ISSN 2326-7275
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Anti-oxidative effects of citro flavonoids on spermatogenesis in rat
Arash Khaki1, Fatemeh Fathiazad2, Mohammad Nouri3, Amir Afshin khaki3, Zahra ghanbari1, Maryam ghanbari1, Elaheh Ouladsahebmadarek1, Layla Javadi1* and Laya Farzadi1
1Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2Department of Pharmacognozy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
3Department of Anatomical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, National Management Center for Health Tabriz, Iran.
Accepted 05 May, 2019
Abstract
Citrus fruits have long been recognized as containing valuable sources of important nutrients which are biologically active in humans. Citrus fruits, such as oranges, contain compounds called phytochemicals that can be included into three major groups: the flavonoids, limonoids and carotenoids. The flavonoids are a group of benzopyran derivatives which occur widely in plants. The flavonoids typically consist of a benzene ring fused with the heterocyclic six-membered ring containing an oxygen atom. As citrus has an antioxidant’s potential, we want to evaluating its useful effect on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters. Wistar male rat (n=30) were allocated into three groups, control (n=10) and test groups (n=20), that subdivided into groups of 2 that received citrus extract powder (400 and 600 mg/rat) for 30 consequence day. Animals were kept in standard conditions. In twentieth day the testes tissue of rats in whole groups were removed and sperm was collected from epididymis and prepared for analysis. TAC, SOD levels and percentage of sperm viability and motility in both test groups significantly increased (p<0.05) in comparison to control group, whereas, sperm concentration, morphology and testes weights in both experimental and control group were similar. The level of MDA in both extract groups were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Results revealed that administration of 600 mg/kg/day citrus extract significantly increased the TAC, SOD levels and sperm percentage, viability, motility and decreased MDA levels. This suggested that citrus may be promising in enhancing sperm healthy parameters.
Key words: Anti-oxidative, citrus, spermatogenesis, super oxide dismutase, testis.
Maryam ghanbari, Arash Khaki, Fatemeh Fathiazad, Zahra ghanbari, Elaheh Ouladsahebmadarek, Layla Javadi* and Laya Farzadi, Amir Afshin khaki, Mohammad Nouri
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Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-007, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Eupatilin: A flavonoid compound isolated from the artemisia plant, induces apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in human melanoma A375 cells
Ali Al Shawi1#, Azhar Rasul1#, Muhammad Khan1, Furhan Iqbal2 and Ma Tonghui1*
1Membrane Channel Research Laboratory, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
2Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Accepted 14 April, 2019
Abstract
Eupatilin is a flavonoid compound isolated from the Artemisia plant. Eupitillin possesses antioxidant as well as potent anticancer properties. In this study, for the first time, we examined the anti-proliferative effects of Eupatilin in human melanoma A375 cells and its ability to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Eupatilin specifically induced morphological changes in A375 cells and was less toxic to the normal mouse splenocytes. The inhibitory effects of A375 cells were associated with the DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic effects of Eupatilin were further verified by using Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining in flow cytometry. These results suggest that Eupatilin is an effective natural compound that worth further mechanistic and therapeutic studies against human melanoma.
Key words: Eupatilin, melanoma, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest.
Ali Al Shawi, Azhar Rasul, Muhammad Khan, Furhan Iqbal and Ma Tonghui*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Formulation and evaluation of solid dispersions of Rofecoxib for improvement of dissolution profile
Vyas Jigar1*, Vyas Puja1 and Patel Jayvadan2
1Sigma Institute of Pharmacy, Baroda, Gujarat, India.
2Nootan Pharmacy College, Visnagar, Gujarat, India.
Accepted 14 April, 2019
Abstract
Rofecoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, mainly used for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and dysmenorrhea. The major problem with this drug is its very low solubility in biological fluids, which results in poor bioavailability after oral administration. Therefore, solid dispersions of Rofecoxib with urea, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K30 were prepared by different methods and evaluated with a view to increase its water solubility and hence to improve the dissolution profile. Solid dispersions were prepared and evaluated for solubility, melting point and % practical yield. Two solid dispersions showing maximum solubility were selected and formulated into tablet. The tablets were exposed to routine quality control tests like hardness, friability, weight variation and disintegration. The dissolution profiles of these formulations were studied in 0.1 N HCl and compared with marketed tablet as well as pure drug. At the end of 30 min, formulation TFG3 gave the highest drug release that is 99.10%, followed by TSG3 (90.32%) whereas marketed tablet and plain drug gave 71.22 and 24.14% respectively. The present study conclusively demonstrated that, solubility and dissolution profile of Rofecoxib was significantly improved by preparing solid dispersion with water soluble carriers.
Key words: Rofecoxib, solubility, solid dispersion, hydrophilic carriers, dissolution.
Vyas Jigar*, Vyas Puja and Patel Jayvadan
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-015, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Rapid screening for 61 central nervous system drugs in plasma using weak cation exchange solid-phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection
Yin Zhang1*, Wei-Ping Xie2, Chong-Hong Chen3 and Ling Lin4
1Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, People’s Republic of China.
2Department of Physical and Chemical Analysis, Quanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quanzhou 362000, People’s Republic of China.
3Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, People’s Republic of China.
4Department of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, People’s Republic of China.
Accepted 8 March, 2011
Abstract
Rapid and accurate screening for toxicants/chemicals in a broad range is an important element in systematic toxicological analysis (STA). Herein, we report a novel method for the rapid screening of 61 central nervous system (CNS) drugs in plasma, using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column termed, weak cation exchange (WCX) and high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC- DAD). The SPE column was preconditioned sequentially with 3 ml of acetonitrile, 1 ml of water and, 2 ml of buffer solution. The pretreated plasma was loaded onto the column, which was then washed with 2 ml of water, followed by 2 ml of acetonitrile, and the acetonitrile elution was collected as the neutral/acid fraction. Subsequently, 3 ml of trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitrile (2+98) was then used to elute the column and the elution was collected as basic fraction. The collected fractions were evaporated at 60°C under a nitrogen stream until about 100 l of solvent remained. The final volume was then adjusted to 1 ml with 5% of acetonitrile. The HPLC separation was accomplished on an Agilent TC -C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with acetonitrile and phosphate buffer solution as mobile phase, by gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 210 nm, and the full spectra were recorded from 200 to 364 nm. The absolute recoveries of 55 drugs tested, exceeded 50%; 42 of them exceeded 80%. In conclusion, the WCX SPE preparation combined with HPLC-DAD, is suitable for a broad drug screening for CNS drugs.
Key words: Solid phase extraction (SPE), weak cation exchange (WCX), high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), systematic toxicological analysis (STA), drug screening.
Wei-Ping Xie, Chong-Hong Chen and Ling Lin, Yin Zhang*
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Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Therapeutic effect of petroleum ether extract from Semen cuscutae against β-estradiol 3-benzoate induced kidney-yang deficiency in mice
Chen Su-Hong1, Lv Gui-Yuan2, Fan Jing2, Yan Mei-Qiu2, Shan Le-Tian2*, Fang Zhe2, Li Heng-Hui2, Su Jie2 and Li Wei2
1 Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, PR China.
2Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China.
Accepted 12 January, 2019
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of the petroleum ether extract of Semen cuscutae (SCPEE) on β-estradiol 3-benzoate (EB) induced kidney-yang deficiency (KD) by using an animal model. This model was established by daily intraperitoneal injection of EB (4 mg/kg) to ICR male mice for 15 days. To evaluate the SCPEE effect, after the first EB injection, the mice were orally administrated daily by SCPEE (10 ml/kg), and their physiological, kinematic, histological, and biochemical parameters were assessed at the beginning (Day 0) and the end (Day 15) of the experiment. The results showed that the EB injection could induce typical KD symptoms including physiological, kinematic and biochemical disorders of the mice. After SCPEE administration, a positive response against these symptoms was observed, and most of the disorders were recovered completely. This is the first report to demonstrate the significant anti-KD effect of SCPEE, indicating the ether-soluble components of S. cuscutae may have a potential clinical value for KD treatment.
Key words: Semen cuscutae, kidney-yang deficiency, traditional Chinese medicine, β-estradiol 3-benzoate, petroleum ether.
Fang Zhe, Lv Gui-Yuan, Li Heng-Hui, Su Jie and Li Wei, Chen Su-Hong, Yan Mei-Qiu, Fan Jing, Shan Le-Tian*
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Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Gastric antisecretory and antiulcer effects of ajowan “Carum copticum” in rats
Saleh Alqasoumi
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, P. O. Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +966 1 4677278. Fax: +966-1-4677245.
Accepted 21 January, 2019
Abstract
An aqueous suspension of ajowan “Carum copticum” was evaluated for its possible gastric antisecretory and antiulcer activities in various ulcer models in Wistar albino rats. The suspension at 250 and 500 mg kg/body weight, orally (i.p. in Shay rat model) has significant effect in pyloric ligation induced basal gastric acid secretion, indomethacin and noxious chemicals (80% ethanol, 0.2 M NaOH and 25% NaCl) induced gastric ulceration; showed significant protection in all models used. Histopathological assessment of gastric tissue and the determination of gastric wall mucus (GWM) and non protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) contents of the stomach, characterized the protection of various indices and replenishing the depleted (GWM) and NP-SH levels by the suspension treatment, respectively. Conclusively, the ulcer protective effect of ajowan may possibly be due to its antisecretory along with antioxidative and cytoprotective effects through prostaglandins mediated mechanism.
Key words: Ajowan, Carum copticum, gastric secretion, antiulcer.
Saleh Alqasoumi
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