International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Enhancement of compatible solute and secondary metabolites production in Plantago ovata Forsk. by salinity stress

Zahra Haghighi¹, Naser karimi²*, Masoud Modarresi³ and Saeed Mollayi⁴

¹MsC, Young Researcher Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.

²Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

³Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

⁴Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 16 November, 2022

Abstract

Accumulation of toxic ions in plant tissues modulates the levels of primary and secondary metabolites, which may be related to salinity tolerance. In this study, the effects of salt stress (0 to 300 mM) on proline and secondary metabolites (total flavonoids and total saponins) of Plantago ovata (Isabgol) were investigated. This experiment was conducted hydroponically in a NaCl spiked solution. The results indicated a significant increase in proline, total flavonoids and total saponins with the enlargement of NaCl in the medium. Increase in proline content suggests that compatible solutes may contribute to osmotic adjustment at the cellular level and enzyme protection stabilizing the structure of macromolecules and organelles. Increase in total saponins and total flavonoids suggest that the presence of these metabolites is related to increased salt tolerance of P. ovata. The increased synthesis of saponins and flavonoids seems to protect P. ovata from ion-induced oxidative stress, probably due to a common structural skeleton; the phenyl group of those metabolites. Collectively, our results indicate that P. ovata has physiological traits associated with resistance to salinity through accumulation of secondary metabolites to relative high levels and it can be useful for growing, in saline contaminated sites.

Key words: Flavonoid, Plantago ovata, salt stress, saponin.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Feeding deterrents from the tubers of Boschniakia himalaica against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Jie Cao¹, Zhi Long Liu²*, Shu Shan Du^1* and Zhi Wei Deng³

¹State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.

²Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.

³Analytic and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.

Accepted 12 April, 2022

Abstract

In our screening program for new agrochemicals from Chinese medicinal herbs and local wild plants, MeOH/CHCl₃ extract of the tubers of Boschniakia himalaica was found to possess strong feeding deterrent activity against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. From the MeOH/CHCl₃ extract, three feeding deterrents were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. The constituent compounds were isolated and identified as 3β-acetoxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (1), 3β-acetoxyurs-28,13-olide (2) and (+)-pinoresinol monoglucoside (3) based on high-resolution electron impact mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 exhibited feeding deterrent activity against T. castaneum adults with ED₅₀ values of 378, 940 and 609 ppm, respectively.

Key words: Boschniakia himalaica, Tribolium castaneum, feeding deterrent.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 11 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Use of bioactive plant products in combination with standard antibiotics: Implications in antimicrobial chemotherapy

O. A. Aiyegoro and A. I. Okoh*

Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.

Accepted 23 April, 2022

Abstract

Nowadays, multiple antibiotic resistance by disease-causing microorganisms are a major public health problem. Antimicrobial compounds from plants have been found to be synergistic enhancers in that though they may not possess any antimicrobial properties alone, but when used concurrently with standard drugs they enhance the activity of the drug. The synergistic effect of the association of antibiotic and plant extracts against resistant pathogens leads to new choices for the treatment of infectious diseases. Also synergy between bioactive plant product and antibiotics will confront problems of toxicity and overdose since lesser concentrations of two agents in combination are required, due to these reasons, there is need therefore, for continuous exploration of multidrug resistance modulating principles from plants sources.

Key words: Medicinal plants, infectious diseases, synergism, resistance, antimicrobial, chemotherapy.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 11 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Ginseng metabolic engineering: Regulation of genes related to ginsenoside biosynthesis

Yun-Soo Kim, Jung-Yeon Han, Soon Lim and Yong-Eui Choi*

Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Kangwon-do, Korea

Accepted 16 February, 2022

Abstract

Panax ginseng is one of the most famous and widely used medicinal plants. It is generally believed that ginsenosides, tetracyclic triterpenoids, are mainly responsible for the pharmacological activities of ginseng. The genes coding for enzymes of biochemical pathways involved in triterpene biosynthesis are of considerable interest in the area of ginseng biotechnology. Upregulation of phytosterol and triterpene production by metabolic engineering of P. ginseng is an attractive strategy to achieve a higher medicinal value. A more detailed understanding of genes involved in saponin biosynthesis could facilitate the genetic modification of plants with altered or novel saponin content. Here the recent advances on the ginseng biotechnology particularly on the identification and characterization of genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway were introduced.

Key words: Expressed sequence tags, ginsenoside, Panax ginseng, secondary metabolite, triterpene.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 11 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Application of plant biotechnology in the medicinal plant, Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz

Sang Un Park¹, Nam Il Park¹, Yong Kyoung Kim¹, Seung Yeon Suh¹, Seok Hyun Eom² and Sook Young Lee^3,*

¹Division of Plant Science and Resources, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305- 764, Korea.

²Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Giheung-Gu, Yongin, Gyeonggido 446-701, Korea.

³Research Center for Oral Disease Regulation of the Aged, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, 501-759, Korea.

Accepted 16 January, 2022

Abstract

Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz, a medicinal plant, is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. Chinese foxglove has a variety of beneficial effects and pharmacological actions on the blood, immune, endocrine, cardiovascular and nervous systems. Chinese foxglove is propagated conventionally through the roots. Therefore, a number of studies have reported in vitro plant regeneration, micropropagation and plant transformation of R. glutinosa from the culture of several explants for multiple propagations and plant improvement. This review summarize previous and current information regarding the application of plant biotechnology (plant regeneration, micropropagation, hairy root culture and plant transformation) in R. glutinosa and provide new insights for future study in this discipline.

Key words: Hairy root culture, micropropagation, plant regeneration, plant transformation, Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 11 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Chromolaena odorata in livestock nutrition

S. O. Aro¹*, I. B. Osho¹, V. A. Aletor¹ and O. O. Tewe²

¹Department of Animal Production and Health, the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

²Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 December, 2021

Abstract

This paper seeks to review the nutritional values of Chromolaena odorata (C.O.), an erstwhile obnoxious plant. The food and medicinal values of this plant, aside from its agronomic importance were mentioned as part of the introductory pieces of information on its use in livestock production. The plant has assumed an enigmatic status of sort, to the herbalists, the agronomists and the livestock nutritionists alike, but recent research efforts as reviewed in this article, such as its use in the formulation of layers diets, its influence on performance, nutrient digestibility, mineral utilization, blood and biochemical indices of monogastrics as well as its acceptance and high preference score recorded on the West African dwarf goats are quickly changing the perception of the plant as a noxious weed to one of immense medicinal and nutritional potentials only waiting for mankind to continue to tap and benefit from.

Key words: Chromolaena odorata, agronomic, monogastrics, nutritionists, obnoxious