ISSN 2169-303X
Research Article
International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of leaves of Barringtonia racemosa
Mandana Behbahani, Abdul Manaf Ali, Radzali Muse and Noorjahan Banu Mohd
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, UPM, Malaysia.
Accepted 03 January, 2019
Abstract
The medicinal plant of Barringtonia racemosa (lecythidaceae family) has been used widely in traditional medicine for anti-inflammation and anticancer in Malaysia. The present investigation was carried out to study of the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of fully expanded leaf extracts of B. racemosa. Antioxidant activity was measured by using FTC, TBA and DPPH free radical scavenging methods and Griess assay was also used for the measurement of nitric oxide inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon- (IFN- )-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Different crude extracts of fully expanded leaf extracts of B. racemosa have exhibited a very good level of nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory and antioxidant activities. In the Griess assay, non polar extracts such as chloroform and hexane extracts were found to be strong inhibitors of NO at different concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) in comparison with polar extract (ethanol extract). Chloroform extract didn’t show cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells at different concentrations contrary to hexane and ethanol extracts. The chloroform and hexane extracts exhibited very strong antioxidant properties when compared to Vitamin E (a-tocopherol) in the FTC and TBA methods, the chloroform and hexane extracts exhibited the radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 54.29 and 63 µg/ml respectively. Results demonstrated that chloroform extract of B. racemosa leaf may have the potential to be used as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant agents and it was revealed that the active compound in B. racemosa is lycopene.
Key words: Barringtonia racemosa, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory.
Abdul Manaf Ali, Radzali Muse and Noorjahan Banu Mohd, Mandana Behbahani
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Protective effect of picrorhiza kurroa on antioxidant defense status in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats
D. Rajaprabhu1, R. Rajesh1, R. Jeyakumar1, S. Buddhan1, B. Ganesan1,2 and R. Anandan2*
1Vinayaka Mission’s University, Ariyanoor, Salem-636308, India.
2Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin-682029, India.
Accepted 26 October, 2018
Abstract
Adriamycin, an anthracycline antibiotic, which is used in the treatment of various tumors, is known to cause severe cardiomyopathy. The present study examined the protective effects of Picrorhiza kurroa, an ayurvedic medicinal plant, on myocardial antioxidant defense system in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Intraperitoneal administration of adriamycin (1.5 mg/kg body weight/ day, i.p. for 15 days) caused significant rise in the levels of diagnostic marker enzymes [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phoshokinase (CPK)] in plasma and lipid peroxidation in the heart tissue of experimental rats. Concomitant decline in the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes (GPx and GST) and antiperoxidative enzymes (SOD and CAT) in the myocardial tissue were also observed. Oral administration of P. kurroa extract (50 mg/kg body weight/day, for a period of 15 days) significantly prevented all these adriamycin-induced adverse effects and maintained the rats at normal status. The protective effect of P. kurroa might be ascribable to its membrane-stabilizing property and/or antioxidant nature.
Keywords: Picrorhiza kurroa, adriamycin, cardiomyopathy, diagnostic marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status.
S. Buddhan, D. Rajaprabhu, R. Jeyakumar, B. Ganesan and R. Anandan*, R. Rajesh
Page: 1 - 6
Short Communication
International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-003, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Phytochemical screening and in vitro bioactivity of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Euphorbiaceae)
Awoyinka, O. A.1*, Balogun, I. O.2 and Ogunnowo, A. A.1
1Department of Basic and Applied Sciences. (Biochemistry Unit) Babcock University Ilisan- Remo, Ogun State. Nigeria.
2College of Medical Sciences University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
Accepted 22 October, 2018
Abstract
Eight principal bioactive compounds were investigated in the dry leaf water and ethanolic extracts of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius. In all, three active components were positive for both extracts. These include phenols, saponins and cardiac glycosides. Phlobatannin was detected in the water extract while alkaloids occurred in the ethanolic extract. Flavonoids, anthraquinones and combined anthraquinones were absent in both extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the plant was carried out on Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus using ethanolic. S. typhi showed some sensitivity to the ethanolic extract (1.5 ± 0.5 mm) unlike the dry and fresh water extracts but much more sensitive (P<0.05) to chloramphenicol ( 17 ± 0.1 mm). However, fresh leaf water extract, dry leaf ethanolic extract and chloramphenicol showed 2.0 ± 0.5, 3.0 ± 0.1 and 11.5 ± 0.1 mm bioactivity respectively against S. aureus. There was no indication of antimicrobial activity in the dry leaf water extract for both bacteria strains.
Keywords: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius , Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, phytochemical, bioactivity.
I. O and Ogunnowo, Awoyinka , A. A., Balogun , O. A.*
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-012, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of Central/South American medicinal plants on energy harvesting ability of the mammalian GI tract
Huerta, V.1, Mihalik, K.2, Maitin, V.2 Crixell, S. H.2 and Vattem, D. A.2*
1Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
2Molecular and Cellular Nutrition Laboratory, FCS Department, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
Accepted 11 December, 2018
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated co-morbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and obesity (OB) are fast becoming leading causes of mortality in the developed and developing world. While the etiologies of these diseases are not completely understood, they are often associated with excessive caloric intake, hyperglycemia, irregular blood lipid levels and resulting oxidative stress. One important strategy for managing DM is managing postprandial hyperglycemia by reducing the digestion of carbohydrates by -glucosidases. The risk factors for CVD and obesity can further be managed by regulating postprandial increases in blood triglyceride and fatty acid levels by modulating the activity of lipase. We investigated the potential of 26 different herbs, spices and medicinal plants (HSMP) commonly used in Central/South American traditional medicine to reduce the energy harvest capacity of the mammalian gut by a-glucosidases and lipases in different model systems. In addition, we also assessed their abilities to confer antioxidant protection in biological systems. Our results indicate that several HSMP had the ability to prevent the digestion of carbohydrates by inhibiting -amylase, maltase and sucrase. These HSMP were also effective in inhibiting the activity of lipase and therefore digestion of triglycerides in the mammalian gut. Based on our results, we have identified HSMP from Central/South American that can be used as an alternative and complimentary strategy to manage risk factors of DM and associated co-morbidities.
Key words: Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, obesity, energy harvest, a- glucosidase, pancreatic amylase, disaccharidases, maltase, sucrase, lipase, enzyme inhibition, antioxidant activity, herbs, spices, medicinal plants, Central/South American traditional medicine.
K , D. A*, Huerta , Maitin , S. H and Vattem, V , V. Crixell, Mihalik
Page: 1 - 12
Research Article
International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum on blood glucose levels of normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats
A.Mohammed1*, A. B. Adelaiye1, M. S. Abubakar2 and E. M. Abdurahman2
1Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
2Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Design, Ahmadu Bello, University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Accepted 02 November, 2018
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum mushroom has long been used as a potent medicinal plant in the far East, but its ethnomedicinal importance in Nigeria is yet to be fully realized. The effects of the aqueous extract on blood glucose levels of alloxan induced and normal Wistar rats have been investigated. Three doses of the extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/Kg) were administered intraperitoneally. The dose of 250 mg/Kg of the extract did not significantly alter the blood glucose levels of both normal and alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats. However, the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/Kg of the extract did significantly (p<0.05) decrease the blood glucose levels of alloxan diabetic Wistar rats at 4, 8 and 24 h. In normal rats, the dose of 1000 mg/Kg of the extract significantly (p<0.05) decrease the blood glucose levels at 8 and 24 h only. In conclusion, the dose of 1000 mg/Kg of the extract has shown both significant (p<0.05) hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects in Wistar rats.
Key words: Ganoderma lucidum, alloxan diabetes, blood glucose.
A.Mohammed* , A. B. Adelaiye, M. S. Abubakar and E. M. Abdurahman
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Biochemical and toxicological studies of aqueous extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) leaves in wister albino rats
Oyewole, I. O1., Magaji, Z. J2. and Awoyinka, O. A3.
1, 3Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
2College of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Accepted 22 November, 2018
Abstract
The effects of aqueous extracts of Tithonia diversifolia leaves on some biochemical indices such as body weight, blood parameters and liver functions were investigated in albino male wister rats. The safe dosage of the aqueous extract of T. diversifolia leaves were daily injected intraperitoneally (P 0.05) to a group of Wister strain rats over a period of 7 and 14 days respectively. During these periods the daily body weights of the control and treated rats showed significant difference (P 0.05). Also, the differences in the WBC and PCV values between the two groups were statistically significant (P 0.05). The serum level of glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) increased significantly (P 0.05) in the experimental group while that of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) did not show any significant change (P 0.05) compared to the control animals. The study showed that the aqueous extract of T. diversifolia even at a safe dose affects the liver functions index, and some haematological parameters.
Key words: T. diversifolia, Maximum Tolerated Dosage (MTD), Lethal Dosage (LD50).
O. A, Oyewole , Z. J and Awoyinka, I. O, Magaji
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