International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-010, January, 2026. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper
    
Histopathological Spectrum of Gastric Carcinomas and Associated Precancerous Changes in Southwest Nigeria

A. O. Komolafe1*, O. S. Ojo2 and B. J. Olasode2

1Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.
2Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Accepted 31 November, 2025

The histologic types of gastric malignancies and other associated histopathological indices in gastric biopsies received at the Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria were determined. The study was retrospective and it involved collecting all slides on all available cases of gastric biopsies over a period of ten years and reviewing them to screen for gastric malignancies and associated pathologies of the stomach. Out of 107 cases of gastric malignancies reviewed, 102 (95.3%) were carcinomas, 3 (2.8%) were sarcomas and 2 (1.9%) cases were lymphomas. Of 102 cases of carcinomas, 36 (35.3%) were tubular adenocarcinomas, 14 (13.7%) cases were papillary adenocarcinomas, 22 (21.6%) cases were mucinous adenocarcinomas, 9 (8.8%) cases were signet carcinomas, and 21 (20.6%) were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. One hundred and two (95.33%) cases of gastric malignancies were in the pyloric antrum, 3 (2.80%) were in the gastric cardia, and 1 case each (0.93%) in the corpus and fundus. Sixty-four (60%) of cases showed moderate to numerous Helicobacter pylori. Mild chronic gastritis was seen in 11 (10%) cases, moderate chronic gastritis was seen in 75 (70%) of cases, and severe chronic gastritis was seen in 16 (15%) cases. Five (5%) cases were indeterminate. Mild glandular atrophy was seen in 5 (5%) cases, 32 cases (30%) showed moderate glandular atrophy, 1 (1%) case of severe glandular atrophy was seen. Intestinal metaplasia was seen in 17 cases (16%). Peptic ulcer disease was not seen in any of the cases.

Key word: Gastric malignancies, pre-malignant lesions, Nigeria.
 

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2026. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anatomical Characterization and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Tylophora dalzellii Hook.f.

Shahla Najafi1* and S. S. Deokule2

¹Department of Biology, University of Zabol, Iran.

²Department of Botany, University of Pune, India.

Accepted 2 October, 2025

Plants are a great source of medicines, especially in traditional medicine, which are useful in the treatment of various diseases. Tylophora dalzellii a medicinal member belongs to the tribe Marsdenieae of the family Asclepiadaceae. Traditionally, T. dalzellii has been used in treatment of asthma, dermatitis and rheumatism. However, it has not yet been studied pharmacognostically. The study includes macroscopy and microscopy, anatomy, phytochemistry including fluorescence and ash analysis of the leaf and stem of T. dalzellii. Phytochemical screening of the plant revealed the presence of tannins, saponins and alkaloids. The detailed pharmacognostic account of T. dalzellii which includes macroscopic and microscopic characters will be helpful for the correct botanical identification of the drug. In addition, the values of percentage extractive and ash analysis, results of fluorescence analysis and phytochemical data will be helpful for the standardization and quality control of precious indigenous drug. The study scientifically validates the use of plant in traditional medicine.

Key Words: Tylophora dalzellii, pharmacognosy, Asclepiadaceae.
 

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (7), pp. 001-012, July, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The Impact of Instructor-Provided Study Guides on Student Academic Performance in Introductory Anatomy and Physiology

Nicola Khalaf, Jason Craddock, Valerie Weiss, Robert Sillevis and Heather Bradford

Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast university

Received 20 June, 2025; Revised 4 July, 2025; Accepted 4 July, 2025; Publish 17 July, 2025

Abstract: Background: Research indicates a strong correlation between success in undergraduate gateway courses and overall student retention. These lower division courses serve as prerequisites to upper-level coursework and are often associated with high failure rates. Anatomy and Physiology-I, a key gateway course for health science majors, exemplifies theses challenges. Methods: This retrospective quasi-experimental study assessed the impact of instructor-provided study guides on student performance in 16 course sections (N = 502) across four semesters at Florida Gulf Coast university. Eight sections used study guides (Study guide group) and eight did not (Control Group). Independent t-tests and the Friedman test compared exam scores, final grades, and pass rates. Results: The Study Guide group had a notably lower failure rate (10.89% compared to 34.70%) and significantly higher exam scores and final grades. Furthermore, no significant instructor variability was found, suggesting that standardized resources may reduce discrepancies in teaching effectiveness. Conclusion: These findings highlight the value of structured learning resources in improving outcomes in complex course. Implementing such resources may promote student success in foundational courses essential for careers in health sciences. Limitations: Quasi-experimental design, lack of randomization, potential confounding variables, and single-institution scope may restrict causal inference and generalizability.

Keywords: Study guides; anatomy and physiology; academic performance; gateway courses; pass rates; student engagement, guided notes; cognitive load.
 

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anatomical Characteristics of Stems and Leaves in Ten Iranian Species of Geranium L.

Fahimeh Salimpour¹*, Ali Mazooji² and Samira Onsori³

1Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Iran.
2Islamic Azad University, Roodehen Branch, Iran.
3Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Iran

Accepted 19 April, 2025

An anatomical study on stem and leaf of ten species of Geranium has been performed in order to distinguish tuberous from rhizomatous species. Cross section of stem, number of palisade parenchyma, presence or absence of crystals and shape of epidermal cells in leaf are important characters to distinguish taxa.

Key words: Anatomy, Taxonomy, Geraniaceae, Iran.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (7), pp. 001-009, July, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Epidermal Anatomy of Leaves in Sida L. (Malvaceae): Systematic and Taxonomic Considerations

Nighat Shaheen, Mir Ajab Khan, Ghazalah Yasmin, Mushtaq Ahmad, Tariq Mahmood, Muhammad Qasim Hayat, and Muhammad Zafar*

Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Accepted 22 April, 2025

Micro morphological investigations of the foliar epidermal anatomy, particularly the diversity and distribution of glandular and eglandular trichomes on leaves of Sida alba L., S. alii S. Abedin var. alii, S. cordata (Burm. F.) Brss, S. mysorensis Wight and Arn, S. ovata Forssk. S. spinosa L and S. yunnanensis S.Y.Hu have been carried out to assess the systematic relevance of epidermal features and trichome diversity within the genus Sida L. Configuration of epidermal cells is polygonal to irregular with smooth or undulating outline. Leaves are amphistomatic and amphitrichomic. Six diverse morphological types of glandular and eglandular foliar trichomes are described. Stellate and peltate types of trichomes are characteristically found in all taxa studied. S. alii and S.spinosa are distinct in having long-stalked and short-stalked capitate trichomes. S. mysorensis is characterized by multicellular uniseriate trichomes, but these are not observed in other taxa of genus Sida. The results of foliar epidermal anatomy, especially type, distribution and structure of foliar trichomes are of high systematic value in this genus of family Malvaceae.

Key words: Foliar anatomy, trichomes, capitate glands, malvaceae.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (7), pp. 001-010, July, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anatomical and Morphological Profiling of Salvia tchihatcheffii: A Turkish Endemic Species

Kâmuran Akta1*, Cânan Özdemir1, Mustafa Özkan2 Yurdanur Akyol3 and Pelin Baran1

1Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Manisa/Turkey.
2Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Kırsehir/Turkey.
3Ege University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Izmir/Turkey.

Accepted 7 March, 2025

In this study, the morphological and anatomical properties of SALVIA TCHIHATCHEFFII (Fisch. & Mey.) Boiss. (Lamiaceae) which is endemic to Turkey was investigated. S. TCHIHATCHEFFII has a perennial taproot. In contrast to the other SALVIA species that was investigated before the plant has two different stem as fertile and sterile stem with round in shape. Sterile stem is prostrate, leafy, fertile stem is procumbent-ascending, unbranched. The stamen type of the plant is A. We observed that in cross-section sterile stem three different cortex layer, with one of them is formed as crescent shape. In addition, the glandular hairs of the investigated species are classified. Other anatomical features are discussed too. The results are presented with photographs, drawings and tables.

Key words: Anatomy, Lamiaceae, morphology, Salvia tchihatcheffii.