International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2019.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Determination of enantiomeric compositions of ibuprofen by infrared spectrometry with catalytic amount of simple chiral recognition reagent

Xiaojing Chen^1,2, Xiangou Zhu^1,2 and Jun Jiang^1,2*

¹College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, People’s Republic of China.

²College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Information, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, People’s Republic of China.

Accepted 13 May, 2019

Abstract

Catalytic amount of cheap chiral recognition reagent (quinine) combined with chemometric and infrared spectroscopy (IR) was used for quick and accurate determination of the enantiomeric compositions of ibuprofen. First of all, full spectrum was used as the input variable of partial least regression (PLS) to establish the calibration model, after which a good prediction rate of the average error of 4.65% was obtained. Then, wavelet transform (WT) algorithm, with strong compression ability, was employed to obtain a more concise model. The low-frequency coefficients were extracted by the simplest Harr wavelet function, and were used as the input variables to establish the calibration, after which a good prediction rate of the average error of 3.60% was obtained. All the results showed that the combination of partial least squares and infrared spectroscopy can be used for quick and accurate prediction of the enantiomeric excess (ee) value of ibuprofen.

Key words: Ibuprofen, enantiomeric compositions, quinine, infrared, wavelet transform.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (9), pp. 001-005, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effects of tobacco smoke generated from cigarettes exposed to pulsed electromagnetic field in the rat

Predrag Vukomanović¹, Milan Jokanović¹* and Zoran Radosavljević²

¹Faculty of Medicine, University of Nish, Serbia.

²Special Hospital for Internal Diseases, Mladenovac, Serbia.

Accepted 21 April, 2019

Abstract

In this study, we have investigated the toxic effects of tobacco smoke obtained from cigarettes treated in pulsed electromagnetic field in the rat. The treatment of cigarettes was accomplished before the initiation of animal studies after exposure of standard cigarettes to pulsed electromagnetic irradiation of low power (>10^-7W) and wide frequency spectrum (30 Hz to 300 GHz) during 24 h according to the technology described in patents WO 01/26493, EP 1092354, US 2004/0206366A1 and AU2933700 entitled “Method for the Qualitative Improvement of the Products of Tobacco Plant”. Rats of both sexes were exposed to tobacco smoke obtained after burning 16 or 32 cigarettes per day during 90 days. The toxicity was assessed on the basis of clinical appearance, changes in behavior, biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke (carboxyhemoglobin in blood and thiocyanates in serum) and histopathological and morphological analysis of the lungs of all animals included in the study. The results obtained have shown that, the smoke generated from treated cigarettes formed significantly lower amount of carboxyhemoglobin in rats of both sexes when compared to standard nontreated cigarettes and the effect was dose-dependent. Tobacco smoke obtained from standard nontreated cigarettes induced significant dose-dependent increase of thiocyanate concentration in serum. However, in rats exposed to the smoke of treated cigarettes, there were no differences in thiocynate concentration when compared to controls not exposed to tobacco smoke. The results of morphometrical analysis in the rats exposed to tobacco smoke generated from standard nontreated cigarettes have shown statistically significant and dose-dependent decrease in participation of the lung parenchima in total lung surface up to 34% in male rats and up to 18% in female rats exposed to the higher dose of nontreated cigarette smoke. In addition, in these rats the mean alveolar circumference was incresed for about 17%. In rats exposed to the smoke of treated cigarettes there were no histopathological changes and differences in morphometrical parameters when compared to control animals. In conclusion, the results of this study have shown that, after treatment of cigarettes in pulsed electromagnetic field, the cigarettes produced tobaco smoke that was much less toxic in rats of both sexes exposed by inhalation route during 90 days when compared to the same cigarettes that were not treated in electromagnetic field.

Key words: Tobacco smoke, carboxyhemoglobin, thiocyanates, pulsed electromagnetic field.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (9), pp. 001-007, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Rifabutin loaded floating gellan gum beads: In vitro and in vivo evaluation

Anurag Verma¹* and Jayant K. Pandit²

¹Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, IFTM, Moradabad, 244001, India.

²Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.

Accepted 12 April, 2019

Abstract

Rifabutin loaded floating gellan gum beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation in acidic medium. Buoyancy to the beads was attributed to the use of gas-generating agent, which produced an extremely porous internal structure lighter than gastric juice. Beads exhibited excellent buoyancy and remained buoyant up to 18 h. Drug incorporation efficiency of the beads was found to be dependent on the concentration of Ca⁺⁺ and gellan gum whereas drug release was dependent only on Ca⁺⁺ concentration. When administered orally to albino rats, beads floated on the gastric juice and released the drug into the stomach. Furthermore, blood samples were withdrawn periodically and rifabutin concentrations in the blood were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data obtained in this study demonstrated that floating beads bearing rifabutin were capable of stomach specific delivery of drug for longer period with increased bioavailability compared to pure drug as well as with non-floating drug containing beads. Overall, gellan gum loaded floating beads have a promising potential to treat multidrug resistant Helicobacter pylori infection.

Key words: Gellan gum, rifabutin, floating beads, Helicobacter pylori.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-007, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Eupatilin: A flavonoid compound isolated from the artemisia plant, induces apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in human melanoma A375 cells

Ali Al Shawi^1#, Azhar Rasul^1#, Muhammad Khan¹, Furhan Iqbal² and Ma Tonghui¹*

¹Membrane Channel Research Laboratory, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.

²Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

Accepted 14 April, 2019

Abstract

Eupatilin is a flavonoid compound isolated from the Artemisia plant. Eupitillin possesses antioxidant as well as potent anticancer properties. In this study, for the first time, we examined the anti-proliferative effects of Eupatilin in human melanoma A375 cells and its ability to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Eupatilin specifically induced morphological changes in A375 cells and was less toxic to the normal mouse splenocytes. The inhibitory effects of A375 cells were associated with the DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic effects of Eupatilin were further verified by using Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining in flow cytometry. These results suggest that Eupatilin is an effective natural compound that worth further mechanistic and therapeutic studies against human melanoma.

Key words: Eupatilin, melanoma, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Formulation and evaluation of solid dispersions of Rofecoxib for improvement of dissolution profile

Vyas Jigar¹*, Vyas Puja¹ and Patel Jayvadan²

¹Sigma Institute of Pharmacy, Baroda, Gujarat, India.

²Nootan Pharmacy College, Visnagar, Gujarat, India.

Accepted 14 April, 2019

Abstract

Rofecoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, mainly used for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and dysmenorrhea. The major problem with this drug is its very low solubility in biological fluids, which results in poor bioavailability after oral administration. Therefore, solid dispersions of Rofecoxib with urea, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K30 were prepared by different methods and evaluated with a view to increase its water solubility and hence to improve the dissolution profile. Solid dispersions were prepared and evaluated for solubility, melting point and % practical yield. Two solid dispersions showing maximum solubility were selected and formulated into tablet. The tablets were exposed to routine quality control tests like hardness, friability, weight variation and disintegration. The dissolution profiles of these formulations were studied in 0.1 N HCl and compared with marketed tablet as well as pure drug. At the end of 30 min, formulation TFG3 gave the highest drug release that is 99.10%, followed by TSG3 (90.32%) whereas marketed tablet and plain drug gave 71.22 and 24.14% respectively. The present study conclusively demonstrated that, solubility and dissolution profile of Rofecoxib was significantly improved by preparing solid dispersion with water soluble carriers.

Key words: Rofecoxib, solubility, solid dispersion, hydrophilic carriers, dissolution.