International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring the effects of stress on white blood cell function in female wistar rats

A.I. Shugaba¹*, S. A. Ojo², A.S. Asala³, A.M. Rabiu⁴, C.B. Uzokwe¹ and J.O. Hambolu²

¹Department of anatomy, faculty of medical sciences, university of Jos, Nigeria.

²Department of vetinary anatomy, faculty of vetinary medicine, A.B.U. Zaria, Nigeria.

³Department of anatomy, college of health sciences, university of Abuja, Nigeria.

⁴Department of physiology, faculty of medical sciences, university of Jos, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 November, 2022

Abstract

The effect of induced physical and oxidative stress on the white blood cells (WBC) of female Wistar rats was investigated. 40 matured female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (A.B.C.D) ten per group. Group A, control, Group B, mono enucleation, Group C, bilateral enucleation and Group D, alcohol treated. The total and differential white cell counts were evaluated over the six weeks period of the induced stress. The results revealed no difference in the average total and differential white cell counts of the mono and bilaterally enucleated groups. While the alcohol treated group showed increase especially in the total WBC, neutrophils and eosinophils compared to the control group (P-value <0.05).

Keywords: Induced stress, Female Wistar rats, White blood cells (WBC)

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-011, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Contraceptive effect of Lawsonia innermis (henna) in the Amo women of Jengre, Bassa local government area, Plateau state using the albino rats as experimental animals 

Shugaba AI¹, Mohammed SO², Shinku F¹, Gambo IM³, Uzokwe CB¹, Mohammed MB¹, Rabiu AM³, Umar MBT¹

¹Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos Nigeria.

²Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aminu Kano University Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.

³Department of Human Physiology,Faculty of Medical Sciences,University of Jos, Jos Nigeria.

Accepted 03 September, 2022

Abstract

To test if Lawsonia innermis have any anti-fertility effects. To test the mechanisms of action of the plant using albino rats as experimental animals and to determine if conception is present after administration of plant extract. Experimental rats were used in accordance to the WHO regulatory procedures. Wister rats weighing 35g - 45g, three males and seven females at 3 weeks of age were used. Period covered by the experiment was two months. The selection of animals for use in the study was determined by the presence of at least two consecutive 4 - day estrous cycle. The animals which were divided into three groups were administered 5mls and 10mls of extract (Lawsonia Innermis) for four days. On the fifth day, fertile males were introduced using the 2:1 ratio (female to male) and were allowed to return with the females until the experiment was terminated. The control (third) group was given normal saline orally. The extract of the plant`s root was used. Its phytochemical analysis revealed that it contained saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids and flavonoids balsam. The median lethal dose 3200C 170mg/Kg body weight. Mating was confirmed with the presence a of dead sperm cells in the vagina smear. Following the administration of the extract, the rats were sacrificed humanely the uterus removed and sections were made, stained and viewed microscopically. The effect of this plant was found to be dose dependent causing distortion in the normal histology of the ovary, preventing the formation of follicular cavity and arresting oocytes development and maturation. It also reduced the luminal diameter of the uterus and changed its normal star shaped appearance to oval shape. The results obtained from this research indicate that Lawsonia innermis has anti-contraceptive properties that are dose-dependent.

Keywords: Lawsonia innermis, contraception, albino rats, Amo women.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Short  Communication

Cardiothoracic ratio of non - hypertensive patients at Jos University teaching hospital (JUTH)

A Shugaba¹*, M Umar¹, A Asunugwo¹, C. Uzokwe¹, A Rabiu², R Matthew³ and S Mohammed⁴

¹Department of Human Anatomy, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

²Department of Human Physiology, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

³Pathfinder International, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Radiology, Maitama General Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.

Accepted 17 October, 2022

Abstract

Radiography of the heart and great vessels is the commonest examination performed as routine investigation of cardiovascular system; it identifies abnormalities associated with the size, shape and contours of the heart. The aim of the study is to determine the mean cardiothoracic ratio among non-hypertensive patients at Jos university teaching hospital (JUTH).A retrospective assessment of 126 chest radiographs of non- hypertensive patients performed at radiology unit of university of Jos teaching hospital from June 2009 to July 2010 using the simple random sampling method.Of the 126 subjects 73 were males and 53 were females within an age range of 18- 86years. The mean cardiothoracic ratio (C.T.R) was 0.462. From the study 126 patients (73 males and 53 females) had their CTR measured and there was no significant difference between the CTR of males and females p 0.115 >0.05 The mean heart diameter is 13.3849, mean thoracic diameter 28.9357 and mean CTR 0.4622

Keywords: Cardiothoracic ratio, non - hypertensive patients and Jos University teaching hospital (JUTH)

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of honey on sialidase activities in blood and liver of adult wistar rats

Wilson J. I.

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Delta State University, Abraka. Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 19 November, 2022

Abstract

Honey is a sweet viscous fluid produced by bees. Honey which contains mainly fructose and glucose is either taken as curative agent or substitute for refined sugar, yet its chronic effect on blood and liver sialic acid levels have not been reported. This study reports an investigation into the sialic acid levels in liver, hemoglobin-free erythrocytes and plasma in adult Wistar rats exposed to chronic consumption of honey. Twenty adult Wistar rats, between 170 and 200 grams in weight were divided into four groups of five rats each. The rats were fed daily with 0%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of honey mixed with 100, 80, 70 and 60 grams of animal chow in groups I, II, III and IV, respectively for eight weeks. The Wistar rats were then sacrificed and blood and liver tissue samples were collected for sialic acid analyses. The sialic acid levels in the plasma free, haemoglobin-free erythrocytes and liver free sialic acid levels in groups II, III and IV induced by honey consumption showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) when compared with the control group I. Chronic consumption of honey may increase the risk of hepatic damage.

Keywords: Erythrocytes, Honey, Liver, Sialic acid, Sialidase.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 11 (9), pp. 001-008, September, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Mesterolone (Proviron) induces low sperm quality with reduction in sex hormone profile in adult male Sprague Dawley rats testis

Shittu Lukeman A. J.¹*, Shittu Remilekun K.², Osinubi Abraham A. A.³ and Tayo Adetokunbo A.⁴

¹Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Abuja, College of Health Sciences, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria.

²Medical Microbiology Unit, Bolomedics Laboratories, Egbeda, Lagos, Nigeria.

³Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 August, 2022

Abstract

Anabolic-androgenic steroid compounds are one of the most widely abused drugs by athletes and muscle builders with the goal of improving performance/muscle mass. However, increasing concern has been expressed because these compounds not only offer unappreciable benefits to infertile and subfertile males, but also might have deleterious effects on both human and animal physiology including sperm quality. In addition, there is the conflicting outcome of AAS usage in the clinical settings with its attendant reduced spermatogenesis and hypopituitarism in patient management. Hence, we aim to evaluate the effects of mestorolone, an anabolic-androgenic steroid, on the histomorphometry of seminiferous tubules with serum hormonal and seminal analyses in adult male Sprague-Dawley rat. Twenty adult male Sprague dawley rats divided into two groups of 10 each. The treated group received 0.06 mg/g body weight/ day of mesterolone (proviron) by oral gavage for six weeks while the control group received equal volume of 0.9% normal saline per day. SPSS analysis of data generated with P< 0.05 considered statistically significant. The result showed significant (P< 0.05) body weight gain in all the animals. However, both the raw testicular weight and relative testicular weight per 100 g bwt was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in control than treated. The mean sperm count significantly decreased by 28% (P< 0.05) and the motility reduced significantly by 56% (P< 0.05) in the treated compared to control. In addition, both FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and T (testosterone) of the treated were significantly lowered by 73% (P< 0.05) and 63% (P< 0.05) respectively compared to the control. The use of mesterolone is with caution and short intermittent therapy is desirous for better semen quality and improved overall fertility.

Key words: Proviron, sperm parameters, germ cells, stereology, hormonal profiles, Sprague dawley rats.