International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study on serum leptin, lipoproteins and glucose levels of judoists and cyclists of Turkey

Mehmet Türkmen

Yasar Dogu School of Physical Education and Sports, Ondokuzmayis University, Samsun, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +90 362 3121919/ 2790, +90 5326588027. Fax: +90 3624576000.

Accepted 14 April, 2018

Abstract

Fat metabolism is important for judo in weight loss and recovery and for cycling in the energy production and recovery during workouts and competitions. Leptin controls the size of fat stores by inhibiting appetite. The purpose of this study was to compare serum leptin, lipoproteins and glucose levels between male national judoists and cyclists. The subjects of this study consist of totally 61 athletes, including 24 Turkish National junior judoists and 37 senior national cyclists. The mean age, training age and body mass index (BMI) of two groups are different from each other. Both judoists and cyclists were training before international competitons. Analyses of serum lipoproteins, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, were determined by an automated chemistry analyzer kits. The differences between two groups was tested by Mann-Whitney U test and the correlations among parameters was obtained from Pearson Correlation formula. There were statistically significant differences in the mean age, training experience and BMI between judoists and cyclists statistical analyzes showed no significant difference among the means of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and leptin between two groups. Significant differences were observed in the mean glucose, insulin and HDL values between judoists and cyclists. Significant difference was found only at 0.01 level in the mean of insulin and at 0.05 level in other parameters. Judoists had a higher insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels than the cyclists, whereas cyclists had higher values than judoists In the mean of insulin, HDL and leptin. Cyclists also had lower insulin sensitivity than judoists. In conclusion, neither judo nor cycling had an effect on leptin, LDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol level. But glucose, insulin and HDL levels were changed depending on type of sports.

Key words: Judo, cycling, leptin, homeostasis model assessment, lipoproteins, insulin resistance, serum leptin, glucose levels judoists, cyclist.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-007, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessment of drug interactions in elderly patients of a family health care unit in Aracaju (Brazil): A pilot study

Raquel S. Mendes-Netto¹, Claudia Q. V. Silva¹, Alfredo D. Oliveira Filho^1,2, Chiara E. Rocha³ and Divaldo P. Lyra-Junior¹*

¹Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.

²Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil.

Accepted 15 May, 2018

Abstract

This pilot study aimed to assess drug-drug and drug-food interactions in elderly patients of a Family Health Care Unit in Aracaju, Brazil. A descriptive pilot study was performed through an interview questionnaire with 35 elderly patients (28 women) of the Family Health Care Unit. The range of consumed medications was 1 to 7, and the rate was 3.1 medications/person. This pilot study identified that 34 elderly used multiple medication and its related problems such as risk of polypharmacy (5) and drug interaction (34) . The class of drugs most commonly used was related to cardiovascular system, and alimentary tract and metabolism. Prescriptions with 2 to 3, 4 to 5 and 6 to 7 medications showed potential drug-drug interaction (39, 88.8 and 100%, respectively). Some drugs could not be administrated at meal time. These findings highlight the need for additional studies to further evaluate clinical outcomes associated with polypharmacy and potential drug-drug and drug-food interactions.

Key words: Drug-drug interactions, drug-food interactions, elderly patients.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-010, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anticarcinogenic activity of Labisia pumila against 7, 12- dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA)/croton oil-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis

Azimahtol Hawariah Lope Pihie¹, Fezah Othman^1,2* and Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria²

¹School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

²Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Accepted 19 April, 2018

Abstract

Labisia pumila or locally known as Kacip Fatimah, is one of the most popular medicinal herb in Malaysia. Anticarcinogenic activity of this medicinal herb however, has not been reported until today. In this paper, the in vivo anticarcinogenic activity of L. pumila ethanol extract on two -stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model is reported. In the present study, we investigated whether L. pumila ethanol extract have an effect on tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, varying doses (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg bwt) of L. pumila ethanol extract were tested on 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/croton oil-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis. At the end of the experiment of 20 weeks, animals in carcinogen control group developed a mean number of 5.70 ± 1.3 skin tumors per tumor-bearing mouse and on the 16th week prompted a tumor incidence of 100%. Animals that have been treated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg bwt of L. pumila extract topically for 30 min developed a mean number of 3.60 ± 1.1, 3.20 ± 0.8 and 2.40 ± 0.7 skin tumors per tumor-bearing mouse with tumor incidence of 90, 60 and 50%, respectively. The tumor volume per tumor-bearing mice of carcinogen control animals was 121.03 ± 3.46 mm³, which was significantly (p<0.05) reduced to 92.27 ± 2.68, 69.24 ± 3.93 and 54.24 ± 4.38 mm³ for the animals treated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg bwt of L. pumila extract, respectively. In terms of tumor incidence and tumor burden, the highest dose (100 mg/kg bwt) of L. pumila ethanol extract was almost equipotent with curcumin (10 mg/kg bwt). The extract of L. pumila not only decreased the tumor incidence, tumor burden and tumor volume in DMBA/croton oil-induced mice but also delayed the skin tumor growth as compared to carcinogen control group. Further histopathological examination revealed that tumors from animals that have been treated with L. pumila showed intact basement membrane as compared to the tumors from the untreated animals. This finding suggested that L. pumila extract was able to suppress the progression of benign tumors to malignant stage in DMBA/croton oil-induced mice. Further studies should be carried out in order to identify the active compound responsible for the anticarcinogenic activities and the mechanism of action of L. pumila at the molecular level.

Key words: Chemoprevention, chemical carcinogenesis, Labisia pumila.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-005, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Pharmacological studies of some pyrimidino derivatives

Saleh A. Bahashwan

College of Health Sciences, Pharmacy Department, Taibah University, Medina Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +966505308524. Fax: +9668450144.

Accepted 07 April, 2018

Abstract

Pyrimidine derivatives, in general, have received significant interest due to their purported biological activities the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-Parkinsonism, and anti-microbial activities for five 2[(N-methyl indolyl)-methyl] pyrimidino derivatives 1-5 is reported. Pharmacological screenings showed that these compounds have good anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-Parkinsonism, and anti-microbial activities comparable with reference drugs. Compound 2 showed similar activity of diclofenac sodium as analgesic. Compound 1, 2, 4 and flurbiprofen exhibited essentially equipotent anti-inflammatory activities. Compounds 1 and 3 were the most potent anti-Parkinsonism agents compared with benztropine. In addition, compounds 1-5 showed antimicrobial activities comparable to streptomycin, erythromycin and fusidic acid as reference drugs. These pharmacological studies provide the activities for new pyrimidino derivatives and are expected to possess notable chemical and pharmacological activities for further pharmacological research.

Key words: Pyrimidino, pharmacological, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-Parkinsonism.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-009, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anti-oxidative effects of flavonoids enriched Corni fructus extract and the mechanism

Soo-Hwan Lim, Sung Ho Choi, Yun Im Oh and Sung-Jin Kim*

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea 130-701, Korea.

Accepted 14 April, 2018

Abstract

We tested to determine if Corni fructus extract has antioxidant activities and explored its potential mechanism in terms of iNOS and COX-II involvement. Anti-oxidative actions were explored by measuring free radical (NO, DPPH) scavenging activity, and TBARS levels. The mechanism of anti-oxidative action of Corni fructus extract was determined by performing Western blot analysis for iNOS and COX-II expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated Raw cells. 70% methanolic extract of Corni fructus exerted significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity in a dose-dependent manner. The DPPH-free radical scavenging activity was stronger than that of vitamin E. It also markedly inhibited TBARS formation. Strikingly, the Corni fructus extract has dramatic reducing power with maximal activity observed as 231-fold over control. Production of iNOS induced by LPS was significantly inhibited by the Corni fructus extract, suggesting it inhibits NO production by suppressing iNOS expression. However, COX-2 induced by LPS was not significantly altered by the Corni fructus extract. The Corni fructus extract contains anti-oxidant components including phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanin at the concentration of 18.07, 2.31 and 7.83 mg/g, respectively. The subsequent chloroform fraction enriched with flavonoids almost completely blocked the iNOS induction and NO production caused by LPS in the Raw cells.

Key words: Corni fructus, free radical, iNOS, NO, COX-II, lipid peroxidation.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-009, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Preparation and characterization of crosslinked and non-crosslinked polycaprolactone fumarate (PCLF) NPs as carriers for doxorubicin HCl

Narges Shokri¹, Hamid Akbari Javar^1,5*, Shamileh Fouladdel², Ali Khalaj³, Rasoul Dinarvand^1,4 and Ebrahim Azizi²

¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 16 Azar street, Engelab Sq, P. O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran, Iran.

²Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Molecular research lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

³Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

⁴Medical Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

⁵Department of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Malaysia.

Accepted 14 April, 2018

Abstract

Polycaprolactone fumarate (PCLF) is a biocompatible and biodegradable polyester which has been evaluated for tissue engineering. Hydrophobic PCLF nanoparticles (NPs) may be uptaken by reticule endotelial system rich organs and useful for treatment of related tumors. NPs of three PCLFs were produced through nanoprecipitation method. Crosslinked (CR) NPs were prepared using Benzyl peroxide (BPO) and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) under heating. Doxorubicin HCl (Dox) loaded NPs of PCLF530, 1250 and 2000 showed size of 149, 238 and 274 nm, respectively and zeta potential of about - 40 mV, while their drug loadings (DL%) were 2.1, 6.0 and 6.8%, respectively. Dox was released from the NPs in 2 to 4 days in phosphate buffer saline, pH 7.4 at 37°C. Crosslinking of NPs could be completed at BPO/PCLF of 0.01 and NVP/PCLF of 0.1 at 40°C with no change in NP size. PCLF530 NPs possessed a higher CR% than two other NPs. The CR% was reduced in formulations without NVP and with NVP/PCLF of 0.8. Electron microscopic images revealed spherical (CR and not CR) NPs and core-shell structure. PCLF1250 NPs showed both more DL% and smaller size in relation to NPs of PCLF530 and 2000, respectively with a prolonged drug release profile and can be useful as a passive targeted drug delivery system. PCLF NPs could be CR (64.3%) through chemical crosslinking and consequently higher DL% (11.6%), longer drug release (6 days) and smaller size (188 nm) than not CR NPs.

Key words: Crosslinked PCLF NPs, doxorubicin HCl, nanoparticles.