International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN: 2169-303X Vol. 5 (4), pp. 244-250, April, 2016.© International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anthelminthic in vitro efficacy of immature fruits of M. indica for the control of Strongyloides stercoralis.

Mohamed Mahfouz Sharif

Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University Cairo, Egypt.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 22 March, 2016

Abstract

Infections with Strongyloides stercoralis and other helminths represent important, yet often neglected issues in developing countries. Indeed, strongyloidiasis can be fatal, but only a few studies provide information regarding its health relevance in Africa. S. stercoralis is an intestinal nematode that can persist in the human host for decades after the initial infection and can progress to fulminant hyperinfection syndrome in immunocompromised hosts, and the rapid development of nematode resistance to anthelminthics has limited the success of control in several countries, stimulating the search for alternatives. In this study, extracts of immature fruits of the mango Mangifera indica L. were evaluated for inhibition of larval development. In the phytochemical analyses, tannins and flavonoids were the metabolites identified. Aqueous extracts of immature fruits at 100 mg ml⁻¹ showed 100% inhibition of larval development. In vitro results indicate that this fruit could assist S. stercoralis control.

Key words: Strongyloides stercoralis, strongyloidiasis, helminthes, host.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN: 2169-303X Vol. 5 (4), pp. 262-267, April, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Identification of phytochemical constituents of L. nodiflora using TLC and chemical derivatization method

A. P. Abdul¹, T. O. Ranvid² and Anikesh V. Sindura²*

¹Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India.

²Shree Bapalal Vaidhya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University,

Surat, Gujarat, India.

E-mail: [email protected] 

Accepted 30 March, 2016

Abstract

There are a numbers of bioactive compounds in plants, such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, sterols, triterpenes, etc., noted to have the major role in nutrition, physiology and control of diseases. Triterpenoids constitute one of the most characteristic classes of compounds in higher plants. The foremost important task in this paradigm is the screening of these compounds in the plants. The chromatographic study of the compounds serves to be a very useful and reliable source in the process of bioactive compounds screening in plants. According to the ethnobotanical information, it has been reported that the plant Lippia nodiflora possesses the antihypertensive potential. Hence in the present study, an attempt has been made to identify the phytochemical constituents of L. nodiflora using TLC and chemical derivatization method. Further, the isolation of the same compound is carried out by preparative HPTLC using the standardized solvent system viz., hexane: toluene: ethyl acetate (2:15:0.5). The confirmation of the isolation was done by GC-MS.

Key words: Preparative HPTLC, isolation of triterpenoids, Lippia nodiflora, solvent system for triterpenoids separation.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN: 2169-303X Vol. 5 (1), pp. 173-177, January, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper                                 

Hypoglycemic effect of Phragmanthera incana (klotzsch) on alloxan- induced diabetic albino rats

^{*1, 2}Ogunmefun, O.T., ²Fasola, T.R., ³Saba, A.B, ³Oridupa, O.A. and ⁴Adarabioyo, M.I.

¹Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

²Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

³Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Statistics, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 23 July, 2014

Abstract

Anti-diabetic effect of Phragmanthera incana, a mistletoe species growing on Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) and Cola nitida (Kolanut) were investigated based on its ethnomedicinal claims for treatment and management of diabetes in Nigeria. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (100mg/kg) in albino rats. After 4 days monitoring, rats with RBS of ≥150mg/dl were considered diabetic and included in the study. Eight groups of diabetic rats (n=5), and a ninth group of non-diabetic rats were used for the study. Three groups of diabetic rats were assigned to each extract and administered doses of 200, 400 or 800mg/kg. One group was administered with glibenclamide and the eighth group was left untreated. RBS were monitoring within 24 hours and days 3, 7, 10 and 14 post-administration of extracts. The extracts reduced RBS within 1 hour post-administration of the extract, and through the course of the experiment. Twenty four hours post-administration of extracts, rats administered 800mg/kg exhibited the lowest RBS, but in the overall, 400mg/kg dose achieved the best control of blood glucose levels. The extracts achieved a more significant control of blood glucose levels than glibenclamide. This study justifies the use of this plant in ethnomedicine for management of diabetes mellitus.

Key words: Phragmanthera incana, theobroma cacao, cola nitida, alloxan, diabetes.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN: 2169-303X Vol. 5 (4), pp. 228-233, April, 2016. © International Scholars Journals 

Full Length Research Paper

Protective effect of PM pericarp extract on renal histological changes of alloxan-induced diabetes

Aliando Andriana*, Sri Mulyani Syarief and Krisdayanti Nike

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 6 March, 2016

Abstract

Global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing all over the world, resulting in higher prevalence of diabetic complication. Diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent complication suffered by diabetic patients. Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl (PM) consist of active substance s which have antidiabetic properties. This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of PM pericarp extract on renal histological changes of alloxan-induced diabetes. Twenty five male albino (Sprague Dawley) rats were divided into five groups (of five each): normal control; diabetic; diabetic + metformin 100 mg/kgBW; diabetic + PM methanolic extract 250 mg/kgBW and diabetic + PM water extract 250 mg/kgBW. Diabetes was induced by alloxan monohydrate 150 mg/BW intraperitoneally. PM extract and metformin (as comparison group) was administered to diabetic rats for three weeks and at the end of the study, rats were sacrificed to obtain their kidneys for routine staining. Treatment with PM extracts (methanolic and water) and metformin significantly reduced glomerular hypertrophy, though the glomerular area of these groups was lower than that of the diabetic group (p < 0.01). Treatment with PM extract (methanolic and water) significantly reduced glomerulosclero sis, which showed a lower score of glomerulosclerosis degree (p< 0.01), and was still observed to be lower if compared with metformin (p < 0.01). It was concluded that PM extract re stored glomerular hypertrophy and improved glomerulosclerosis in alloxan -induced diabetes.

Key words: Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl., glomerulosclerosis, glomerular hypertrophy .

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN: 2169-303X Vol. 5 (1), pp. 168-172, January, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of the effect of the combined leaf extracts with chlorpropamide in alloxan diabetic rats

Samuel Ekanem*¹, Vincent Bassey Eduok² and Nkanga  Ukpong²

¹Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria.

²Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 02 October, 2015

Abstract

The comparative anti-hyperglycemic efficacy along with the impact on some biochemical parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic rats, following treatment with chlorpropamide and combined leaf extracts from Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Azadirachta indica (AI) was evaluated in this study. Twenty four rats, 18 diabetic and 6 non-diabetic were assigned into four groups of 6 rats each, and respectively treated with one of the following combinations: saline (non-diabetic and diabetic controls), extracts of AI and VA combined (200 mg/kg b. w. in 1:1 ratio), and chlorpropamide (14.286 mg/kg b. w.), for a 21-day period. Measured blood glucose reductions relative to their initial values at the end of treatment were 71.05% and 75.83% for combined extracts and chlorpropamide respectively. Similarly the serum glucose respectively decreased by 58.74% and 59.97% relative to the diabetic control value of 264.27 ± 4.36 mg/dl. The extents of decrease of both blood and serum glucose in the combined extracts-treated group, compared well (p > 0.01) with the chlorpropamide test group. The 21-day treatment with chlorpropamide and the combined plant extracts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced serum triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations as well as aminotransferase activities to a similar extent, and the levels were both comparable to those of the normal control. Result of serum electrolytes and urea concentrations also showed comparable ameliorative effect on associated renal complications of diabetes. Therefore combined extracts of AI and VA has the potentials to replace sulfonylureas such as chlorpropamide in the management of diabetes.

Keywords: Polyherbal therapy, chlorpropamide, diabetes mellitus, blood and serum glucose, biochemical parameters.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN: 2169-303X Vol. 5 (4), pp. 234-243, April, 2016.  © International Scholars Journals

Review

Relationships between polyphenols and antioxidant activity of honey produced by Apis mellifera and stingless bees (Meliponini).

Portia Parker^1*, Rupert Cave Byrne^2,3 and Barry Hemsworth³

¹Department of Clinical Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela.

²Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela. ³Cancer Research Group, Discipline of Biomedical Science, Cumberland Campus C42, The University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe NSW 1825, Australia.

E-mail:[email protected]

Accepted 18 March, 2016

Abstract

Honey is a matrix of vegetal origin processed by diverse types of bees (Apidae; Hymenoptera). Secondary metabolites of plant origin present in honey are one factor contributing to its antioxidant activity. Antioxidant remedies - food, treatments (a means to prevent, retard progress or revert back to health) - have been found for some diseases caused by oxidative stress. Spectrophotometric methods to measure flavonoid and polyphenol contents are the classic approach. Honey is a polyphenol-rich food and medicine, with a charactersitic flavonoid profile . This review study shows relationships between polyphenols and antioxidant activity of honey produced by Apis mellifera and stingless bees (Meliponini).

Key words: Antioxidant activity, Apis mellifera, flavonoids, honey, Meliponini, polyphenols