International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (3), pp. 001-011, March, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Extract of Coelatura aegyptiaca, a freshwater clam, ameliorates hepatic oxidative stress induced by monosodium glutamate in rats

Amel M. Soliman

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 21 March, 2016

Abstract

The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the possible ameliorative effect of Coelatura aegyptiaca extract (CE) and vitamin C on oxidative stress induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) in rat liver. Male rats were randomly divided into four main groups: control group, received distilled water, group 2 (100 mg/kg) and 3 (250 mg/kg) received CE for seven consecutive days. Group animals (24 rats) were administered MSG (4 mg/g body weight) daily for 10 days. This group was then subdivided into 4 subgroups. All subgroups treated orally for 7 days with, distilled water (subgroup I), CE at a dose of 100 and 250 mg/kg body weight (subgroups II and III), and 250 mg vitamin C/kg body weight (subgroup IV). Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the CE was determined using a DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test system. The CE and vitamin C caused significant ameliorative effects by decreasing the activities of serum aminotransaminases (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), levels of serum glucose, lipid profile parameters, liver malondialdeyde level (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), as well as the activity of liver catalase (CAT), and increasing the level of liver glutathione reduced (GSH). The results of the present study elucidate that CE could ameliorate the liver oxidative stress induced by MSG administration, since CE was strongly scavenged DPPH radicals and showed antioxidant activity.

Key words: Monosodium glutamate, freshwater extracts, liver oxidative stress, lipid profile parameters, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Comparing the effect of vitamin B1 (vit. B1) and ibuberofen on the treatment of primary dysmenorhea

Mandana Zafari*, Aghamohammady A. and Tofighi M.

Department of Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran.

Accepted 13 June, 2016

Abstract

Primary dysmenorhea refers to painful contractions of menses which are without organic complications and its incidence is about 80%. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of vitamin B1 (vit. B1) and ibuberofen on the treatment of primary dysmenorhea. This clinical trial study was done on medicine students of Islamic Azad University, Sari branch, in 2010. One hundred and fifty-two students that had moderate and severe dysmenorhea were sited in two groups randomly. The first group (76 girls) received 100 mg/day vit. B1 in the luteal phase and the second group received 400 mg ibuberofen when their pain started (duration of this study was 2 months) . After data collection, data analysis was done by SPSS version software and we used chi-square tests, t -test, Mann-Whitney and Freidman tests ( = 0.05) . There was significant difference between intensity and duration of pain before and after treatment by ibuberofen (p = 0.000) and vit. B1 (p = 0.000). Furthermore, there was no difference between the intensity of pain after intervention in the two groups in the first month (p = 0.414), but there was difference in the second (p = 0.000) and third (p = 0.000) months. Also, there was no difference between the two groups about needing more drugs to reduce the pain (p = 0.401). The effect of vit. B1 and ibuberofen are similar, but vit. B1 has less complications and it is more accepted and used in treatment of primary dysmenorhea.

Key words: Primary dysmenorhea, Ibuberofen, vitamin B1 (vit. B1).

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (2), pp. 001-012, February, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Physicochemical characterization and in-vitro evaluation of flubiprofen oral controlled release matrix tablets: Role of ether derivative polymer ethocel

Muhammad Akhlaq^1,2*, Gul Majid Khan¹, Abdul Wahab¹, Hamdy Abdelkader³, Raid Alany² Abid Hussain¹ and Nauman Rahim Khan¹

¹Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, KPK, Pakistan.

²School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

³Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.

Accepted 17 June, 2016

Abstract

The main aim of the study was to develop once-daily controlled release matrix tablet of the selected propionic acid derivative flubiprofen (100 mg) using ethyl cellulose ether derivative release controlling polymer. Preformulation factors, including solubility, powder flowability and compressibility, and loss on drying were studied. Hausner’s factor and angle of repose ranged from 1.10 to 1.25 and 25 to 29° respectively, indicating the best flowability and compressibility of the powder. Drug-polymer interaction was analyzed by particle size analysis, SEM and FTIR spectroscopy. Matrices were prepared by direct compression, with and without polymer. Effect of co-excipients like HPMC, starch and CMC, was studied on release behavior of the drug. The tablets were subjected to different physicochemical tests including hardness, friability, weight variation, % drug content, thickness and diameter with limits ranging from 6.4 ± 0.24 to 6.9 ± 0.44 kg/cm², 0.22 ± 0.06 to 0.77 ± 0.03 w/w, 200 ± 1.3 to 203 ± 1.0 g, 98.30 0.16 to 99.70 ± 0.64%, 2.1 ± 0.032 to 2.3 ± 0.020 mm and 4.2 ± 0.001 to 4.4 ± 0.001 mm respectively. In-vitro drug release study was conducted in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and different kinetic parameters were applied. Ethocel FP polymer alone showed the best anomalous release with exponent n = 0.793 with the linearity r ² = 0.992, whereas the market brand released 90% of the drug after four hours with release exponent n = 0.210.

Key words: Drug delivery, flurbiprofen, ethyl cellulose ether derivative polymers, physicochemical, release kinetics.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Modification of oxidative stress in acute exhaustive exercise mice with n-butanol and water fractions from Pedicularis decora Franch root treatment

Meili Gao¹*, Yili Wang¹, Lijuan Wang², Yongfei Li³ and Jianxiong Yang⁴

¹The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China.

²School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China.

³School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China.

⁴College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China.

Accepted 26 June, 2016

Abstract

The current study investigated the effect of n-butanol and water fractions of Pedicularis decora Franch on oxidative stress induced by an acute exhaustive exercise. Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into sedentary, exercise and recovery groups. Each group includes control and water fraction as well as n-butanol fraction subgroup. Mice were treated with the two fractions of P. decora Franch root and saline for a period of 21 days. After the treatment period, the exercise and recovery groups swam to exhaust. Sedentary and exercise groups animals were sacrificed immediately after swimming exercise and recovery mice were sacrificed after 24 h. In sedentary group, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were higher and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were lower with the two fractions treatment. SOD, GPx, lactate dehydrogease (LDH) activities and LPO levels significantly decreased in exercise and recovery groups with the two fractions treatment. Also, the two fraction could promote energy deposits through an increase in glycogen contents. In addition, n-butanol fraction significantly prolonged swimming time to exhaustion. In short, n-butanol and water fractions of P. decora Franch may both protect mice against oxidative stress induced by an acute exhaustive exercise and n-butanol fraction could significantly improve the swimming capacity. Further, n-butanol fraction is more pronounced in ameliorating the oxidative stress induced by an acute exhaustive swimming exercise.

Key words: Pedicularis decora Franch, n-butanol fraction, water fraction, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, an acute exhaustive exercise.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Survey of career identity and job satisfaction among young hospital pharmacists in Guangdong province, China

Duan J. J.¹, Li G. C.², Situ B.³, Tao J. H.⁴, Deng X.¹, Wu J. Y.², Zhou T.¹, Zheng Z. H.⁴ and Xu F.¹*

¹Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.

²Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.

³Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.

⁴Guangdong Province Pharmaceutical Association, Guangzhou 510080, China.

Accepted 21 February, 2016

Abstract

The situation of career identity and job satisfaction among young hospital pharmacists in Guangdong, China was investigated. A mail-based questionnaire was sent to young hospital pharmacists in Guangdong, China. The questionnaire was designed to obtain information regarding demographic characteristics, career identity and job satisfaction. Pharmacists who were under 35 years old were defined as young pharmacists. Data were analyzed using SAS software. Of the 625 questionnaires mailed, 619 questionnaires, returned from 14 hospitals in Guangdong, were completed and suitable for analysis. Regarding career identity, only about 22% of young pharmacists thought pharmacists have high social status. Less than half of respondents felt pride when they were introduced as pharmacist in social activity. Only about 28% of respondents expected to obtain professional achievement. Only about 11% of respondents would not change profession had they got more work pay from other jobs. Regarding job satisfaction, about 90% of respondents were satisfied with their working environment, utilization of skills and promotion. About 76% of young hospital pharmacists were satisfied with their work pay. The authors concluded that, although the young hospital pharmacists in Guangdong province, China were satisfied with their current job on the whole, they showed low career identity.

Key words: Career, hospital pharmacists, job satisfaction, China.