International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of ulinastatin preconditioning on the expression of hemeoxygenase-1 in limb ischemia reperfusion lung injury in rats

Fan Li-hua¹, Lu Xiang-hong¹, Li Jun²*, Zhou wei² and Lian qing-quan²

¹Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Medical College, the sixth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Lishui 323000, China.

²Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Medical College, the second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Wenzhou 325027, China.

Accepted 12 May, 2019

Abstract

To investigate the role of HO-1 in ischemic preconditioning and pharmacological preconditioning by ulinastatin in attenuating remote lung injury in rat model of lower limb ischemia reperfusion. Sixty four male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham operation group, ischemia and reperfusion group, ischemia preconditioning group (IPR), ulinastatin preconditioning group (UTI). The animals were deeply anesthetized and the lung tissue was removed at the end of the experiment. Lung W/D ratio were measured and the expression of HO-1 was determined by Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. HO-1 was induced and expressed persistently in 2 and 4 h after ischemic preconditioning and ulinastatin preconditioning (P<0.01), and the expression in 4 h was higher than 2 h in preconditioning groups (P<0.05). The preconditioning also led to diminished lung edema (W/D ratio) (P<0.05 vs I/R), with no differences when compared to the sham group. The induction of HO-1 by ischemic preconditioning and ulinastatin preconditioning played a protective role against remote lung injury in the model of limb injury/reperfusion.

Key words: Heme oxygenase-1, preconditioning, ulinastatin, ischemia/reperfusion.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Association of E23K polymorphism of Kir6.2 gene with coronary artery disease

Necla Benlier¹*, Mustafa Erdogan^1,4, Mehtap Özkur ¹, Oguzhan Yildiz³, Muradiye Nacak¹, Birol Yamak² and A. Sükrü Aynacioglu¹

¹Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey.

²Sani Konukoglu Medical Center, Gaziantep, Turkey.

³Department of Pharmacology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

⁴Park Medical Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey.

Accepted 21 November, 2018

Abstract

The ATP- sensitive potassium (K_ATP) channels are generally cardioprotective under conditions of metabolic impairment, consisting of pore-forming Kir 6.X (Kir 6.1 and Kir 6.2) subunits in combination with regulatory sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1, SUR2A and SUR2B) subunits. E23K is a missense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the cytosolic proximal N-terminal tail of the Kir6.2 subunit. We investigated the E23K polymorphism of Kir6.2 gene in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients to assess its role in susceptibility to CAD. The CAD group included 340 patients (257 male and 83 female; mean age, 60.5±9.1 years) who underwent coronary angiography after recent myocardial infarction or angina. The control group consisted of 91 non cardiac individuals (45 male and 46 female; mean age, 55.6±9.4 years) with normal coronary vessels. The E23K polymorphism of Kir6.2 gene was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in CAD and control groups. The frequency of the G allele was found to be significantly higher in patients than in control group (58.2% vs. 47.8, p = 0.01). There were also significant differences in GG and combined (GA+AA) genotypes frequencies (35.9 vs. 23.1% and 64.1 vs. 76.9%, p = 0.02). The E23K polymorphism of Kir6.2 gene may be associated with the development of CAD.

Key words: E23K polymorphism, Kir6.2 gene, coronary artery disease.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Ghrelin promote partial the early recovery of rats after subtotal gastrectomy

Song Yu, Zhi-Gang Wang, Cheng-Guang Yang, Jun Yan, Wen-Cai Qiu and Qi Zheng*

Department of General Surgery, Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China.

Accepted 12 May, 2019

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of exogenous ghrelin for early recovery in partial gastrectomied rats and its long-term significance. The subtotal gastrectomy (B_-ltype) rats were randomly divided into two groups, and then they were treated with intraperitoneal injection of saline or ghrelin intervention respectively. Body weight and daily food intake were measured before and after the operation. After the seventh post-operation, rats were sacrificed, the fundus of stomach and anastomosis were taken to determine ghrelin mRNA expression by real-time fluorescent quantitive PCR and to evaluate the bursting pressure and hydroxyproline content. There was no difference in body weight between the two groups (P>0.05); Cumulative food intake (P<0.05) was 52.50±6.77 g in ghrelin group, which was higher than that in the saline group (45.67±7.47 g) (P<0.05). However, the ghrelin mRNA expression in ghrelin treatment group was lower than the control group (P<0.01). Compared to the saline group, ghrelin-treated rats displayed a higher bursting pressure (P<0.05) and anastomotic hydroxyproline content (P<0.01). Ghrelin treatment in the postoperative rats can promote energy metabolism and body weight gain. Ghrelin could effectively promote the healing of anastomosis. However, exogenous ghrelin intervention may inhibit the early compensatory mechanisms of residual stomach.

Key words: Ghrelin, subtotal gastrectomy, rats, anastomosis, early recovery.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Health related quality of life of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in Yemen

G. Q. Othman¹*, M. I. M. Ibrahim² and Y. A. Raja’a³

¹Social and Administrative Pharmacy Discipline, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

²Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

³Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen.

Accepted 18 April, 2018

Abstract

To compare the health related quality of life (HRQoL) between pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (PTB and EPTB) patients at pre- and post-intensive phases of treatment. A total of 173 PTB and 160 EPTB patients were selected from the TB centers in Sana’a, Yemen. The patients were given DR-12 questionnaire, measuring three domains: symptoms, life activities and social activities. DR-12 was subjected for internal consistency, reliability and linguistic validation. Quality of life was measured at onset, after one month, and at the end of intensive phase of treatment. Patients with PTB had significantly worse HRQoL score compared to EPTB (P < 0.05). The greatest difference was observed in the dimension reflecting symptoms, during the intensive phase. The improvement in HRQoL for both PTB and EPTB patients for the three domains, after one month and at the end of intensive phase compared to the baseline were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The HRQoL did not improve in PTB patients who failed to convert at the end of the intensive phase compared to the first month. At baseline, PTB patients have significantly lower HRQoL than EPTB. Both PTB and EPTB patients significantly improved after onset of treatment. The converted PTB patients improved in symptoms as compared to the non converted PTB patients.

Key words: Yemen, DR-12 questionnaire, health-related quality of life, tuberculosis.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-005, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

An unusual way to synthesize 1-nitronaphthalene from 1-amino-5-nitronaphthalene

Nitin Srivastava, Madhulata Shukla and Satyen Saha*

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi 221 005, India.

Accepted 17 April, 2018

Abstract

1-nitronaphthalene has unexpectedly been synthesized from 5-nitronaphthylamine using diazotization method and treatment with aqueous copper sulphate solution. Detailed UV-visible, FT-IR spectral analysis in addition to ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR studies have confirmed the product.

Key words: Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 1-nitronaphthalene, 1-amino-5-nitronaphthalene, diazotization, copper sulphate for reduction, UV-visible spectrum.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-011, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antioxidant properties of crude and fractionated extracts of Alpinia mutica rhizomes and their total phenolic content

Chung-Weng Phang¹, Sri Nurestri Abd Malek¹*, Halijah Ibrahim¹ and Norhanom Abdul Wahab²

¹Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

²Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Accepted 21 June, 2018

Abstract

In the present study, the antioxidant potential of the crude methanol and its fractionated extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and water) of the rhizomes of Alpinia mutica was investigated, employing four different assays. The antioxidant assays used were 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, b-carotene bleaching, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the reducing power assays while the total phenolic content was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant property in comparison to the other extracts against all assays conducted. The ethyl acetate fraction displayed better antioxidant activity in comparison to the standard compound, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and ascorbic acid in the b- carotene linoleate model system and the SOD assay. The ethyl acetate fraction was also found to have the highest phenolic content among the extract and fractions. The phenolic compounds present in the ethyl acetate fraction may have contributed to the good antioxidant properties of the ethyl acetate fraction. In conclusion, the rhizome extract of A. mutica especially the ethyl acetate fraction possesses good antioxidant activity and can be potentially used as natural antioxidants.

Key words: Alpinia mutica, antioxidant, radical scavenger, flavonoid, total phenolic content.