ISSN 2326-7275
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among Nigeria women in tight fitting underwears: The need for counseling and health education
U. P. Akpan1, C. E. Ekpenyong1*, J. E. Ibu2 and J. O. Ibu3
1Department of Physiology, College of Health Science, University of Uyo, Uyo. Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
2National Youth Service Secretariat Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
3Department of Physiology. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Benue State University, Benue State, Nigeria.
Accepted 12 October, 2019
Abstract
This cross sectional study aimed at investigating the effect of tight fitting underwears on the incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among non-pregnant women between aged 16 to 35 years. The study took place in seven health institutions between January and July 2009 in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria. About 191(76.4%) of the 250 participants who were selected by sequential randomization met the inclusion criteria. Structured questionnaire were used to assess their regular patterns of dressing for the past one year and associated gynaecologic problems. Vaginal smear/swabs were taken from each participant for microscopy and culture. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 13, using chi square (χ2) test to compare the differences between the effects of various parameters about the incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Values of P<0.01 were considered statistically significant. A high incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (76.8%) with its associated symptoms were observed among women who regularly wore nylon tight and other synthetic pants than those who regularly wore cotton tight/cotton underwear/pants(42.9%). It can be concluded that women who predominantly wear nylon tight and other synthetic underwear/pants are at a higher risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Key words: Gynaecologic problems, nylon tight pants, synthetic pants, Nigeria, vulvovaginal candidiasis.
C. E. Ekpenyong*, J. E. Ibu and J. O. Ibu, U. P. Akpan
Research Article
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Acalypha monostachya Cav. (Euphorbiales: Euphorbiaceae)
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Acalypha monostachya Cav. (Euphorbiales: Euphorbiaceae)
M. Canales1*, T. Hernández1, M. A. Rodriguez-Monroy2, C. M. Flores3, M. Jiménez-Estrada4, L. B. Hernández3, A. Durán 1, M. Hernández-Moreno1, N. A. Trejo1, A. B. Hernández1, J. J. Ramírez1, J. Orozco1, M. G. Eleno1 and K. E. Martínez1
1Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, UBIPRO Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo, Méx, México.
2Carrera de Medicina Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo, Méx, México
3Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, UBIPRO Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo, Méx, México.
4Instituto de Química, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán D.F., México.
Accepted 12 May, 2019
Abstract
Acalypha monostachya (Euphorbiaceae) is used by the inhabitants of San Rafael and Zapotitlan Salinas, Puebla, Mexico, to alleviate illnesses of bacterial and fungal origin. We analyzed the antimicrobial activity of A. monostachya and some of its chemical features. The extracts were obtained by percolation. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were examined through the disc-diffusion method. The general toxicity was carried out by using Artemia salina. The quenching of free radicals by extracts was evaluated by the decolouration of a methanol solution of DPPH·. Total phenols were determined by Folin Ciocalteu reagent. Gram-positive and negative bacteria were sensitive to methanol and hexane extracts. The methanol extract had a bactericidal effect on Vibrio cholera Tor (MIC = 1000 µg/mL). The fungi strain most sensitive to this extract was T. mentagrophytes (LC50 = 430 µg/mL). The methanol extract showed inhibition of DPPH· radical (SC50 = 3.45 µg/ml), 43.4% of total phenolics and was toxic against A. salina (LC50 = 4.5 µg/mL). The methanol extract showed a variety of phenolic compounds, while hexane extract showed different fatty acids methyl ester. The bacterial, antifungal, antioxidant activities and a qualitative chemical characterization of A. monostachya’s extracts are reported here for the first time.
Key words: Acalypha monostachya, antimicrobial activity, medicinal plants, chemical characterization, plant extracts analysis.
L. B. Hernández, M. G. Eleno, J. J. RamÃrez, M. Jiménez-Estrada, N. A. Trejo, C. M. Flores, M. A. Rodriguez-Monroy, A. Durán, M. Canales*, A. B. Hernández, J. Orozco, T. Hernández, M. Hernández-Moreno
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (12), pp. 001-005, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Phytochemicals screening and antimicrobial activities of selected medicinal plants of Khyberpakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Iqbal Hussain1*, Moneeb Ur Rehman Khattak1, Riaz ullah1,3, Zia Muhammad1, Naeem Khan1, Farhat Ali Khan2, Zahoor Ullah3 and Sajjad Haider3
1Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat-26000, Pakistan.
2Department of Pharmacy Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar-25000, Pakistan.
3Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P. O. BOX 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Aarbia.
Accepted 24 May, 2019
Abstract
The study was carried out to assess the phytochemical and antimicrobial bioassay of five medicinal plants, Lepidium sativum, Nerium oleander, Ranunculus repens, Tecoma stans and Urtica dioca. These plants are traditionally used as medicine in the Northwest Pakistan, therefore it is necessary to identify and estimate their alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, phenol and tannin contents. Phytochemical inveigation of plant samples determines that alkaloid (63.6%) and flavonoid (0.91%) were highest in N. oleander, saponin (11%) and phenol (0.031) in T. stans, tannin (0.61%) in L. sativum, All five species showed no significant antimicrobial activities.
Key words: Medicinal plants, phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activities
Iqbal Hussain*, Zahoor Ullah and Sajjad Haider, Naeem Khan, Farhat Ali Khan, Riaz ullah, Moneeb Ur Rehman Khattak, Zia Muhammad
Research Article
Immune stimulating activity of water-soluble polysaccharide fractions from Dendrobium nobile Lindl.
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-007, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Immune stimulating activity of water-soluble polysaccharide fractions from Dendrobium nobile Lindl.
Aoxue Luo and Yijun Fan*
Department of Landscape Plants, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Accepted 21 April, 2019
Abstract
Four water-soluble polysaccharides (DNP1-1, DNP2-1, DNP3-1 and DNP4-2) were obtained from the aqueous extracts of the stems of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and fractionated by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. The evaluation of tumor inhibition and immunomodulatory activity suggested that DNP4-2 could significantly increase the immune index, and strongly promote the secretion of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ, and also decrease the concentrations of MDA in blood serum. DNP4-2 should be explored as a potential anti-tumor drug.
Key words: Dendrobium nobile Lindl., immune stimulating, polysaccharide.
Aoxue Luo, Yijun Fan*
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The effects of carotid baroreceptor stimulation on blood pressure variability in young male athletes and non-athletes
Ali Arasteh1*, Maliheh Hamzehzadeh Azar2, Saeed Khamnei3 and Yousef Mehmannavaz4
1Department of Physiology, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran.
2Department of Nursing, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran.
3Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
4Department of Animal Science, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran.
Accepted 15 May, 2019
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of carotid baroreceptor (BR) stimulation on blood pressure changes in young male volleyball players and non-athletes. Twenty five young male volleyball players and twenty-five young male non-athletes were recruited for voluntary participation in the present study. A neck suction device (Ekberg,s model) was used for stimulation of carotid baroreceptor. In this study the duration of stimulation was 70 s, and the negative pressure used was -30 mm Hg. Blood pressures were recorded before, during and after ending of stimulation of carotid baroreceptors in sitting position. Indirect pressure assessment was utilized for data acquisition. According to the results of this study, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse blood pressure (PBP) significantly decreased compared to baseline levels in two groups (P<0.001). This research showed that the maximum reduction in SBP and PBP occurred in the 25th second, while for DBP the maximum reduction time was seen in the 5th second during stimulation in two groups. Also, maximum reduction in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in the group of athlete occurred in the 5th second, while in the group of non-athlete, it occurred in the 25th second .Our data showed a more reduction in SBP as compared with DBP, which was more evident in control group, although was not statistically significant. It is concluded that in athletes carotid baroreflex becomes more efficient due to long term physiological adaptations of exercise.
Key words: Blood pressure, carotid baroreceptor, male athletes.
Saeed Khamnei and Yousef Mehmannavaz, Ali Arasteh*, Maliheh Hamzehzadeh Azar
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Synthesis and antifungal activity of new 1-(2,4-dichloro phenyl)-3-aryl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) prop-2-en-1-one derivatives
Yinwei Ruan, Linhong Jin, Jiang He, Song Yang, Pinaki S. Bhadury, Ming He, Zhenchao Wang and Baoan Song*
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
Accepted 21 March, 2019
Abstract
A series of novel 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-aryl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) prop-2- en-1-one derivatives were synthesized in good yields by an aldol condensation between 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl) ethanone and an aryl aldehyde. The structures were established through 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. All compounds 4a-l at a concentration of 50 mg/L showed inhibition against the growth of Gibberella zeae, Fusarium oxysporium, Cytospora mandshurica. The title compound 4a displayed high antifungal activities against G. zeae, F. oxysporium, C. mandshurica comparable to hymexazol.
Key words: 1H-1,2,4-triazol derivative, prop-2-en-1-one moiety, antifungal activity.
Linhong Jin, Song Yang, Pinaki S. Bhadury, Yinwei Ruan, Ming He, Jiang He, Zhenchao Wang and Baoan Song*