International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2024. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring the efficacy of CT-Guided percutaneous microwave ablation in lung tumors: An initial study

Xin Li^1,2, Baowei Dong¹, Lin Sheng¹, Xiaoling Yu¹, Zhiyu Han¹, He Ren¹, Qiujie Shao² and Ping Liang¹*

¹Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P. R. China.

²Department of Ultrasound, Chinese General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, 69 Yongding Road, Beijing 100039, P. R. China.

Accepted 24 August, 2023

Abstract

To assess the feasibility and safety of percutaneous microwave ablation of the lung in rabbits, percutaneous puncture and lung microwave ablation were performed in seven New Zealand white rabbits under computed tomography (CT) guidance. Technical feasibility and complications were evaluated. Two rabbits were sacrificed immediately and gross and microscopic pathology was analyzed. The remaining rabbits received CT scans 1 week and 3 months later. CT scans showed the ablation size was 1.1 ~ 1.6 cm immediately after ablation. The lesions shrank slightly 1 week later. After 3 months, the ablation lesions involuted significantly and even disappeared. Mild pneumothorax was found in 2 rabbits but resolved spontaneously 1 week later. Histologic changes in the microwave lesions were observed which were characterized by the central necrosis and edema of surrounding tissues. It is feasible and safe to perform CT-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of the lung in rabbits. Although further study is still required; microwave ablation can be used as a minimally invasive and effective therapeutic technique in patients with lung tumors.

Key words: Lung, computed tomography, microwave ablation.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 12 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Protective effect of ethanol extract of neem leaves on cisplatin-induced kidney damage in wistar rats

Terkula Kpela¹*, Theresa B. Ekanem² and Amaber O. Akpantah²

¹Department of Anatomy, Benue State University College of Health Sciences, Makurdi, Nigeria.

²Department of Anatomy, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

Accepted 27 January, 2023

Abstract

The protective effect of neem leaf extract on cisplatin-induced kidney damage in wistar rats was investigated. Twenty rats weighing 180-200g were divided into four treatment groups, each containing five animals. Group I served as control. Group II received a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (10 mg/kg) on day one. Group III received oral administration of neem leaf extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day for 14 days followed by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Group IV received a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin at a dose of 10 mg/kg on day one followed by oral doses of neem leaf extract (500 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. All animals were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia two days after the last treatment day of the experiment. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis of serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. The kidneys were removed and processed through paraffin sections for hematoxylin and eosin as well as deoxyribonucleic acid staining. Results showed that cisplatin-induced apoptosis, necrosis, and raised serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine levels were normalized by pretreatment with neem leaf extract. We conclude, therefore, that neem leaf extract can attenuate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in wistar rats.

Keywords: Nephrotoxicity, cisplatin, neem leaf extract, wistar rat.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 12 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Investigating the prevalence of HBsAg among Fulani Nomads in Toro, North-Eastern Nigeria

Gambo, I.M.¹*, Rabiu, A.M.¹, Muhammad, M.B.² and Shugaba, A.I.²

¹Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.

²Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.

Accepted 03 September, 2022

Abstract

This study aimed at studying the prevalence of HBsAg among Fulani nomads in Toro,Nigeria. Patients (n=182) were included in this study. Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained. Samples were collected and processed using a standard laboratory procedure. HBV antigen was determined using a Skytec Rapid Diagnostic Kits. the age of the subjects ranged 18-55 years (mean age= 33years). Samples were obtained from asymptomatic subjects from November 2011 to June 2012.The gender-specific seroprevalence was found to be in the ratio of about 2:1 male-female. Infection rate was found to be higher in those between 25 and 29 years (8.2%) followed by those the age group 30-37 years (6.0%). The seroprevalence of HBV infection in this study was therefore found to be gender specific (P<0.05). This study revealed a considerably high level of infection rates among the Fulanis in Toro North-Eastern Nigeria. It is an indication of poor health education among the study group and this call for stringent measures to tackle the spread of the disease. Massive health education and immunization campaign will assist in curving the trend of the infection thereby reducing the long-term burden of the disease.

Keywords: HBV, Seroprevalence, Toro, North-Eastern Nigeria.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring the effects of stress on white blood cell function in female wistar rats

A.I. Shugaba¹*, S. A. Ojo², A.S. Asala³, A.M. Rabiu⁴, C.B. Uzokwe¹ and J.O. Hambolu²

¹Department of anatomy, faculty of medical sciences, university of Jos, Nigeria.

²Department of vetinary anatomy, faculty of vetinary medicine, A.B.U. Zaria, Nigeria.

³Department of anatomy, college of health sciences, university of Abuja, Nigeria.

⁴Department of physiology, faculty of medical sciences, university of Jos, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 November, 2022

Abstract

The effect of induced physical and oxidative stress on the white blood cells (WBC) of female Wistar rats was investigated. 40 matured female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (A.B.C.D) ten per group. Group A, control, Group B, mono enucleation, Group C, bilateral enucleation and Group D, alcohol treated. The total and differential white cell counts were evaluated over the six weeks period of the induced stress. The results revealed no difference in the average total and differential white cell counts of the mono and bilaterally enucleated groups. While the alcohol treated group showed increase especially in the total WBC, neutrophils and eosinophils compared to the control group (P-value <0.05).

Keywords: Induced stress, Female Wistar rats, White blood cells (WBC)

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-011, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Contraceptive effect of Lawsonia innermis (henna) in the Amo women of Jengre, Bassa local government area, Plateau state using the albino rats as experimental animals 

Shugaba AI¹, Mohammed SO², Shinku F¹, Gambo IM³, Uzokwe CB¹, Mohammed MB¹, Rabiu AM³, Umar MBT¹

¹Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos Nigeria.

²Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aminu Kano University Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.

³Department of Human Physiology,Faculty of Medical Sciences,University of Jos, Jos Nigeria.

Accepted 03 September, 2022

Abstract

To test if Lawsonia innermis have any anti-fertility effects. To test the mechanisms of action of the plant using albino rats as experimental animals and to determine if conception is present after administration of plant extract. Experimental rats were used in accordance to the WHO regulatory procedures. Wister rats weighing 35g - 45g, three males and seven females at 3 weeks of age were used. Period covered by the experiment was two months. The selection of animals for use in the study was determined by the presence of at least two consecutive 4 - day estrous cycle. The animals which were divided into three groups were administered 5mls and 10mls of extract (Lawsonia Innermis) for four days. On the fifth day, fertile males were introduced using the 2:1 ratio (female to male) and were allowed to return with the females until the experiment was terminated. The control (third) group was given normal saline orally. The extract of the plant`s root was used. Its phytochemical analysis revealed that it contained saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids and flavonoids balsam. The median lethal dose 3200C 170mg/Kg body weight. Mating was confirmed with the presence a of dead sperm cells in the vagina smear. Following the administration of the extract, the rats were sacrificed humanely the uterus removed and sections were made, stained and viewed microscopically. The effect of this plant was found to be dose dependent causing distortion in the normal histology of the ovary, preventing the formation of follicular cavity and arresting oocytes development and maturation. It also reduced the luminal diameter of the uterus and changed its normal star shaped appearance to oval shape. The results obtained from this research indicate that Lawsonia innermis has anti-contraceptive properties that are dose-dependent.

Keywords: Lawsonia innermis, contraception, albino rats, Amo women.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Short  Communication

Cardiothoracic ratio of non - hypertensive patients at Jos University teaching hospital (JUTH)

A Shugaba¹*, M Umar¹, A Asunugwo¹, C. Uzokwe¹, A Rabiu², R Matthew³ and S Mohammed⁴

¹Department of Human Anatomy, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

²Department of Human Physiology, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

³Pathfinder International, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Radiology, Maitama General Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.

Accepted 17 October, 2022

Abstract

Radiography of the heart and great vessels is the commonest examination performed as routine investigation of cardiovascular system; it identifies abnormalities associated with the size, shape and contours of the heart. The aim of the study is to determine the mean cardiothoracic ratio among non-hypertensive patients at Jos university teaching hospital (JUTH).A retrospective assessment of 126 chest radiographs of non- hypertensive patients performed at radiology unit of university of Jos teaching hospital from June 2009 to July 2010 using the simple random sampling method.Of the 126 subjects 73 were males and 53 were females within an age range of 18- 86years. The mean cardiothoracic ratio (C.T.R) was 0.462. From the study 126 patients (73 males and 53 females) had their CTR measured and there was no significant difference between the CTR of males and females p 0.115 >0.05 The mean heart diameter is 13.3849, mean thoracic diameter 28.9357 and mean CTR 0.4622

Keywords: Cardiothoracic ratio, non - hypertensive patients and Jos University teaching hospital (JUTH)