International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Suppressive effects of Momordica charantia on pituitary-testicular axis and sperm production in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Oshiozokhai Eboetse YAMA*, Francis Ikechukwu DURU, Ademola Ayodele OREMOSU, Carmen Cressie NORONHA and Abayomi OKANLAWON

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Accepted 13 November, 2019

Abstract

Momordica charantia plant is quite common in Africa and Asia, known in folkloric medicine to affect adversely the reproductive system by mechanism yet to be fully understood. The aim is to determine the effects of M. charantia with and without testosterone administration; on hormonal levels and sperm production (number and motility) in rats. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, divided randomly into six groups (MC, TP-MC, MC-TP, MC+TP, TP and DW for group I, II, III, IV, V and VI, respectively). Groups I to V were fed daily for 16 weeks, with either 50 mg/100 g body weight (b.w) /day M. charantia seed extract (MC) or intramuscularly injected with 0.05 mg/kg b.w testosterone propionate (TP) thrice/week. Group VI (negative control) were administered daily with distilled water (DW). Serum gonadotrophins, prolactin and testosterone concentrations and sperm production were measured. M. charantia extract resulted in significant reduction in serum gonadotrophins and testosterone concentrations, with an increase in prolactin level. Sperm production was decreased significantly compared to control. It produced responses that were rather modulatory when concurrently administered with TP. M. charantia seed extract suppresses the pituitary-testicular axis and sperm production in male rats. Thus, it could be developed to a contraceptive drug for men.

Key words: Momordica charantia, testosterone, prolactin, gonadotrophins.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Influence of waist circumference and body mass index on the levels of adipokines, insulin and lipid parameters in normal overweight young Saudi females

Maha Abdelkader Hegazi¹, Hanan Ahmad Al-Kadi¹, Eman Mokbel Alissa²* and Azra Kirmani¹

¹Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

²Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Accepted 21 November, 2019

Abstract

Abnormal lipid profile, insulin resistance and hypoadiponectinemia are well recognized risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. These risk factors are more prevalent among subjects with increased body adiposity. To study the relationships of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with fasting adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity, a cross-sectional study was undertaken on 127 healthy young females randomly recruited from the College of Medicine at KAU in KSA. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters were estimated. Significant increase in insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and LDL-C were found in subjects with WC > 80 cm compared to those with WC ≤ 80 cm. When the mean of the 3rd quartile of WC was taken as a cutoff point, similar increase in all the parameters was also found in addition to a significantly lower adiponectin level at a WC ≥ 74 cm. Similar abnormalities were found at BMI ≥ 23 kg/m² (mean of the 2nd quartile). Moreover, WC was a negative predictor of adiponectin and a positive one of insulin and HOMA-IR, while BMI was a positive predictor of FBG, TC, TG and LDL-C. In conclusion, hypoadiponectemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance were observed at WC and BMI that are normal by Western definitions. Our findings suggest the need to establish local WC and BMI cutoff points to identify subjects with hyperlipidemia, hypoadeponectinemia, and insulin resistance that may be missed when the Western and North American criteria are used.

Key words: Lipid profile, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, Saudi female.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Craniometric patterns of three Nigerian ethnic groups

E. I. Odokuma¹*, P. S. Igbigbi¹, F. C. Akpuaka² and U. B. Esigbenu¹

¹Department of Anatomy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.

²Department of Anatomy, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.

Accepted 09 November, 2019

Abstract

The usefulness of craniometry in facilitating proper identification of skeletal remains and in emphasizing a common origin of studied populations is far reaching. Conducting anthropological studies with the aim of obtaining the characteristics of ethnic groups assists not only in understanding the frequency distribution of human morphologies but also in providing the basis for comparison of races. Craniometric patterns were studied in three selected ethnic groups in Nigeria and this study will no doubt form a baseline data for subsequent studies especially as regards the studied populations. This study involved 699 (male 361; female 338) volunteers whose age ranged 18 and over. Respondents were selected along three ethnic groups including Urhobo (male 156; female 147), Ibo (male 141 female 145 and Edo (male 64; female 46) and it was ensured that population for the study was collected using a random stratified method. The cranial volume was measured using standard techniques and it was shown to exhibit strong sexual dimorphism and was useful in differentiating inter and intra population groups. The results showed a significant effect of cranial volume on the measured ethnic groups at 0.05 level of significance. While the Ibo’s had an average cranial volume of 1273.39 cm³, that of the Urhobo’s was 1255.89 and 1310.08 cm³ for the Edo people. Also the cranial capacity of male (1334.34 cm³) was significantly different from that of female (1204.54 cm³) in all the studied tribes, male being larger than that of female p < 0.05.

Key words: Craniometric patterns, ethnic groups, head length, head breadth, auricular height.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Prostatic adenocarcinoma coexisting with schistosomiasis: A case report and review of literature

Agabus N. Manasseh*, Godwins O. Echejoh, Matthew N. Tanko, Olugbenga O. Silas, Nuhu K. Dakum and Barnabas M. Mandong

Departments of Anatomical Pathology and Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos. Nigeria.

Accepted 05 October, 2019

Abstract

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is the commonest form of cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer death. Not much is known about the aetiology of prostatic cancer. We report a rare case of prostatic adenocarcinoma coexisting with schistosomiasis of the prostate, and review of literature. The association between schistosomiasis and cancer has been well documented in bladder cancer, implicating the genotoxic effect of chronic inflammatory process from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the nitrosating action of bacterial infection. There are no data yet proving the association of this disease with prostate neoplasia. The theory of the genotoxic effect of chronic inflammatory process may explain a “cause and effect” association between prostate cancer and schistosomiasis. A pertinent question therefore is, does schistosomiasis cause tumorigenesis in all tissues affected? This is the first record of prostatic schistosomiasis in association with prostatic cancer in our centre.

Key words: Tropical disease, parasite, carcinoma, prostate.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Anthropometric comparison of nasal indices between Andoni and Okrika tribes of Rivers State, Nigeria

Oladipo G. S.¹*, Eroje M. A.² and Fahwehinmi H. B.¹

¹Anatomy Department Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

²Anatomy Department Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Accepted 15 November, 2019

Abstract

A comparative study on Nasal Index was carried out on subjects from Andoni and Okrika tribes of Rivers State in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Four hundred individuals were randomly selected from each tribe comprising 200 males and 200 females, respectively. The ages of the subjects ranged from 21-30 years. The height of the nose (NH) and the breadth of the nose (NB) were measured for each subject using a sliding caliper and the nasal index calculated. The mean nasal index of the Adonis was 79.83 ± 4.19 and 83.77 ± 1.09 for male and female respectively while that of the Okrikas males and females were 86.23 ±1.72 and 86.46 ± 2.37, respectively. The mean nasal index of the Okrika tribe was 86.38 ± 1.35 and this was significantly higher than the mean nasal index of Andoni tribe (81.86 ± 2.26) p< 0.05. Thus the Okrikas fall within the Platyrrhine nose type while the Andonis fall within the Mesorrhine nose type.

Key words: Nasal indices, platyrrhine, mesorrhine, Okrika, Andoni, Nigeria.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

An assessment of the histomorphometric evidences of doxorubicin-induced testicular cytotoxicity in Wistar rats

L. C. Saalu¹*, L. A. Enye¹ and A. A. Osinubi²

¹Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria.

²Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Accepted 15 October, 2019

Abstract

Doxorubicin (DOX) also known as hydroxydaunorubicin is a drug used in cancer chemotherapy. It is one of the earliest compounds derived from an antibiotic group of chemotherapy known as anthracycline. It strives to kill malignant cells and produces tumor regression in a variety of human neoplasms. However, its clinical usefulness is limited by its proven toxicity to certain organs particularly the heart and the kidney. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a single dose of DOX on the seminiferous tubulesof rats. Forty male adult (11 to 13 weeks old) wistar rats weighing 185-210 g were used for this research work. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten rats each. Group 1 rats were given a single dose of normal saline (2.5 ml/kg) body weight ip and then were sacrificed a day after. Group 2 animals had 10 mg DOX per kg body weight intraperitoneally (ip) as a single dose. These rats were sacrificed the day after DOX administration. Group 3 animals had 10 mg DOX per kg body weight ip as a single dose but were sacrificed on the 56th day. Group 4 rats had similar treatment as those in group 3, except that they were sacrificed at the end of the 16^th week after DOX administration. The gross anatomical parameters assessed included the testicular weights and volumes while stereological parameters estimated include: diameter and cross-sectional area of the seminiferous tubules; number of profiles per unit area and numerical density of seminiferous tubules. The results showed that there was a general destruction along with degeneration of cells of the seminiferous epithelium following DOX administration. There was also a demonstratable progressive worsening of the testicular derangement with passage of time following DOX challenge. We conclude that DOX has a deleterious effect on the testis.

Key words: Doxorubicin, testis, histomorphometry.