International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Health related quality of life of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in Yemen

G. Q. Othman¹*, M. I. M. Ibrahim² and Y. A. Raja’a³

¹Social and Administrative Pharmacy Discipline, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

²Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

³Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen.

Accepted 18 April, 2018

Abstract

To compare the health related quality of life (HRQoL) between pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (PTB and EPTB) patients at pre- and post-intensive phases of treatment. A total of 173 PTB and 160 EPTB patients were selected from the TB centers in Sana’a, Yemen. The patients were given DR-12 questionnaire, measuring three domains: symptoms, life activities and social activities. DR-12 was subjected for internal consistency, reliability and linguistic validation. Quality of life was measured at onset, after one month, and at the end of intensive phase of treatment. Patients with PTB had significantly worse HRQoL score compared to EPTB (P < 0.05). The greatest difference was observed in the dimension reflecting symptoms, during the intensive phase. The improvement in HRQoL for both PTB and EPTB patients for the three domains, after one month and at the end of intensive phase compared to the baseline were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The HRQoL did not improve in PTB patients who failed to convert at the end of the intensive phase compared to the first month. At baseline, PTB patients have significantly lower HRQoL than EPTB. Both PTB and EPTB patients significantly improved after onset of treatment. The converted PTB patients improved in symptoms as compared to the non converted PTB patients.

Key words: Yemen, DR-12 questionnaire, health-related quality of life, tuberculosis.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-005, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

An unusual way to synthesize 1-nitronaphthalene from 1-amino-5-nitronaphthalene

Nitin Srivastava, Madhulata Shukla and Satyen Saha*

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi 221 005, India.

Accepted 17 April, 2018

Abstract

1-nitronaphthalene has unexpectedly been synthesized from 5-nitronaphthylamine using diazotization method and treatment with aqueous copper sulphate solution. Detailed UV-visible, FT-IR spectral analysis in addition to ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR studies have confirmed the product.

Key words: Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 1-nitronaphthalene, 1-amino-5-nitronaphthalene, diazotization, copper sulphate for reduction, UV-visible spectrum.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-011, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antioxidant properties of crude and fractionated extracts of Alpinia mutica rhizomes and their total phenolic content

Chung-Weng Phang¹, Sri Nurestri Abd Malek¹*, Halijah Ibrahim¹ and Norhanom Abdul Wahab²

¹Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

²Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Accepted 21 June, 2018

Abstract

In the present study, the antioxidant potential of the crude methanol and its fractionated extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and water) of the rhizomes of Alpinia mutica was investigated, employing four different assays. The antioxidant assays used were 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, b-carotene bleaching, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the reducing power assays while the total phenolic content was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant property in comparison to the other extracts against all assays conducted. The ethyl acetate fraction displayed better antioxidant activity in comparison to the standard compound, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and ascorbic acid in the b- carotene linoleate model system and the SOD assay. The ethyl acetate fraction was also found to have the highest phenolic content among the extract and fractions. The phenolic compounds present in the ethyl acetate fraction may have contributed to the good antioxidant properties of the ethyl acetate fraction. In conclusion, the rhizome extract of A. mutica especially the ethyl acetate fraction possesses good antioxidant activity and can be potentially used as natural antioxidants.

Key words: Alpinia mutica, antioxidant, radical scavenger, flavonoid, total phenolic content.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-004, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Bacteriology of burns and antibiogram in an Iranian burn care center

Shahnaz Beheshti and Mohammadali Zia*

Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

Accepted 21 April, 2018

Abstract

Burn patients face an obviously high risk for infections due to the immunocompromising effects of their injury. This study aimed to detect and identify bacteria isolated from patients and hospital environment in the burn unit and determine their antibiogram pattern in response to commonly used antimicrobial agents; in order to give recommendations for management of bacterial infections and drug-resistance. Materials of this study were 100 samples of burn wounds and multiple swab samples of different hospital environments. One hundred and twelve isolates were analyzed, from which there was a single agent in the majority of cases (73.3%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate (32.2%), followed by Enterobacter spp. (16.9%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (12.5%), Acinetobacter spp. (11.7%), Klebsiella spp. (8.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.2%), -hemolytic streptococci (4.4%), and others (6.2%). The most commonly detected isolate from hospital environment was P. aeruginosa (35%) followed by Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., coagulase-negative staphylococci. P. aeruginosa was the most resistant to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins (100%), whereas other gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ciprofloxacin and cephalosporin (70 to 100%). Restriction in the abuse of antibiotics and establishment of an infection control unit will help lower the incidence of infection.

Key words: Bacteriology, burn wounds, antibiogram, bacterial infections.

Key words: Cyclovirobuxine D, vasomotor effects, Ca²⁺.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-004, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Clinical and radiological results of posterior instrumentation without fusion for thoracolumbar fractures

Serdar Sargın, Bekir Yavuz Uçar*, Serdar Necmio lu, Mehmet Bulut and Mehmet Gem

Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Dicle, School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.

Accepted 17 May, 2018

Abstract

A retrospective study of clinical and radiological results of nonfusion operative treatment for thoracolumbar fractures. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that fusion was not always required in the surgical treatment with posterior instrumentation for thoracolumbar vertebral fractures and to show the success of surgical treatment without fusion. Fusion was added considering failure of the implant and inability to maintain the corrected kyposis angle after posterior instrumentation for thoracolumbar vertebral fractures. Fusion related problems such as the fusion-induced loss of stability in posterior elements, graft donor site problems, increased blood loss, allograft associated infections, and prolonged operation time, focus attention on surgical treatment without fusion. We intended to demonstrate the alignment and stability of the spine in the coronal and sagittal planes after treatment without fusion. Kyphosis angle and the extent of the collapse were measured in preoperative, postoperative and final examination films of 60 patients with thoracolumbar vertebral fractures. Based on the computerized tomography and magnetic resonance images of the patients, we evaluated intracanal fragments, the presence of pedicle and laminar fractures, posterior ligamentous complex status and the presence of medullary edema. With an aim to evaluate pain and quality of life of the patients, the oswestry disability ındex (ODI) and Roland morris disability questionnairre were tested. The obtained results were evaluated and the final postoperative conditions of the patients were investigated. For the statistical analysis of local kyphosis angle, sagittal index and percentage of anterior collapse that were measured in preoperative, postoperative and final examinations of the patients, descriptive analysis and one way analysis of variance for related samples were conducted. And Pearson’s correlation test was used for the analysis of the relationship between radiological measurements and clinical functions. It can be concluded that the patients derived radiological and statistically significant benefit from the surgery in terms of restoration of anterior column height and that postoperative radiological values were maintained with minimal reduction until the final examination (p>0.05) and that the surgery was effective in remodeling of the vertebral body. When evaluated in terms of the clinical results, a negative relationship (r = 0.300) between Oswestry scores and percentage of anterior collapse was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Our findings that the patients derived statistically significant benefit radiologically, in terms of local kyphosis angle and sagittal index correction from the posterior instrumentation without fusion and that postoperative radiological values were maintained with minimal increase (p>0.05) until the final examination, support our conclusion that fusion is not required. Hence, we can eliminate complications of fusion surgery.

Key words: Thoracolumbar fractures, surgical treatment without fusion, posterior instrumentation, local kyphosis angle, sagittal index.