International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-013, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of seed from plants of the Mississippi river basin

Joy R. Borchardt¹, Donald L. Wyse¹, Craig C. Sheaffer¹, Kendra L. Kauppi², R. Gary Fulcher³, Nancy J. Ehlke¹, David D. Biesboer⁴ and Russell F Bey²

¹Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, St. Paul MN 55108-6026

²Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 205 Veterinary Science, St. Paul, MN 55108-6187.

³Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2.

⁴Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 250 Biological Science Center, St. Paul, MN 55108-6022

Accepted 16 May, 2019

Abstract

Seeds of native and naturalized plants currently found in the Mississippi River Basin of the United States were evaluated as potential new sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Methanol extracts of seeds were tested for antioxidant levels using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant assay and for antimicrobial activity using a disk diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. A wide range of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were observed in the 158 species tested. Antioxidant levels ranged from 2,400 µM Trolox/100 gm (TE) to 261,384 TE. Lythrum salicaria L. (261,384 TE), Lythrum alatum Pursh (206,154 TE), Spiraea tomentosa L. (141,430 TE), Rumex verticillatus L. (123,423 TE) and Oenothera biennis L. (98,563 TE) had the highest levels of antioxidant activity. Extracts of seeds from 35 species had antimicrobial activity. L. salicaria L., Rumex crispus L., Rumex verticillatus L. and Spirea tomentosa L. had high levels of antioxidant activity and correspondingly high levels of antimicrobial activity against all four microorganisms. The correlation between seeds with high antioxidant levels and those with antimicrobial activity was quite low. In this study, we identified native and naturalized plants from the Mississippi River Basin as potential sources of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds.

Key words: Antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, medicinal plants, native plants.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-004, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antimicrobial activities of plumeria acutifolia

Rasool S. N¹, Jaheerunnisa S², Suresh Kumar Chitta^3*and Jayaveera K.N⁴

¹Department of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India.

²Department of Microbiology, National Post Graduate College and Research Centre, Nandyal, A.P., India.

³Department of Biochemistry, S.K. University, Anantapur, India.

⁴Department of Chemistry, JNTU College of Engineering, Anantapur, India.

Accepted 20 March, 2019

Abstract

Ethanolic extract of Plumeria acutifolia Poir. (Apocynaceae) stembark was tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella Pnumoniae, Psuedomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium) and fungi (Aspergillus niger and candida albicans) by disc diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and acute toxicity were also assayed. The ethanol extract showed the strong in vitro antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis, B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. typhimurium, A. niger and C. albicans. The extract did not show any toxic symptoms against the tested mice.

Key words: Plumeria acutifolia Poir, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, disc diffusion, M.I.C, M.B.C/M.F.C, acute toxicity.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Ecotypic variation of a medicinal plant Imperata cylindrica populations in Taiwan: mass spectrometry-based proteomic evidence

Ing-Feng Chang

Institute of Plant Biology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ROC. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 02-33662534. Fax: 02-23918940.

Accepted 16 April, 2019

Abstract

Cogon grass [Imperata cylindrica L. Beauv. var. major] is the only one species of Imperata, and one of the medicinal plants in Taiwan. The rhizome can be used for medicinal purposes. In the field alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity, proline and sodium content in tissues of Imperata showed variation between wetland (Chuwei population) and the other two representative non-wetland ecotypes (Neihu and Sarlun populations) . Chuwei ecotype is known tolerant to flood and salt shown in a flood and salt treatment experiment in previous study. A mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analysis identified a fast moving 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase (enolase) isoform only in the wetland ecotype on a native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas a slow moving enolase isoform was identified only in the non-wetland ecotypes. In addition, a mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and a chloroplast ferredoxin-NADP(H) oxidoreductase were identified only in the wetland ecotype. These proteomic results provide additional evidence of the ecotypic variation among Imperata cylindrica ecotypes. The potential use of this novel approach to identify protein markers is discussed in the study.

Key words: Imperata cylindrica, ecotype, mass spectrometry, proteomic, enolase, malate dehydrogenase, ferredoxin-NADP(H) oxidoreductase.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antibacterial effects of S-(-)-tulipalin B isolated from Spiraea thunbergii Sieb. on Escherichia coli, a major food borne pathogenic microorganism

Jiyoung Lee¹, Jongsung Lee¹, Jihee Lim¹, Sanghee Sim² and Deokhoon Park^1*

¹Biospectrum Life Science Institute, SK Ventium 101-701, #522 Dangjung Dong, Gunpo City, Gyunggi Do, Rep. of Korea.

²School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan City, Gyeongsangbuk Do, Republic of Korea.

Accepted 08 May, 2019

Abstract

The crude ethanol extract of the leaves of Spiraea thunbergii Sieb. (Rosaceae) showed antibacterial activity against a food borne pathogen, Escherichia coli. Bioactivity-guided separation led to the isolation of a butyrolaton, 1(S-(-)-tulipalin B). The structure was determined from the interpretation of spectroscopic data (UV, MS, and NMR). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of compound 1 against E. coli was found to be 100/ml. In addition, we found the possibility that a methylene group may operate as a key factor in the antibacterial activities of compound 1 and the hydroxyl group may exert a synergistic effect with the methylene group.

Key words: Spiraea thunbergii Sieb., antibacterial activity, butyrolactones, S-(-)-tulipalin B, Escherichia coli.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-004, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of aqueous and methanolic crude extracts of stem bark of Ximenia americana on Trypanosoma congolense

Maikai, V. A¹, Nok, J. A.², Adaudi, A. O. ³ and Alawa, C. B. I⁴

¹College of Agriculture and Animal science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando – Kaduna, Nigeria.

²Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

³Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

⁴National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Accepted 17 April, 2019

Abstract

The in vitro antitrypanosomal activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of stem bark of Ximenia americana was evaluated on Trypanosoma congolense. Blood obtained from a highly infected mice with T. congolense (10⁷) was incubated with methanolic and aqueous extract at 20, 10 and 5mg/ml and Diminal^R (diminazene aceturate) at 200, 100 and 50 ug/ml in a 96 well micro titer plate. The results revealed that methanolic and aqueous extracts had activity at 20 and 10 mg/ml however, the methanolic extracts were more active than aqueous extract at 10 and 5 mg/ml. Phytochemical screening of the methanolic and aqueous extract of the bark showed that they both had flavonoids, anthraquinone, saponnin, terpenes and tannin. The aqueous and methanolic extract appears to show some potential activity against T. congolense.

Keyword: Ximenia americana, trypanocidal, Trypanosoma congolense.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Clonal propagation and antimicrobial activity of an endemic medicinal plant Stevia rebaudiana

Mousumi Debnath*

Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, JECRC Foundation, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Applied Sciences, Shri Ram Ki Nangal, Via Vatika, Tonk road, Jaipur, India 303905. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 14 January, 2019

Abstract

A procedure has been outlined for plant regeneration and antimicrobial screening of a medicinal herb, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, through in vitro culture of nodal segments with axillary buds. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L N⁶-benzyl amino purine and 1.13 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid in combination were found to be most effective in inducing bud break and growth, and in initiating multiple shoot proliferation at the rate of 39 microshoots per nodal explant after 30 d of culture. By repeated subculturing a high-frequency multiplication rate was established for production of elite lines of Stevia rebaudiana. Elongated shoots were transferred to rooting medium. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid was found to be best for rooting. In vitro and in vivo grown leaf extracts in different solvent system were screened for potential antimicrobial activity against medically important bacterial and fungal strains by agar well diffusion method. The chloroform and methanol extract exhibited a concentration dependent antibacterial and antifungal inhibition. Both in vitro and in vivo dried leaf extract showed similar antimicrobial activity. Therefore, commercial manufacture of active constituents from these improved elite lines would be useful and profitable.

Key words: Regeneration, antimicrobial, Stevia rebaudiana, medicinal plant.