International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of honey on sialidase activities in blood and liver of adult wistar rats

Wilson J. I.

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Delta State University, Abraka. Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 19 November, 2022

Abstract

Honey is a sweet viscous fluid produced by bees. Honey which contains mainly fructose and glucose is either taken as curative agent or substitute for refined sugar, yet its chronic effect on blood and liver sialic acid levels have not been reported. This study reports an investigation into the sialic acid levels in liver, hemoglobin-free erythrocytes and plasma in adult Wistar rats exposed to chronic consumption of honey. Twenty adult Wistar rats, between 170 and 200 grams in weight were divided into four groups of five rats each. The rats were fed daily with 0%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of honey mixed with 100, 80, 70 and 60 grams of animal chow in groups I, II, III and IV, respectively for eight weeks. The Wistar rats were then sacrificed and blood and liver tissue samples were collected for sialic acid analyses. The sialic acid levels in the plasma free, haemoglobin-free erythrocytes and liver free sialic acid levels in groups II, III and IV induced by honey consumption showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) when compared with the control group I. Chronic consumption of honey may increase the risk of hepatic damage.

Keywords: Erythrocytes, Honey, Liver, Sialic acid, Sialidase.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 11 (9), pp. 001-008, September, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Mesterolone (Proviron) induces low sperm quality with reduction in sex hormone profile in adult male Sprague Dawley rats testis

Shittu Lukeman A. J.¹*, Shittu Remilekun K.², Osinubi Abraham A. A.³ and Tayo Adetokunbo A.⁴

¹Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Abuja, College of Health Sciences, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria.

²Medical Microbiology Unit, Bolomedics Laboratories, Egbeda, Lagos, Nigeria.

³Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 August, 2022

Abstract

Anabolic-androgenic steroid compounds are one of the most widely abused drugs by athletes and muscle builders with the goal of improving performance/muscle mass. However, increasing concern has been expressed because these compounds not only offer unappreciable benefits to infertile and subfertile males, but also might have deleterious effects on both human and animal physiology including sperm quality. In addition, there is the conflicting outcome of AAS usage in the clinical settings with its attendant reduced spermatogenesis and hypopituitarism in patient management. Hence, we aim to evaluate the effects of mestorolone, an anabolic-androgenic steroid, on the histomorphometry of seminiferous tubules with serum hormonal and seminal analyses in adult male Sprague-Dawley rat. Twenty adult male Sprague dawley rats divided into two groups of 10 each. The treated group received 0.06 mg/g body weight/ day of mesterolone (proviron) by oral gavage for six weeks while the control group received equal volume of 0.9% normal saline per day. SPSS analysis of data generated with P< 0.05 considered statistically significant. The result showed significant (P< 0.05) body weight gain in all the animals. However, both the raw testicular weight and relative testicular weight per 100 g bwt was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in control than treated. The mean sperm count significantly decreased by 28% (P< 0.05) and the motility reduced significantly by 56% (P< 0.05) in the treated compared to control. In addition, both FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and T (testosterone) of the treated were significantly lowered by 73% (P< 0.05) and 63% (P< 0.05) respectively compared to the control. The use of mesterolone is with caution and short intermittent therapy is desirous for better semen quality and improved overall fertility.

Key words: Proviron, sperm parameters, germ cells, stereology, hormonal profiles, Sprague dawley rats.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 11 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Skeletogenesis of the pelvic girdle and pelvic members in embryos of Caiman yacare (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

Fabiano Campos Lima¹*, André Luiz Quagliatto Santos², Lucélia Gonçalves Vieira², Cristiele Nunes Souto¹, Sônia Helena Santesso Teixeira de Mendonça ³, Simone Borges Salgueiro De Simone², Clarissa de Araújo Martins⁴ and Marcos Eduardo Coutinho³

¹Laboratório de Anatomia Humana e Comparativa, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Jataí – UFG, BR 364, Km 193, Setor Parque Industrial, 3800, 75801-615, Jataí, GO.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +55 (64) 3606-8268

²Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Animais Silvestres. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará s/n, Bloco 2F, 38400-000, Uberlândia, MG.

³Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, ICMBio, Centro de Conservação e Manejo de Répteis e Anfíbios, EQSW 103/104 Bloco C, Setor Sudoeste 70670-350 Brasília – DF.

⁴Universidade para o Desenvolvimento do Estado e da Região do Pantanal, Rua Alexandre Herculano 1400, 79037- 280, Campo Grande – MS.

Accepted 25 June, 2022

Abstract

Caiman yacare embryos were collected and subjected to the bone cleared and Alizarin staining to analyze the ontogenic patterns of the skeletal ossification of the pelvic girdle and members. Ossification of C. yacare pelvis begins at 36 days of incubation. The femur, tibia and fibula present simultaneous stain retention at 30 days. It has four tarsal bones, the calcaneus, the talus, distal III and distal IV. Their ossification starts with the calcaneus from the 40th day of incubation, followed by the talus. At 54 days, the distal tarsal IV is conspicuous, as is the outline of the distal III. Each foot has five metatarsi (MT) and 13 phalanges (phalangeal formula 2:3:4:4). Ossification of the metatarsi begins at 36 days and follows the sequence MTI=MTII=MTIII=MTIV>MTV. The first phalanges begin the ossification process on the 36th day and continue up to the last day of incubation. The sequence of ossification of the proximal phalanges is PPI=PPII=PPIII>PPIV, while that of the medial phalanges is MPII> MPpIII>MDpIII>MPpIV>MDpIV and that of the distal phalanges is DPI>DPII>DPIII>DPIV, and the ontogenic pattern of the bones of the pelvic girdle and members of C. yacare differs from that of other reptiles, albeit with a few similarities.

Key words: Alizarin, morphology, ossification, pantanal caiman, reptiles.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 11 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of supplementing Aloe vera gel and garlic powder on blood biochemical parameters and immune response of broiler

Rozbeh Fallah

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +989372986016.

Accepted 25 April, 2022

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of supplementing different levels of Aloe vera gel and garlic powder on blood biochemical parameters and immune response of broiler. For this purpose, one hundred and sixty, one-day-old, Ross chicks were used, in completely randomized design, in four treatments and each with four replicates. The treatment groups consisted of: control group fed only with non-supplemented basal diet, group 2 supplemented with 3% aloe vera in drinking water, group 3 supplemented with 3% garlic powder in diet and group 4 supplemented with 1.5% aloe vera in drinking water + 1.5% garlic powder in diet, which were reared for 42 days. The result of this experiment showed no significant difference in heterophil to lymphocyte ratio at 42 days of age between control and treated groups. The other results of this investigation showed that broilers receiving Aloe vera gel and garlic powder had lower blood glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and Triglycerides concentrations compared to control group. However, higher total protein concentrations were observed with supplementation of Aloe vera gel and garlic powder than control group. Although, there was no significant difference between the control and treated groups in antibody titres against Newcastle and Influenza, the highest amount of anti body titres for Newcastle and Influenza were observed in group - 4 on 18 and 28 days.

Key words: Aloe vera , garlic powder, blood parameters, immune parameters , broiler.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 11 (3), pp. 001-027, March, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Ameliorative potentials of medicinal plants on the pathophysiological complications of diabetes mellitus: A review

Adeyi Akindele O.¹*, Nneji Lotanna, M.² and Idowu Babatunde A.³

¹Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

²Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

³Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 February, 2022

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with grievous pathophysiological complications which affect various parts of the body and manifesting in different ways which include acute and chronic neuropathy, nephropathy, gastropathy, retinopathy, micro and macro cardiovascular disorders and erectile dysfunction. Incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus is fast becoming high in middle and low income countries where about 80% of people living in those countries depend on orthodox medicine. Numerous and varied reports abound in literature on studies conducted to investigate the ameliorative effects of medicinal plants on various pathophysiological complications of diabetes mellitus. This report therefore presents a review of the effects of medicinal plants on the complications of diabetes mellitus stating the components of the plants responsible for these effects and the possible mechanisms.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, medicinal plants, diabetic complications, neuropathy, nephropathy, gastropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidaemia, erectile dysfunction.