International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (8), pp. 001-004, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Optimization of DNA isolation for RAPD-PCR analysis of selected (Echinaceae purpurea L. Moench) medicinal plants of conservation concern from Turkey

Hasibe Cingilli Vural¹* and Aslı Da eri²

¹Selcuk University, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology, 42079 Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey.

²Selcuk University, Department of Biology, 42079 Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey.

Accepted 19 July, 2020

Abstract

Genetic analysis of plants relies on high yields of pure DNA samples. Here we present the optimization of DNA isolation protocols and PCR conditions for RAPD analysis of selected medicinal plants of conservation concern from Turkey, containing high levels of polysaccharides, polyphenols and secondary metabolites. These methods involve a modified CTAB extraction employing polyvinyl pyrrolidone while grinding, successive long-term Chloroform -lsoamylalcohol extractions, and EZ1 Nucleic Acid isolation protocols. The yield of DNA ranged from 1 - 2 g/ l per gram of the leaf tissue and the purity (ratio) was between 1.7 - 1.8 indicating minimal levels of contaminating metabolites. EZ1 nucleic acid isolation technique is ideal for isolation of DNA from different plant species and the DNA isolated was used for randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. RAPD protocol was optimized based on the use of 50 ng of template DNA and annealing temperature of 37°C, resulted optimal amplification. Thus, the results indicate that the optimized protocol for DNA isolation and PCR was amenable to plant species belonging to different genera which is suitable for further work on diversity analysis. Furthermore, here we used suitable DNA isolation protocol for RAPD analysis to study the genetic variation in the future in Echinaceae sp. grown in Turkey.

Key words: Echinaceae purpurea, RAPD-PCR, medicinal plant.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (8), pp. 001-007, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Correlation between chemical composition and antifungal properties of essential oils of Callistemon rigidus and Callistemon citrinus of Cameroon against Phaeoramularia angolensis

Pierre MD Jazet^1,2, Léopold N Tatsadjieu^3*, Bernadin D Ndongson¹, Jean Kuate⁴ , Paul H Amvam Zollo¹and Chantal Menut⁵

¹ENSAI, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.

²Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.

³IUT, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.

⁴Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Yaoundé, Cameroon.

⁵UMR 5032 – ENSCM 8, Rue de l’ école normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5.

Accepted 16 April, 2020

Abstract

Leaf essential oils of Callistemon rigidus and Callistemon citrinus obtained by steam-distillation were assigned for their antifungal activity against Phaeoramularia angolensis. The oils of C. rigidus and C. citrinus were dominated by the presence of 1,8-cineole (79.1% and 73.8% respectively). Fractions 6 and 5 isolated from C. rigidus and C. citrinus respectively were rich in1,8-cineole (100% and 91.4% respectively). The determination of the antifungal activity of the essential oils was done by the agar medium assay. Total inhibition was obtained with the concentrations of 6500 ppm and 6000 ppm for C. rigidus and C. citrinus essential oils respectively. Fraction 12 of C. citrinus rich in -terpineol and terpinen-4-ol (88.7% and 10% respectively) was the most active showing total inhibition against Phaeoramularia angolensis at 1500 ppm. The two essential oils used showed fungicidal properties against P. angolensis and could constitute an alternative to synthetic fungicides usually used for citrus fruit crops.

Key words: Essential oil, Callistemon citrinus, Callistemon rigidus, essential oil composition, Phaeoramularia angolensis, antifungal activity.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (7), pp. 001-009, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Herbalism and resources for the development of ethnopharmacology in Mount Cameroon region

E. N. Ndenecho

Department of Geography, University of Yaounde, E.N.S. Annex Bambili, P.O. Bamenda, North-west region, Cameroon. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 22 February, 2020

Abstract

Tropical forests are a biologically lavish and diverse ecosystem with plants whose potential value as a natural pharmacy is yet to be discovered. The native people have for centuries used plants as medicine. There is a need to stimulate traditional healers to evaluate the strong and weak aspects of indigenous knowledge base and to devise methods to test and improve knowledge. The study uses a combination of primary and secondary data to provide baseline knowledge on the concept of herbalism, endogenous knowledge of medicinal plants, pharmaceutical uses, marketing status and threats to sustainable development. It establishes an ethno-medicinal plant inventory consisting of a total of 30 plants with major ailments. In terms of life form, 70% were composed of trees, 6.6% shrubs, 10% climbers and 13.3% herbs. Some 70% of these plants are locally marketed and 66.6% have other non-medicinal uses. The paper identifies the stresses and vulnerabilities of the plants and the scope for western biomedical practitioners to assess this traditional knowledge, that is, methods of testing, refining and validating indigenous knowledge in traditional medicine in order to support the process of integration. It finally posits that since different paradigms of health and illness stand in the way of real integration, western biomedicine and African traditional medicine may remain apart as two parallel systems hence the need to locate and catalog these plants for the identification of their pharmaceutical properties.

Key words: Herbalism, ethno-pharmacology, medicinal plants, indigenous knowledge, threats, sustainability.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (7), pp. 001-015, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Review

An overview of antimicrobial resistance and the future of medicinal plants in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections

C. Njume¹, A. J. Afolayan¹ and R. N. Ndip^{1, 2}*

¹School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.

²Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Box 63, Cameroon.

Accepted 05 June, 2020

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori, a gram negative helical bacillus that inhabits the human stomach is now recognised as the causative agent of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The treatment of H. pylori infection typically employs a triple drug regimen using two antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or bismuth with a success rate of 80 - 90%. However, resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics is a growing global concern. With an alarming H. pylori prevalence of 90% reported in some African countries and 90 - 100% metronidazole (MTZ)-resistance, one of the drugs used in the treatment regimen, the need for alternative treatment regimens is imperative. Medicinal plants seem to provide an alternative source of treatment and are among the attractive sources of new drugs shown to produce promising results against H. pylori in-vitro . Researchers have been testing crude extracts of a wide variety of plants used in folklore medicine for the identification of potential anti- H. pylori agents. This review appraises the current state of H . pylori antimicrobial resistance, medicinal plant constituents ranging from extracts commonly in use, by the lay community, to substances being prospected and tested by researchers as possible substitutes to treat H. pylori infection. There is a need to continue to monitor resistance and revolutionize the search for alternative treatment regimens against H. pylori particularly as the life span of any drug is limited.

Key words: Helicobacter pylori, drug resistance, antibiotics, alternative treatment, medicinal plants.

International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN 2169-303X Vol. 9 (7), pp. 001-021, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Ethnobotanical uses of some plants of two ethnoecological regions of Cameroon

T. Jiofack^{1, 2}*, C. Fokunang², N. Guedje², V. Kemeuze¹, E. Fongnzossie³, B. A. Nkongmeneck³, P. M. Mapongmetsem⁴ and N. Tsabang⁵

¹Millennium Ecologic Museum, P. O. Box 8038 Yaounde – Cameroon.

²Department of Pharmacy and African Phytotherapeutic, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.

³Organisation pour l’Environnement et le Développement Durable (OPED), Cameroon.

⁴Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon. ⁵Medical Institute of Medicinal Plants Research, Yaounde – Cameroon.

Accepted 15 April, 2020

Abstract

This paper presents the result of a study on the herbal drugs that are used in two ethnoecological regions of Cameroon, namely littoral and south -west and Sudano-sahelian zones. The data were collected through direct interviews with herbalists, traditional healers and customers between 2006 and 2007 and the popular medicinal plants used to cure several diseases were inventorized. An inventory of 614 plants species belonging to 84 families was prepared along with their local and Latin names. The present study also gave details about the herbal cures of different disorders, based on the information provided by local herbalists or traditional healers. In all, 68% of the plants were used in the two regions to treat more than twenty important diseases.

Key words: Herbal drugs, medicinal plants, ethnoecological zone, Cameroon.