ISSN 2326-7275
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort) extract on renal function after unilateral ureteral obstruction in rat
Mehrdad Neshat1*, Yadollah Azarmi2, Ziaii Seyed Mehdi1, Yousef Doustar3 and Ghafour Mousavi4
1Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz - Iran.
2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
3Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz - Iran.
4Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz - Iran.
Accepted 18 April, 2016
Abstract
Obstructive nephropathy induced by urine reflux due to uroliths, prostatic hypertrophy and other disorders will result in renal interstitial fibrosis and inflammation. Because of Hypericum perforatums (HP) anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, the clinical usage of this drug in renal function has been studied. We divided 30 Sprague- Dawley rats randomly into 5 groups: sham group (Sham), untreated unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) group, vitamin E treated (50 IU/kg) UUO group, HP 30 and 60 treated (30 and 60 mg/kg) UUO groups. All of the chemicals were administrated 7 days before and after operation. At 7 days after UUO, blood samples were collected and left kidney were dissected and Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and Masson staining were used to study the dynamic histological changes. Low dose of HP similar to vitamin E alleviated the renal interstitial fibrosis, tubular cell degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration and glomerular damage (p<0.01) but high dose of HP increased injuries (p<0.05). We provide for the first time evidence that HP extract in obstructed kidney has different effects, such that in low dose it can be affected as a renoprotective agent, but in high dose, it can be affected as an inflammation triggering substance. The demonstration of exact mechanism (s) of opposite effect of HP extracts needs more cellular and molecular investigations.
Key words: Hypericum perforatum, renal glomerular damage, renal tubulointerstitial damage, unilateral ureteral obstruction.
Ziaii Seyed Mehdi, Mehrdad Neshat*, Yousef Doustar and Ghafour Mousavi, Yadollah Azarmi
Short Communication
Effects of vitamin B6 on age associated changes of rat brain glutamate decarboxylase activity
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (12), pp. 001-003, December, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Effects of vitamin B6 on age associated changes of rat brain glutamate decarboxylase activity
Manoochehr Messripour1* and Azadeh Mesripour2
1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Esfahan, Iran
2Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Accepted 15 April, 2017
Abstract
Glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), act as excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in CNS respectively. An increase in glutamate and a decrease in GABA concentration were observed in aged brain. However, the mechanism of these changes has not been very well elucidated. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) catalyzes the conversion of glutamate to GABA. Since the vitamin B6 is essential for the activities of GAD, this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of vitamin B6 administration on age related changes in rat brain. The animals were injected intraperitoneally with 1, 10 and 100 mg vitamin B6 /kg body weight /day for 30 days, and specific activity of GAD was assayed in the brain supernatant. The activity of the enzyme in aged rats was significantly lower as compared to that of young animals. Vitamin B6 induced activation of the brain enzyme in both ages, but the rate of the activation was markedly pronounced in aged animals. Significant activation rate of GAD by vitamin B6 in aged rat brain may be resulted from either lower availability of vitamin B6 in aged animals, or lower affinity of the enzyme for pyridoxal -5-phosphate, which is likely to be related to conformational changes of the enzyme during aging. It is suggested that vitamin B6 may restore the activity of the brain glutamate decarboxylase in aged rat.
Key words: Glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, vitamin B6, aging, glutamate decarboxylase.
Azadeh Mesripour, Manoochehr Messripour*
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (12), pp. 001-012, December, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Modeling of nevirapine-based antiretroviral regimen response by taxonomy from different CD4 cell counts strata
Danho Pascal Abrogoua1*, Brou Jérôme Kablan1, Gilles Aulagner2 and Claude Petit3
1Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Pharmacologie et Thérapeutique - UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Cocody, BP V 34 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
2Service Pharmaceutique Hôpital, Louis Pradel, Lyon-France.
3Université Claude Bernard, Lyon1-France (MA2D).
Accepted 25 May, 2017
Abstract
The search for determinants responsible for changes in CD4 cells count can help to optimize the efficiency of the nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy in Côte d'Ivoire. Our study on the response to this treatment was carried out through taxonomy of CD4 cells count trajectories using non-hierarchical-descendant model. One hundred and sixty four patients were grouped according to their baseline CD4 count in three strata (<100/mm3, 100-200/mm3 and >200/mm3). In each category, classes of similar CD4 count trajectories represented by standard paths called meta-trajectories have been formed by the model and we have searched for the determining factors. On the overall, there was a significant variation between classes (p<0.001) of the following variables: average CD4 count, nadir CD4, peak CD4, average CD4 gain. According to the profile of meta-trajectories, CD4 cells gains are obvious during the first six months of treatment, and then changes are variable according to classes regardless of the baseline CD4 count. The other medical follow -up variables showed no significant variation between classes in the categories of initial CD4 count 100/mm3. However in patients with baseline CD4<100/mm3, variables like mean weight (p=0.04), mean hemoglobin count (p=0.01) and average gain of hemoglobin (p=0.03) are also explanatory of partition into different classes. Baseline characteristics showed no significant variation between the different classes in the categories of initial CD4 count 100/mm3. However for patients with baseline CD4 count<100/mm3, sex is explanatory of classes partition (p<0.05) . Correspondence analysis revealed other determining factors related to the different meta-trajectories (initial CD4 count, initial CD4 cells percentage, adherence, presence, or absence of opportunistic infections prior to the treatment). These factors influencing the CD4 cells response of nevirapine-based regimen in Côte d'Ivoire must be considered to maximize efficiency of the treatment.
Key words: Nevirapine, CD4 cells count response, meta-trajectories, Non-Hierarchical-Descendant Model, antiretroviral regimen.
Danho Pascal Abrogoua*, Gilles Aulagner and Claude Petit, Brou Jérôme Kablan
Research Article
Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of cyclomontanin D
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (11), pp. 001-007, November, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of cyclomontanin D
Rajiv Dahiya1* and Hemendra Gautam2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Globus College of Pharmacy, Bhojpur Road, Bhopal 462 045, Madhya Pradesh, India.
2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NRI Institute of Pharmacy, Raisen Road, Bhopal 462 021, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Accepted 25 March, 2017
Abstract
In present study, it was of interest to synthesize a natural proline-rich cyclooligopeptide - cyclomontanin D 8 by coupling of tripeptide Boc-L-Asn(bzh)-L-Pro-Gly-OH and tetrapeptide L-Leu-L-Pro-L-Tyr-L-Ala-OMe followed by cyclization of linear polypeptide fragment. Structure of synthesized cyclopeptide was confirmed by detailed spectral analysis including FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESIMS/MS and elemental analysis. From the results of biological evaluation, it was concluded that newly synthesized cyclooligopeptide possessed good bioactivity against Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as potent antidermatophyte activity against Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, in comparison to reference drugs - ciprofloxacin and griseofulvin. Moreover, 8 exhibited moderate antifungal activity against pathogenic Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 6 mg/ml.
Key words: Annona montana, cyclomontanin D, cyclic heptapeptide, peptide synthesis, antibacterial activity, antidermatophyte activity.
Hemendra Gautam, Rajiv Dahiya*
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (10), pp. 001-005, October, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Efficacy of the combination of herbal extracts and a silicone derivative in the treatment of hypertrophic scar formation after burn injury
P. Muangman1*, P. Aramwit2, S. Palapinyo2, S. Opasanon3 and A. Chuangsuwanich3
1Trauma Division, Department of Surgery, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
2Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
3Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Accepted 17 April, 2017
Abstract
The development of hypertrophic scars is an unsolved problem in the process of wound healing. The objective of this research was to study the efficacy of the combination of herbal extracts and a silicone derivative in a gel preparation (Cybele® Scagel) on the treatment of deep second degree burns after complete epithelialization. Sixty-three patients were enrolled in this study. One wound area larger than 10 × 10 cm was selected from each patient to receive treatment with Cybele® Scagel. Patients were observed for pigmentation, pliability, pain and itching for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks after treatment. Their data and wound characteristics were collected during each visit using the Vancouver scar scale. After 24 weeks, all scales (pigmentation, pliability, pain and itching) were significantly lower in the sites treated with Cybele® Scagel compared with the previous time points (p < 0.05). However, vascularity and height scale were not significantly different (p> 0.05) . One patient was excluded at week 2 because of moderate itching at the wound site, which could have interfered with the evaluation. The application of Cybele® Scagel might have some beneficial effects for prevention of hypertrophic scar formation after partial thickness burn injuries.
Key words: Herbal extracts, burn, hypertrophic scar.
S. Opasanon and A. Chuangsuwanich, S. Palapinyo, P. Aramwit, P. Muangman*
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (11), pp. 001-007, November, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of chronic lead acetate exposure on bone marrow lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in rats
Nagaraja Haleagrahara1*, Srikumar Chakravarthi2, Anupama Bangra Kulur3 and Ammu Radhakrishnan2
1Human Biology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.
2Pathology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.
3Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University College, Petaling Jaya, Kuala Lumpur, 46200, Malaysia.
Accepted 21 June, 2017
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposure of lead (Pb) is a serious health problem in developing and industrialized countries around the world. Toxic effect of lead is closely related to its accumulation in important tissues after its absorption into the blood. Present study looked into the effect of lead toxicity on bone marrow oxidative biomarkers in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were divided into four groups and in three experimental groups, they were given lead acetate in drinking water for 21 days in three different doses (200, 400 and 600 ppm). Effect of lead acetate on bone marrow lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes were examined. Lead exposure for 21 days resulted in a significant increase (P<0.05) in lipid hydroperoxides and protein carbonyl contents of bone marrow and there was significant decrease (P<0.05) in bone marrow total antioxidants and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzyme levels. More significant increase (P<0.05) in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in antioxidant enzymes level were recorded with 600 ppm dose of lead. There was also a significant level of perturbations (P<0.05) in bone marrow antioxidant enzyme levels with low level of lead exposure for 21 days. Thus, the study confirms that exposure to lead will result in significant amount of toxic effect in the bone marrow, resulting in increased lipid peroxidation and depletion of antioxidant enzymes.
Key words: Lead acetate, Lead toxicity, oxidative stress, bone marrow, lipid peroxidation.
Srikumar Chakravarthi, Anupama Bangra Kulur and Ammu Radhakrishnan, Nagaraja Haleagrahara*