, 2 ,M. Linder2, M.Parmentier2, S. Desobry2
1ENSP- Laboratoire de Valorisation des Agro ressources (LVAR) BP 69 Brazzaville – République du CONGO.
2ENSAIA – Laboratoire de Physico-chimie et Génie Alimentaires 2, avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy,
Accepted 19 April, 2016
Abstract
With the aim of diversifying the lipids sources eaten by the African populations and those of Congo Brazzaville in particular, a physicochemical study of Solanum nigrum L seeds was carried out and three chemical methods (Soxhlet, Bligh and Dyer, and Folch) were used to extract the oil. The dry matter content of the seeds is 94.22%. Average lipids content varies between 34.5 and 37.5% dry matter, proteins content is 17% dry matter and crude ash content averages 7.18% dry matter and the principal mineral element is Mg (180 mg/100g). The acid value of the oil is about 2.5, saponification value varies between 157.3 and 190.1, peroxide value is low at 5.13 and iodine is 102.33.The fatty acid compositions of S. nigrum seeds oil shows that it has 67.9% of linoleic acid, indicating its high unsaturation. Apart from linoleic acid, other prominent fatty acids were palmitic, stearic and oleic acids. The following average profile is: 18: 2n-6 > 18: 1 n-9 > 16: 0 > 18: 0. The oil is liquid at room temperature and green in colour. Oil viscosity varies between 20 and 35 mPa.s at 25°C. Three activation energies which vary between 0.8 to 26.58 kJ.mol-1 were determined using Arrhenius’s equation. The melting points estimated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry were found to be between -22.0 and -12.0°C for the Soxhlet and Folch-extracted oils. Bligh and Dyer oil have three melting points at -36.2, -15.2 and 33.7°C.
Key words: Oil, Solanum nigrum L, essential fatty acid, oil extraction, activation energy.
M.G. Dzondo, J.M Nzikou, E.Matouba , J. R. Dhellot*, M.G. Maloumbi, M. Linder, M.Parmentier and S. Desobry
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 11 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of organic nutrient on microbial utilization of hydrocarbons on crude oil contaminated soil
Ibekwe, V. I.1, Ubochi, K. C.2 and Ezeji, E. U.2*
1Dept. of Ind. Microbiology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria.
2Dept. of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria.
Accepted 22 November, 2016
Abstract
The effect of organic nutrient (poultry manure) on biodegradation of soil (5 kg) contaminated with crude oil (50 g) was investigated for seven weeks. Four different test options were prepared namely; (i) 100 g of contaminated soil + 30 g of poultry manure; (ii) 100 g of contaminated soil + 60 g of poultry manure; (iii) 100 g of contaminated soil + 90 g of poultry manure; (iv) 100 g of contaminated soil only (control). The microbial degradation was monitored by the measurement of total heterotrophic count (THC), hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial count (HUB) and gravimetric loss of the crude oil with time. The cumulative THC of 6.9x107, 9.0x107, 1.03x108 and 3.1x107 cfu/g were recorded for test options (i), (ii), and (iv), respectively. The hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial counts (HUB) were 1.68x105, 1.63x105, 1.9x105 and 4.8x104 cfu/g for tests options (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), respectively. There was a corresponding gravimetric hydrocarbon loss of 40.0, 45.26, 49.47 and 29.47% for test conditions (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv), respectively. The results of the study suggest that addition of organic nutrient (especially 90 g poultry manure) will further enhance microbial utilization of hydrocarbons.
Key words: Biodegradation, crude oil, poultry manure.
K. C. and Ezeji, E. U.*, Ibekwe , V. I., Ubochi
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 11 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in water, sediment and periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus var radula) from the Elechi Creek, Niger Delta
Davies O. A.*, Allison M.E and Uyi, H. S.
Fisheries Department, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Accepted 19 April, 2016
Abstract
The accumulation of three heavy metals; chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus var radula; shell and soft tissues), water and sediment collected from four stations along Elechi Creek course was studied. Elechi Creek receives effluents discharges from heavily industrialized and highly populated settlements. The water, sediment and periwinkles were processed and analyzed for heavy metals and the results showed that the sediment concentrated more heavy metals than the water while the periwinkles accumulated more of these metals than the sediment. Cr was the highest concentrated heavy metals in both the normal and depurated periwinkles. The biological concentration factor (BCF) revealed that these periwinkles have high potential to concentrate heavy metals in their shells and soft tissues, and it is directly proportionate to their sizes. However, the observed heavy metals concentrations in these animals are below the recommended limits for human consumption. This study therefore advocates environmental surveillance of this creek in order to achieve good sediment quality and contaminant-free periwinkles for safe human health.
Key word: Bioaccumulation, heavy metals, water, sediment, periwinkle, Elechi Creek.
H. S., Davies O. A.*, Allison M.E and Uyi
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 11 (2), pp. 001-009, February, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Heavy metal concentrations in Malapterurus electricus and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from Ogba River in Benin City, Nigeria
E.E. Obasohan1, J.A.O. Oronsaye2 and E.E. Obano2*
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ambrose-Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
2Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Accepted 16 November, 2016
Abstract
The concentrations of heavy metals in two tropical fish species ( Malapterurus electricus and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from Ogba river in Benin City, Nigeria, were investigated between November 2002 and October 2003 in order to ascertain the pollution status of the river. The results showed varying levels of accumulation of Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Cd in the fishes. The levels of Cu, Mn, Cr and Ni, in both fishes were higher than the WHO and FEPA recommended maximum allowable standards in food fish, while those of Zn, Pb and Cd were lower than the standards. The results suggest that the Ogba river system is contaminated with heavy metals and the consumption of fishes of the river could pose health hazards to man. Metal levels in water in Ogba River are lower than the recommended limiting standards and could be considered safe for drinking.
Key words: Heavy metals, bioaccumulation, fish, river, Nigeria.
J.A.O. Oronsaye and E.E. Obano*, E.E. Obasohan
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Enzyme treatment to decrease solids and improve digestion of primary sewage sludge
H.J. Roman, J.E. Burgess and B.I. Pletschke*
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
Accepted 09 October, 2016
Abstract
The aim of anaerobic digestion of primary sewage sludge is to convert the carbonaceous material contained in the solids into methane and carbon dioxide. The products of digestion are therefore gases, stabilised sludge solids which are subsequently dewatered and disposed of, and sludge liquor which is generally further treated. This investigation assessed the impact of addition of hydrolytic enzymes to anaerobic digesters. Cellulase and pronase E were added singly and in combination, and it was found that the mixture of the two enzymes resulted in an 80% reduction in solids (cf. 20% in the control), 93% removal of particulate chemical oxygen demand (COD) (59% in the control) and 97% total COD removal (vs. 63%). The total suspended solids (TSS) concentration was reduced by 80%, from 25 g/l to 5 g/l. Single enzymes had little or no impact on sludge solubilisation, and final COD and TSS, but all of the enzyme additions were seen to decrease the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Since accumulation of VFAs can lead to digester failure, it was concluded that the enzyme additives enhanced digester performance in terms of degradation of COD, reduction in sludge solids remaining after digestion and improved digester stability owing to the stable prevailing pH. The results indicate that enzyme addition at full scale could be expected to lead to greater methane yields, lower strength sludge liquors and a significant reduction in the requirements for and costs of digested sludge dewatering and disposal.
Key words: Biosolids, sludge management, sewage sludge, sludge production, dewatering, disintegration.
J.E. Burgess and B.I. Pletschke*, H.J. Roman
Page: 1 - 5
Short Communication
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Dano: A herbal solution for dandruff
J R Krishnamoorthy1, S. Ranganathan2*, S. Gokul Shankar2 and M. S. Ranjith2
1CCRAS, Govt. of India, No.6, Perumal Kovil Street, Kuntrathur, Chennaiv, India.
2Department of Microbiology, The New College, Chennai, India.
Accepted 10 October, 2016
Abstract
Dano, a poly-herbal hair oil was studied for anti -dandruff activity using microbiological and clinical tests. There was a clear symptomatic relief from dandruff in all the volunteers after 10 days of use. Further, the isolation of Pityrosporum ovale, the causative organism of the dandruff in culture was not possible after use of the Dano oil. The plant extracts is from Wrightia tinctoria (Indrajev), Cassia alata (Dadmari) and bitter fraction of Azadirachta indica (Neem or Nimba). Methylene blue reductase test was employed to study the anti-dandruff efficacy of the oil.
Key words: Pityrosporum ovale, dandruff, methylene blue reductase test.
S. Ranganathan*, S. Gokul Shankar and M. S. Ranjith, J R Krishnamoorthy
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