International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-004, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Bacteriology of burns and antibiogram in an Iranian burn care center

Shahnaz Beheshti and Mohammadali Zia*

Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

Accepted 21 April, 2018

Abstract

Burn patients face an obviously high risk for infections due to the immunocompromising effects of their injury. This study aimed to detect and identify bacteria isolated from patients and hospital environment in the burn unit and determine their antibiogram pattern in response to commonly used antimicrobial agents; in order to give recommendations for management of bacterial infections and drug-resistance. Materials of this study were 100 samples of burn wounds and multiple swab samples of different hospital environments. One hundred and twelve isolates were analyzed, from which there was a single agent in the majority of cases (73.3%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate (32.2%), followed by Enterobacter spp. (16.9%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (12.5%), Acinetobacter spp. (11.7%), Klebsiella spp. (8.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.2%), -hemolytic streptococci (4.4%), and others (6.2%). The most commonly detected isolate from hospital environment was P. aeruginosa (35%) followed by Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., coagulase-negative staphylococci. P. aeruginosa was the most resistant to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins (100%), whereas other gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ciprofloxacin and cephalosporin (70 to 100%). Restriction in the abuse of antibiotics and establishment of an infection control unit will help lower the incidence of infection.

Key words: Bacteriology, burn wounds, antibiogram, bacterial infections.

Key words: Cyclovirobuxine D, vasomotor effects, Ca²⁺.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-004, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Clinical and radiological results of posterior instrumentation without fusion for thoracolumbar fractures

Serdar Sargın, Bekir Yavuz Uçar*, Serdar Necmio lu, Mehmet Bulut and Mehmet Gem

Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Dicle, School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.

Accepted 17 May, 2018

Abstract

A retrospective study of clinical and radiological results of nonfusion operative treatment for thoracolumbar fractures. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that fusion was not always required in the surgical treatment with posterior instrumentation for thoracolumbar vertebral fractures and to show the success of surgical treatment without fusion. Fusion was added considering failure of the implant and inability to maintain the corrected kyposis angle after posterior instrumentation for thoracolumbar vertebral fractures. Fusion related problems such as the fusion-induced loss of stability in posterior elements, graft donor site problems, increased blood loss, allograft associated infections, and prolonged operation time, focus attention on surgical treatment without fusion. We intended to demonstrate the alignment and stability of the spine in the coronal and sagittal planes after treatment without fusion. Kyphosis angle and the extent of the collapse were measured in preoperative, postoperative and final examination films of 60 patients with thoracolumbar vertebral fractures. Based on the computerized tomography and magnetic resonance images of the patients, we evaluated intracanal fragments, the presence of pedicle and laminar fractures, posterior ligamentous complex status and the presence of medullary edema. With an aim to evaluate pain and quality of life of the patients, the oswestry disability ındex (ODI) and Roland morris disability questionnairre were tested. The obtained results were evaluated and the final postoperative conditions of the patients were investigated. For the statistical analysis of local kyphosis angle, sagittal index and percentage of anterior collapse that were measured in preoperative, postoperative and final examinations of the patients, descriptive analysis and one way analysis of variance for related samples were conducted. And Pearson’s correlation test was used for the analysis of the relationship between radiological measurements and clinical functions. It can be concluded that the patients derived radiological and statistically significant benefit from the surgery in terms of restoration of anterior column height and that postoperative radiological values were maintained with minimal reduction until the final examination (p>0.05) and that the surgery was effective in remodeling of the vertebral body. When evaluated in terms of the clinical results, a negative relationship (r = 0.300) between Oswestry scores and percentage of anterior collapse was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Our findings that the patients derived statistically significant benefit radiologically, in terms of local kyphosis angle and sagittal index correction from the posterior instrumentation without fusion and that postoperative radiological values were maintained with minimal increase (p>0.05) until the final examination, support our conclusion that fusion is not required. Hence, we can eliminate complications of fusion surgery.

Key words: Thoracolumbar fractures, surgical treatment without fusion, posterior instrumentation, local kyphosis angle, sagittal index.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study on serum leptin, lipoproteins and glucose levels of judoists and cyclists of Turkey

Mehmet Türkmen

Yasar Dogu School of Physical Education and Sports, Ondokuzmayis University, Samsun, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +90 362 3121919/ 2790, +90 5326588027. Fax: +90 3624576000.

Accepted 14 April, 2018

Abstract

Fat metabolism is important for judo in weight loss and recovery and for cycling in the energy production and recovery during workouts and competitions. Leptin controls the size of fat stores by inhibiting appetite. The purpose of this study was to compare serum leptin, lipoproteins and glucose levels between male national judoists and cyclists. The subjects of this study consist of totally 61 athletes, including 24 Turkish National junior judoists and 37 senior national cyclists. The mean age, training age and body mass index (BMI) of two groups are different from each other. Both judoists and cyclists were training before international competitons. Analyses of serum lipoproteins, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, were determined by an automated chemistry analyzer kits. The differences between two groups was tested by Mann-Whitney U test and the correlations among parameters was obtained from Pearson Correlation formula. There were statistically significant differences in the mean age, training experience and BMI between judoists and cyclists statistical analyzes showed no significant difference among the means of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and leptin between two groups. Significant differences were observed in the mean glucose, insulin and HDL values between judoists and cyclists. Significant difference was found only at 0.01 level in the mean of insulin and at 0.05 level in other parameters. Judoists had a higher insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels than the cyclists, whereas cyclists had higher values than judoists In the mean of insulin, HDL and leptin. Cyclists also had lower insulin sensitivity than judoists. In conclusion, neither judo nor cycling had an effect on leptin, LDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol level. But glucose, insulin and HDL levels were changed depending on type of sports.

Key words: Judo, cycling, leptin, homeostasis model assessment, lipoproteins, insulin resistance, serum leptin, glucose levels judoists, cyclist.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-007, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessment of drug interactions in elderly patients of a family health care unit in Aracaju (Brazil): A pilot study

Raquel S. Mendes-Netto¹, Claudia Q. V. Silva¹, Alfredo D. Oliveira Filho^1,2, Chiara E. Rocha³ and Divaldo P. Lyra-Junior¹*

¹Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.

²Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil.

Accepted 15 May, 2018

Abstract

This pilot study aimed to assess drug-drug and drug-food interactions in elderly patients of a Family Health Care Unit in Aracaju, Brazil. A descriptive pilot study was performed through an interview questionnaire with 35 elderly patients (28 women) of the Family Health Care Unit. The range of consumed medications was 1 to 7, and the rate was 3.1 medications/person. This pilot study identified that 34 elderly used multiple medication and its related problems such as risk of polypharmacy (5) and drug interaction (34) . The class of drugs most commonly used was related to cardiovascular system, and alimentary tract and metabolism. Prescriptions with 2 to 3, 4 to 5 and 6 to 7 medications showed potential drug-drug interaction (39, 88.8 and 100%, respectively). Some drugs could not be administrated at meal time. These findings highlight the need for additional studies to further evaluate clinical outcomes associated with polypharmacy and potential drug-drug and drug-food interactions.

Key words: Drug-drug interactions, drug-food interactions, elderly patients.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-010, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anticarcinogenic activity of Labisia pumila against 7, 12- dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA)/croton oil-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis

Azimahtol Hawariah Lope Pihie¹, Fezah Othman^1,2* and Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria²

¹School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

²Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Accepted 19 April, 2018

Abstract

Labisia pumila or locally known as Kacip Fatimah, is one of the most popular medicinal herb in Malaysia. Anticarcinogenic activity of this medicinal herb however, has not been reported until today. In this paper, the in vivo anticarcinogenic activity of L. pumila ethanol extract on two -stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model is reported. In the present study, we investigated whether L. pumila ethanol extract have an effect on tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, varying doses (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg bwt) of L. pumila ethanol extract were tested on 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/croton oil-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis. At the end of the experiment of 20 weeks, animals in carcinogen control group developed a mean number of 5.70 ± 1.3 skin tumors per tumor-bearing mouse and on the 16th week prompted a tumor incidence of 100%. Animals that have been treated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg bwt of L. pumila extract topically for 30 min developed a mean number of 3.60 ± 1.1, 3.20 ± 0.8 and 2.40 ± 0.7 skin tumors per tumor-bearing mouse with tumor incidence of 90, 60 and 50%, respectively. The tumor volume per tumor-bearing mice of carcinogen control animals was 121.03 ± 3.46 mm³, which was significantly (p<0.05) reduced to 92.27 ± 2.68, 69.24 ± 3.93 and 54.24 ± 4.38 mm³ for the animals treated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg bwt of L. pumila extract, respectively. In terms of tumor incidence and tumor burden, the highest dose (100 mg/kg bwt) of L. pumila ethanol extract was almost equipotent with curcumin (10 mg/kg bwt). The extract of L. pumila not only decreased the tumor incidence, tumor burden and tumor volume in DMBA/croton oil-induced mice but also delayed the skin tumor growth as compared to carcinogen control group. Further histopathological examination revealed that tumors from animals that have been treated with L. pumila showed intact basement membrane as compared to the tumors from the untreated animals. This finding suggested that L. pumila extract was able to suppress the progression of benign tumors to malignant stage in DMBA/croton oil-induced mice. Further studies should be carried out in order to identify the active compound responsible for the anticarcinogenic activities and the mechanism of action of L. pumila at the molecular level.

Key words: Chemoprevention, chemical carcinogenesis, Labisia pumila.