International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (6), pp. 001-003, June, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Anatomical Insights into the Roots of Two Solanaceae Species: Solanum macrocarpum and Solanum nigrum

Mbagwu, F. N.1*, Nwachukwu, C. U.2 and Okoro, O. O.1

1Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biology, Alvan Ikoku College of Education, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

Accepted 4 March, 2025

The anatomical characteristics of the roots of Solanum macrocarpum and Solanum nigrum were investigated to ascertain the relevance of these characters in establishment of interspecific similarities and differences in these two taxa. The results showed that there is concentration of vascular bundles at the central portion of the root cortex hence the endodermis is not well differentiated in both taxa. Again the epidermal cells are big and well differentiated in S. macrocarpum but small and well differentiated in S. nigrum. The epidermal cells range from pentagonal to hexagonal in S. macrocarpum but irregularly shaped in S. nigrum. The cells outside the cortex are thick and big in S. macrocarpum but thin, small and elongated in S. nigrum. Although, the size and number of vascular bundles are small and few in both taxa, the presence of one or two oxalate crystals that characterized S. macrocarpum but absent in S. nigrum is an interesting aspect of the root anatomy. The similarities in structures showed reasons for the two taxa to be in the same genus while the differences in root anatomical structures showed reasons for them to be as different species.

Key words: Anatomical features, roots, S. macrocarpon, S. nigrum, solanaceae, taxa.
 

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (6), pp. 001-010, June, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessing the Effects of Industrial Effluents on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): A Morphological and Anatomical Study

P. O. Uaboi-Egbenni¹*, P. N. Okolie², O. E. Adejuyitan³, A. O. Sobande³ and O. Akinyemi⁴

¹University of Venda for Science and Technology, Department of Microbiology, P.B. 5050 Thohoyandou, Limpopo
Province, South Africa.
²Yaba College of Technology, Department of Food Technology, P. M. B. 2011, Yaba Lagos, Nigeria.
³Yaba College of Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, P. M. B. 2011, Yaba Lagos,
Nigeria.
⁴University of Venda, Department of Statistics, P. B. 5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa.

Accepted 19 February, 2025

The authors investigated the impact of industrial effluents from 5 different industrial concerns in Lagos, Nigeria on Okra (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS). During the study, it was observed that these effluents induced detrimental effects on the flowering, fruiting, stem length, leaf width and leaf length of okra. Other parameters analysed were pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and oil level. Results obtained show that the main drain (MD) had the highest electrical conductivity (1961 µs, pH 10.43), as well as total dissolved solids (TDS, 977 mg/l). Effluent from toiletries had the highest concentration of oil (0.121) and the lowest pH (2.75). All effluents affected the time of flowering and fruiting of okra when compared with the control. The mean number and mean weight of fruits produced were also affected, although the extent varies from effluent to effluent. The effect was more pronounced in toiletries and plastic effluents where the mean values for fruit numbers was 3 and mean weight of 17.4 g. However, the mean weight for paint was higher than toiletries. Cross-sections of the experimental okra plants showed that the effluent affected the anatomical structures of the plant; the effect being more pronounced on okra grown on MD. The anatomy of the control grown okra was not affected. The leaves of okra grown on toiletries effluent had a less mean leaf length than those grown on the rest effluents. The same trend was recorded for the mean leaf width. The stem length of okra grown on paint effluent had the least mean value and hence most affected. The highest value for all parameters studied was recorded for the control. There was a significant difference between the means of length of leaf, stem and leaf width and those of the control, signifying the effects which industrial effluents could have on the growth and productivity of plants.

Key words: Abelmoschus, anatomy, effluent, cross-section, fruiting.
 

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anatomical Adaptations of Hydrophytes in Nigerian Aquatic Ecosystems

Adeniyi A. Jayeola1* and Ezekiel A. Folorunso2

1Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
2Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria.

Accepted 13 January, 2025

Structural features were studied in ten common hydrophytes from divergent groups, sampled from the Opa-Lake of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife and the creeks of the River Ramos in Ogbotogbo Nigeria. The preponderance of parenchyma tissue is striking in all the species whereas specialized tissues such as treachery elements, sclerieds and fibres are scanty and restricted. Lacuna varies in size from as large 8000 - 11000 µm in Scleria depressa to as small as 3 - 400 µm in Onagraceae sp., Commelina diffusa, Ludwigia suffruticosa and Zebrina pendula. Presence of multicellular trichomes distinguishes Lemna pausicoststa and L. suffruticosa from the remaining species. Chloroplasts were observed in various regions of stems in other species except S. depressa. These attributes represent different degrees of adaptation to aquatic life and are widely convergent among aquatic groups. The observed structural similarity may be related to uniformity of the aquatic habitat. All the same, variation in characters show sufficient discontinuity to support separation of the species studied for taxonomic evaluation.

Key words: Hydrophytes, structure, parenchyma, mechanical, chloroplasts, lacuna, convergence.
 

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring the Biochemical Properties of Hippophae rhamnoides L. spp. turkestanica Seeds

Alam Zeb* and Ijaz Malook

Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, N-W.F.P, Pakistan.

Accepted 10 January, 2025

Sea buckthorn is a valuable medicinal plant, cultivated and naturally grown in northern Pakistan. The plant produces berry with small hard seed in the centre. The seed is the source of all nutrients and phytochemcials. However, there is lack of literature regarding the biochemical and physico-chemical quality of the seed. This study consists of evaluation of the physiochemical parameters; elemental components, seed storage protein profile and anatomical structure of sea buckthorn ssp turkestanica seed. Results showed that ash content was 2.05%, moisture content 5.5%, thousand seed mass value 10.20 g; sodium 47.65 ppm, potassium 88.0 ppm, phosphorus 0.43 ppm, magnesium 758.0 ppm, calcium 912.0 ppm, zinc 96.50 ppm, iron 290.25 ppm and silver 3.10 ppm. Seed storage protein electrophoresis reveals the presence of only low molecular weight proteins. SEM analysis shows that seed was 4.3 mm long and 2.4 mm wide with 0.1 - 0.2 nm thicken seed coat. The study provides a good source of information of sea buckthorn seed of Pakistani origin and its potential for cultivation in various parts of the world.

Key words: Hippophae, physiochemical parameters, elements, seed storage proteins, anatomy.
 

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Chemical Classification and Medicinal Potential of Cyperus L. Species

Muhammad Zafar1, Mushtaq Ahmad1*, Mir Ajab Khan1, Shazia Sultana1, Gul Jan1, Farooq Ahmad2, Asma Jabeen3, Ghulam Mujtaba Shah1, Shabnum Shaheen4, Amin Shah5, Abdul Nazir1 and Sarfaraz Khan Marwat1

1Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
2Department of Botany, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
3Environmental Sciences Department, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
4Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University Lahore, Pakistan.

5Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.

Accepted 3 January, 2025

The evaluation of the crude herbal drug which eventually enters the pharmaceutical market is obviously of considerable importance. This operation involves the identification of the material and determination of its quality, purity and of adulterated nature of the adulterants. The present paper is based on the above objectives which confined to chemotaxonomic authentication of Cyprus rotundus L. (Nagar mootha) and its other similar species. Chemotaxonomic techniques including morphology, organoleptography, palynology, anatomy and phyto -chemical analysis were carried out in order to clarify the pharmaceutically important species of Cyperus that is Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus alopecuroides, Cyperus difformis and Cyperus niveus. It is concluded from this study that the genuine source of herbal drug Nagar Mootha is C. rotundus instead of other species. Such type of studies is the need of herbal industry to ensure validation process which applied in the manufacturing of herbal medicines and phyto- pharmaceuticals. This will provide the credibility in the regulation and grown of pharmaceutically important herbal medicines for the foreseeable.

Key words: Cyperus L., chemotaxonomic, pharmaceutical.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-011, April, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Morpho-anatomical and Palynological Analysis of Five Asteraceae Species from Pakistan

Sohail Jamil Qureshi1, Mir Ajab Khan2 and Maqsood Ahmad3

1Pakistan Islamia Institute AlAin, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, P. O. Box # 15778.
2Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
3Physics Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore Islamabad, Pakistan.

Accepted 15 September, 2024

In this study, Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae) collected from Pakistan was investigated by its morphology, leaf epidermal anatomy and pollen grain characteristics. Scorzonera is a perennial herb growing in wet nutrient-poor grasslands and wet heathlands. The stem texture is glabrous in Scorzonera ammophila, Scorzonera picridioides and Scorzonera virgata while tomentose in Scorzonera hondae and terete with fine striate above in Scorzonera laciniata. The bifacial leaves had anomotetracytic, amphianisocytic, brachyparacytic and staurocytic stomata. The pollen morphology results indicate that pollen grains in Scorzonera were lophate. Based on sculpturing, all pollens were echinate in Scorzonera. The pollen class was trizonocolporate in all taxa.

Key words: Morphology, palynology, anatomy, Scorzonera L., scanning electron micrographs, Pakistan.