International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (2), pp. 001-003, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Samanea saman

R. Naveen Prasad*, S.Viswanathan, J. Renuka Devi, Vijayashree Nayak, V. C. Swetha, B. R. Archana, N. Parathasarathy and Johanna Rajkumar

Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai -602105, Tamil Nadu., India.

Accepted 22 November, 2019

Abstract

Samanea saman is a tropically distributed medicinal plant. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of this plant was investigated by Well-diffusion method against three organisms: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The plant extract showed inhibitory activity against all the tested organisms. Five mg/ml inhibited the growth of E. coli but slightly higher concentration of 10 mg/mL was necessary to show inhibition against S. aureus and C. albicans. Phytochemical screening of the plant revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoides, saponins, steroids, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids. The study scientifically validates the use of plant in traditional medicine.

Key words: Samanea saman, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides and flavonoides.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antioxidant property of selected Ocimum species and their secondary metabolite content

F. Lukmanul Hakkim, Girija Arivazhagan*, R. Boopathy

Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

Accepted 12 September, 2019

Abstract

In this study, chemical composition and antioxidative properties of eight selected Ocimum species (Ocimum gratissimum, Ocimum americanum, Ocimum minimum, Ocimum citriodorum, Ocimum kilimandscharicum, Ocimum grandiflorum, Ocimum lamiifolium, and Ocimum selloi) was investigated. Leaves of these plants were extracted using methanol. The quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Total phenolic content was estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and antioxidant activity was assessed using iron (III) reduction, -carotene–linoleic acid bleaching, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide anion free radical scavenging assays. Phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamates, and flavonoids were identified and quantified within each extracts based on the area of each peaks with an external standards. The extracts of Ocimum species exhibited activity in all the in vitro antioxidant assays but it was not as potent as butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA). The phytochemicals found in each extract are rich antioxidants and these extracts can be used as an effective preservative in food industry.

Key words: Ocimum species, antioxidant activity, free radicals, total phenols, HPLC, secondary metabolites.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Gastroprotective and antioxidant activities of Phyllanthus amarus extracts on absolute ethanol-induced ulcer in albino rats

O. S. Shokunbi¹* and A. A. Odetola²

¹Biochemistry Unit, Chemical and Environmental Sciences Department, Babcock University, Nigeria.

²Nutritional and Industrial Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 October 2019

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate the gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of aqueous and acetone extracts of Phyllanthus amarus leaves in albino rats. P. amarus extracts (500 and 1000 mg/Kg) as well as cimetidine (100 mg/Kg) was administered orally once a day for two weeks before challenge with absolute ethanol (1 ml/ 200 g body wt). Pretreatment with P. amarus aqueous extract (500 mg/Kg) and cimetidine inhibited the ulceration damage of absolute ethanol by 59.3 and 41.2% and decreased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by 35%, 24% and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 7 and 6% respectively. The acetone extract (1000 mg/Kg) also significantly increased (P < 0.01) the absolute ethanol mediated decrease in the activities of gastric mucosal catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) by 53, 8 and 33% respectively. Cimetidine respectively caused 52, 14 and 38% significant (P< 0.01) increase on the absolute ethanol-induced decrease in the activities of CAT, SOD and GST. Furthermore, P. amarus aqueous extract (500 mg/Kg) and cimetidine were noted to increase the activities of liver CAT by 18 and 20%, SOD by 25 and 19% and GST by 122 and 54% respectively. However, the liver thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) values of all the groups pretreated with P. amarus extracts and cimetidine were not significantly different (P < 0.05) from the ethanol group. In this study, P. amarus extracts appears to act as an in vivo natural antioxidant and an effective gastroprotective agent that is as effective as cimetidine. P. amarus may also offer protection against toxic effects of alcohol to the liver.

Key words: Phyllanthus amarus, gastroprotective activity, antioxidant activity, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), acute toxicity.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Increase in flavonoids content in red onion peel by mechanical shredding

Sameh F. AbouZid¹ and Gamal M. Elsherbeiny²

¹Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Sueif University, Beni-Sueif, Egypt.

²Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Sueif University, Beni-Sueif, Egypt.

Accepted 19 October, 2019

Abstract

Quercetin, a bioflavonoid extracted from red onion peel, has a marked inhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase 5A. Mechanical shredding of red onion peel increased its total flavonoid content two fold compared to control. Change in individual flavonoid content was studied using HPLC. Quercetin 4'-O- -glucopyranoside showed the highest increase in content after shredding with slight change in quercetin content. Radical scavenging activity was assayed using DPPH. Extract of the shredded peel showed lesser activity (19.7%) compared to the control (31.2%).

Key words: Allium cepa, Alliacea, red onion peel, flavonol, quercetin 4'-O-ß-glucopyranoside.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anti-diabetic activity of Syzygium cumini and its isolated compound against streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

A. Kumar^1*, R. Ilavarasan², T. Jayachandran¹_, M. Deecaraman¹, P. Aravindan¹, N. Padmanabhan¹ and M. R. V.Krishan¹

¹M.G.R.University, Maduravoyal, Chennai-600 095, India.

²Captain Srinivasa Muthi Drug Research Institute for Ayurveda & Siddha, Chennai-600 109, India.

Accepted 25 October, 2019

Abstract

Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) is widely used traditional system of medicine to treat diabetes in India. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify the putative antidiabetic compound from the S. cumini [SC] seed. A compound, mycaminose was isolated from SC seed extract. The isolated compound mycaminose (50 mg/kg) and ethyl acetate [EA] and methanol [ME] extracted compounds of S. cumini seed (200 and 400 mg/kg) was undertaken to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rates. The compound ‘Mycaminose’ and ethyl acetate and methanol extracted produced significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood glucose level. The standard drug, glibenclamide (1.25 mg/kg) also produced significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood glucose level against STZ-induced diabetic rats. The results of this experimental study indicate that isolated compound ‘Mycaminose’, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts possess anti-diabetic effects against STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Key words: Syzygium cumini, ethyl acetate, methanol, mycaminose, anti-diabetic.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in callus and cell cultures of Agastache rugosa Kuntze

Hui Xu¹, Yong Kyoung Kim¹, Xuanji Jin¹, Sook Young Lee², Sang Un Park¹*

¹Division of Plant Science and Resources, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.

²Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.

Accepted 08 September, 2019

Abstract

Callus and cell suspension cultures of Agastache rugosa were established to investigate the production of rosmarinic acid in vitro. For callus induction 2,4-D treatment was more effective than that of NAA. The best callus induction rate (92%) and callus growth A. rugosa were obtained in MS medium containing 2 mg/l 2, 4-D. In cell suspension culture of A. rugosa, the maximum growth (7.7 g/l) and the highest rosmarinic acid production (11.5 mg/g) were attained in the liquid B5 medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/l BAP at 10 days after culture. The present results demonstrate that cell culture of A. rugosa might be an alternative approach for the production of rosmarinic acid.

Key words: Agastache rugosa, callus, cell suspension, rosmarinic acid