ISSN 2326-7275
Research Article
Morphometric analysis of the mental foramen in adult human mandible in saurashtra region
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 4 (6) pp. 081-084, September, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Morphometric analysis of the mental foramen in adult human mandible in saurashtra region
Ritika Patel1, *Ridhdhish Patel1, Mital Patel2
1P.G.Student, Department of Anatomy, M.P.Shah Govt. Medical College, Jamnagar, India
2Professor & Head, Department of Anatomy, M.P.Shah Govt. Medical College, Jamnagar, India
*Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 25 July, 2015
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the most common position, size and shape of the mental foramen in population of saurashtra region of Gujarat, which may useful for the future surgical implications. The mental nerve leaves the mandible via the mental foramen. The intra osseous course of the mental nerve is of particular importance in dental surgery. To get effective nerve blocks and avoids post surgical neurovascular complications, morphology and morphometry of the mental foramen is essential. This study was conducted using 62 dried adult human mandible of unknown sex obtained from Department of Anatomy, M.P.Shah Govt. Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. Morphology and Morphometry of mental foramen including size, shape and position of mental foramen were studied. The incidences of the accessory mental foramen were also studied. The findings indicated that most common position of mental foramen was position IV- the longitudinal axis of the second premolar for right side 25(40.32%) and left side 27(43.55%). The most common shape of the mental foramen was oval (79.03%). The accessory mental foramen was most commonly situated on right side 5(8.06%).
Key words: Mental Foramen (MF), Accessory Mental Foramen (AMF), morphometry, dental surgery, anatomical variations.
*Ridhdhish Patel and Mital Patel, Ritika Patel
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 4 (5), pp. 077-080, May, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
An assessment of the effect of methanolic extract of Portulaca oleracea on potassium bromate induced nephrotoxicity in mature wistar rats
Farida Ganiyu1, Aminu Haruna2* and Marwa Ali Sherriff2
1Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.
2Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 04 February, 2015
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of Portulaca oleracea on potassium bromate (KBrO3) induced nephrotoxicity in adult wistar rats. Twenty five adult wistar rats weighing 160-280 g were divided into five groups. The negative control group A was orally administered with 1 ml of distilled water daily, whereas the positive control group B was orally administered with 75 mg/kg/body weight for 14 days. Group C received 250 mg/kg/body weight of extract and 75 mg/kg/ body weight of KBrO3 after six hours orally. Group D received 500 mg/kg/body weight of extract and 75 mg/kg/ body weight of KBrO3 after six hours orally, while group E received oral dose of potassium bromate at 75 mg/kg/ body weight and 500 mg/kg/body weight of extract after six hours. Both the control and experimental groups were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia at the end of the period of administration. The results show that the body weights were reduced at the end of the period of administration. Histopathological examination indicated that group B (positive control group) showed nephrotoxicity, this is evidenced by the presence of inflammation and tubular dilatation within the renal cortex. Groups C and E showed significant recovery evidenced by the presence of normal kidney. Group D showed area of mild peri-capsular inflammation, that is, within and around the glomerulus. The prevention of nephrotoxicity induced by potassium bromate was observed to be higher in group E, which took the extracts six hours after the induction of potassium bromate when compared with group D, which took the extracts six hours before potassium bromate induction. This study suggests that oral administration of methanolic extract of P. oleracea significantly ameliorates potassium bromate induced nephrotoxicity in rats and seem to be useful in controlling kidney injury in drug induced nephrotoxicity.
Key words: Kidney, histopathology, potassium bromate, nephrotoxicity, Portulaca oleracea.
Farida Ganiyu, Aminu Haruna* and Marwa Ali Sherriff
Research Article
A study of antioxidant potentials of carotenoid on the spleen of mature wistar rats
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 4 (3), pp. 067-070, March, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of antioxidant potentials of carotenoid on the spleen of mature wistar rats
James Kalu Okpala*, Ovbiagele M.A and Chijioke Philips
Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Accepted 22 January, 2015
Abstract
Carotenoids are hypothesized to play a preventive role in a variety of diseases; however, little is known about their biodistribution and metabolism in humans and tissue specific bioactivity. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of carotenoid on the spleen of adult wistar rats following low and high administration. Twenty healthy wistar rats weighing between 150-210 kg were used. They were designated as groups A, B, C and D. Group A served as the control and received 0.35 ml of distilled water; the experimental groups B, C and D received 0.4 ml, 0.5 ml and 0.6 ml of carotenoid respectively for twenty-one days. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the animals were weighed, anaesthetized under the influence of chloroform vapour and dissected. Spleen tissues were removed, weighed and trimmed down to a size of 3 mm × 3 mm and fixed in 10% formaldehyde for histological studies. There was significant weight gain of experimental groups related to the control. The relative spleen weight of the experimental groups was statistically similar with that of the control. Histological finding showed that there was no destruction of the cytoarchitecture of the spleen tissues. These findings suggest that low and high consumption of carotenoid may not put the spleen at risk of adverse histopathological conditions.
Key words: Spleen weight, body weight, carotenoid, antioxidant, hepatoprotective.
Ovbiagele M.A and Chijioke Philips, James Kalu Okpala*
Case Report
Management of the left sided Gallbladder with abnormal cavity of cystic duct: A rare occurrence
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 4 (2), pp. 065-066, February, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Case Report
Management of the left sided Gallbladder with abnormal cavity of cystic duct: A rare occurrence
Muhammad Samit1, Ahmad Akram1 and Anurag Jalal2
1Department of Anatomy, Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Mandhana, Kanpur, India.
2Department of Surgery, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, (Distt - Ambala), Haryana, India.
Accepted 06 January, 2015
Abstract
Left sided gallbladders without situs inversus viscerum are a very rare occurrence with few cases reported in the literature. These gallbladders are situated between Segments III and IV or on Segment III to the left of the falciform ligament. Routine preoperative studies usually do not detect this anomaly and there is no difference in clinical presentation from normal situated gall bladders. Awareness of the unpredictable confluence of the cystic duct into the common bile duct and selective use of intraoperative cholangiography aid in the safe management of this unusual problem.
Key words: Left sided gallbladder, situs inversus, medioposition, sinistroposition
Muhammad Samit, Ahmad Akram and Anurag Jalal
Research Article
The variable origin of dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve and its clinical significance
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 4 (1), pp. 060-064, January, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full length Research paper
The variable origin of dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve and its clinical significance
Waseem Al Talalwah
King Abdullah International Medical Research Center / King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Hospital – NGHA, Saudi Arabia.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 18 August, 2014.
Abstract
The dorsal branch of ulnar nerve is usually arising proximal to the wrist innervating the skin on the dorsal aspect of the medial 1½ digits. The present study clarifies significance of the variable origin of the dorsal branch in case of coexistent ulnar palsy and neuroma result in diverse clinical pictures. Taking the distance between the medial epicondyle and the pisiform and dividing it into thirds (proximal, middle, distal) the current study, based on the dissection of 76upper limbs, found that the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve hada variable origin in the forearm, arising in the proximal, middle and distalthirds in 3.9%, 17.2%, 78.9% of specimens respectively. With a variability of dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve, there is a variability of clinical presentation according to site of ulnar nerve injury occurring before or after its origin. As a result, the injury occurring before the origin dorsal branch of ulnar nerve may present withdermatome and myetom dysfunction while the injury occurring after the origin dorsal branch of ulnar nerve may present withdermatome dysfunction. Therefore, the study clarifies the significance of the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve origintoorthopaedicstodecrease iatrogenic injury.
Key words: Ulnar nerve, dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve origin, ulnar nerve palsy, arthroscopy, claw hand internal fixation of ulna, ulnar neuropathy, ulnar neuroma, ulnar auto-graft.
Waseem Al Talalwah
Review
Toxic effects of formaldehyde on the nervous system
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 3 (3), pp. 050-059, October, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Review Article
Toxic effects of formaldehyde on the nervous system
Hussein Abdu1, Yamrot Kinfu2 and Asrat Agalu1*
1Wollo University, college of medicine and health sciences, Dessie, Ethiopia.
2Addis Ababa University, College of health sciences, school of medicine; department of anatomy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Email: [email protected]
Accepted 22 January, 2014
Abstract
Formaldehyde is a flammable, colourless gas with pungent odour and readily polymerized at ambient temperature. It is one of the major pollutants in indoor air. It is found in the environment as a result of natural processes and from man-made sources and it is widely used in industries and medical settings. Several symptoms might be manifested related to formaldehyde –exposure among which lethargy, decrease in motor activity, and loss of appetite is common. Formaldehyde resulted in minor headache to irreversible neurotoxicity and brain cancer. The neurotoxic effects produced by formaldehyde exposure are dependent on the concentration of formaldehyde and duration of exposure which is more pronounced in concentrated and increased duration of exposure. Acute exposure to low concentrations it leads to stimulation while in higher concentrations it acts as central nervous system depression. The formaldehyde exposure in adult and postnatal period results in an increase oxidant substances though it causes a decrease in the antioxidant enzymatic activity in the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus. It was indicated that formaldehyde induces several characteristics of neurotoxicity. Anatomists, histologists, pathologists, medical students, embalmers and members of industries utilizing formaldehyde is more exposed to formaldehyde gas. Therefore, it is recommended to use personal protective equipment, maintaining high room air exhaust rates and concentrations of formaldehyde in work places should be monitored by using standard measuring machines.
Key words: Toxicity, neurotoxic, formaldehyde, nervous system, concentration.
Yamrot Kinfu and Asrat Agalu*, Hussein Abdu