ISSN 2169-303X
Research Article
International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Phytochemical and biological investigation of chloroform and ethylacetate fractions of Euphorbia heterophylla leaf (Euphorbiaceae)
Abiodun Falodun1*, Sajjad Ali2, Irfan Mohammed Quadir2 and Iqbal M. I Choudhary2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
2H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Accepted 10 January, 2020
Abstract
Euphorbia heterophylla Linn (Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinal plant used by traditional herbal practitioners in Nigeria and some parts of West Africa for the treatment of constipation, bacterial and inflammatory disease conditions (arthritis and rheumatism). Powdered plant material was subjected to phytochemical screening using standard experimental procedures. The crude powdered sample of Euphorbia heterophylla leaves was extracted with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol. The precipitates from the fractions were subjected to chromatographic and re-crystallization procedures. The structures of isolated compounds were characterized and elucidated with chemical and spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR and MS experiments. The in vitro biological activity of the isolated and characterized compounds were evaluated by superoxide scavenging assay using xanthine – xanthine oxidase system to generate superoxides. The result of the study showed that the crude plant material contained some secondary metabolites such as saponins, flavonoids and tannins. The phytochemical investigation led to the isolation of four known compounds stigmasterol, - stigmasterol glucoside, benzoic acid and 4 – hydroxyl benzoic acid. The four compounds exhibited good activity against the xanthine oxidase enzymes while the 4-hydroxybenzoic acid showed a marked activity. The isolation of the compounds from the leaves of E. heterophylla, which inhibited the xanthine oxidase enzyme, has justified the claims for which the plant is known and used.
Key words: Euphorbia heterophylla, euphorbiaceae, xanthine oxidase activity, superoxide scavenging, steriods.
Sajjad Ali, Irfan Mohammed Quadir and Iqbal M. I Choudhary, Abiodun Falodun*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of propolis from Tamil Nadu zone
Nilesh kumar*, Mueen Ahmad K. K., Raman Dang and Ahmed Husain
Department of Pharmacognosy, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Hosur road, Bangalore.
Accepted 14 November 2019
Abstract
Propolis, a natural product honeybee, has been used for thousands of years in folk medicine for several purposes. In this work, we have investigated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of propolis collected from west zone of India that is, Gujarat. The antimicrobial activity was done by agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Asparagus niger. Ethanolic extracts of sample showed high antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (B. subtilis) but least activity against Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa and E. coli). The yeast C. albicans showed the moderate zone of inhibition where as A. niger did not show any activity. Pet. ether and chloroform extracts did not show any activity. The maximum zone of inhibition of the ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) was found against the B. subtilis at the conc. 200 mg/ml where as the least was in the 40% methanolic extracts. The free radical scavenging effect of propolis as well as of vitamin C in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical system was determined. The free radical scavenging activity of EEP was 70.96% and 72.97% respectively in the concentration range of 100 mcg at the difference of 30 min and 1hr respectively. The result of free radical scavenging effect of vitamin C was 94.7% at 100 mcg and 93.4% at 10 mcg. The methanolic extracts showed the least free radical scavenging when compared to the 40% methanolic and ethanolic extract of the propolis.
Keywords: Propolis, ethanolic extracts of propolis, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl.
Nilesh kumar*, Mueen Ahmad K. K., Raman Dang and Ahmed Husain
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Phytochemical Screening and antibacterial activity of extracts from Pakia Clapperotoniana keay against human pathogenic bacteria
D. Kubmarawa1*, M. E. Khan2, A. M. Punah1 and Hassan1
1Department of Chemistry School of Pure and Applied Sciences Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 2076, Yola, Nigeria.
2Department of Chemistry Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria.
Accepted 15 November 2019
Abstract
Pakia clapperotoniana keay has medicinal properties for the effective management of several ailments including tuberculosis. To establish the pharmacological rationale, for its traditional use, the powdered root, stem- bark and leaves were extracted with water and ethanol. All fractions were subjected to phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity against, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the disc-diffusion method. The extracts contained saponnins, tannins, flavanoids, glycosides but no resin. The roots and stem-bark fractions were more active on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp. and Baccilus subtilis, than the leaves fraction. These findings support the claim for its treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.
Key words: Pakia clapperotoniana keay, phytochemical, antimicrobial activity, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
A. M. Punah and Hassan, D. Kubmarawa*, M. E. Khan
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Research Article
International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Responses of Bacopa monnieri to salinity and drought stress in vitro
Mousumi Debnath
Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jaipur Engineering College and Research Centre, JECRC Foundation, Tonk road, Jaipur, India -303905. E-mail:[email protected].
Accepted 22 November, 2019
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri has been chosen as a model medicinal plant to study the abiotic stress (salinity and drought) under in vitro system. Distinct morphological changes on organogenesis and callogenesis were observed on stress application. The proline and protein content was also investigated and it was found that the proline increases whereas protein content decreases on stress in the plants under in vitro conditions.
Key words: Bacopa monnieri, morphogenesis, drought stress, proline, protein, salinity stress.
Mousumi Debnath
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Hepatoprotective activity of leaves of Rhododendron arboreum in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats
T. Prakash1*, Snehal Dayalal Fadadu1, Uday Raj Sharma1, V. Surendra1, Divakar Goli1, Perfect Stamina1 and D. Kotresha2
1Department of Pharmacology, Acharya and BM. Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore-560 090, Karnataka, India.
2Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Karnataka, India.
Accepted 17 October, 2019
Abstract
The study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of pre-treatment with ethanolic extract of leaves of Rhododendron arboreum against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rat model. Liver damage was induced in experimental animals by administering CCl4. The ethanolic extract of R. arboreum (40, 60 and 100 mg/kg, po) was given for five days. Silymarin (100 mg/kg, po) was given as the reference drug. Hepatoprotective effect was studied by assaying the activities of serum marker enzymes like SGPT, SGOT, ALP, direct and total bilirubin, triglycerides, cholesterol and estimation of ascorbic acid in urine. The activities of all the marker enzymes registered a significant elevation in CCl4 treated rats, which were significantly recovered towards an almost normal level in animals co-administered with ethanolic extract of leaves of R. arboreum at a dose of 60 and 100 mg/kg. Ethanolic extract of leaves of R. arboreum prevented decrease in the excretion of ascorbic acid in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Histopathological analysis confirmed the biochemical investigations. The results indicate that leaves of R. arboreum possess hepatoprotective property possibly because of its reported anti-oxidant activity. This property may be attributed to the quercetin related flavonoids, saponins and phenolic compounds present in the leaves of R. arboreum.
Key words: Hepatoprotective, Rhododendron arboreum, ascorbic acid, carbon tetrachloride, flavanoids
V. Surendra, Divakar Goli, T. Prakash* , Uday Raj Sharma, Snehal Dayalal Fadadu, Perfect Stamina and D. Kotresha
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Research Article
International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of three plant extracts (Ocimum gratissimum, Acalypha wilkesiana and Acalypha macrostachya) on post harvest pathogen of Persea americana
Erute Magdalene Ogbo* and A. E. Oyibo
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
Accepted 16 October, 2019
Abstract
Disease assessment of Persea americana (Avocado) in a local market in Delta State Nigeria showed that only 7% of the fruits were healthy. 36% of the avocado fruits had Cercospora spot; 28% had Diotherella rot and 29% had anthracnose. Plant extracts of three different species; Ocimum gratissimum, Acalypha wilkesiana and Acalypha macrostachya were assessed for inhibitory effect on the radial growth of Cercospora purpurea. Ethanol extracts of the three plants caused total inhibition of C. purpurea. Crude extract of sterilized and un-sterilized water significantly reduced the radial growth of the fungus. However, the fungistatic effect of O. gratissimum was highest and was followed by A. macrostachya and then A. wilkesiana.
Key words: Plant extracts, inhibition, cercospora spot, antifungal, disease assessment.
Erute Magdalene Ogbo*, A. E. Oyibo
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