International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-007, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Immune stimulating activity of water-soluble polysaccharide fractions from Dendrobium nobile Lindl.

Aoxue Luo and Yijun Fan*

Department of Landscape Plants, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.

Accepted 21 April, 2019

Abstract

Four water-soluble polysaccharides (DNP1-1, DNP2-1, DNP3-1 and DNP4-2) were obtained from the aqueous extracts of the stems of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and fractionated by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. The evaluation of tumor inhibition and immunomodulatory activity suggested that DNP4-2 could significantly increase the immune index, and strongly promote the secretion of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ, and also decrease the concentrations of MDA in blood serum. DNP4-2 should be explored as a potential anti-tumor drug.

Key words: Dendrobium nobile Lindl., immune stimulating, polysaccharide.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effects of carotid baroreceptor stimulation on blood pressure variability in young male athletes and non-athletes

Ali Arasteh¹*, Maliheh Hamzehzadeh Azar², Saeed Khamnei³ and Yousef Mehmannavaz⁴

¹Department of Physiology, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran.

²Department of Nursing, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran.

³Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

⁴Department of Animal Science, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran.

Accepted 15 May, 2019

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of carotid baroreceptor (BR) stimulation on blood pressure changes in young male volleyball players and non-athletes. Twenty five young male volleyball players and twenty-five young male non-athletes were recruited for voluntary participation in the present study. A neck suction device (Ekberg^,s model) was used for stimulation of carotid baroreceptor. In this study the duration of stimulation was 70 s, and the negative pressure used was -30 mm Hg. Blood pressures were recorded before, during and after ending of stimulation of carotid baroreceptors in sitting position. Indirect pressure assessment was utilized for data acquisition. According to the results of this study, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse blood pressure (PBP) significantly decreased compared to baseline levels in two groups (P<0.001). This research showed that the maximum reduction in SBP and PBP occurred in the 25th second, while for DBP the maximum reduction time was seen in the 5th second during stimulation in two groups. Also, maximum reduction in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in the group of athlete occurred in the 5th second, while in the group of non-athlete, it occurred in the 25th second .Our data showed a more reduction in SBP as compared with DBP, which was more evident in control group, although was not statistically significant. It is concluded that in athletes carotid baroreflex becomes more efficient due to long term physiological adaptations of exercise.

Key words: Blood pressure, carotid baroreceptor, male athletes.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Synthesis and antifungal activity of new 1-(2,4-dichloro phenyl)-3-aryl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) prop-2-en-1-one derivatives

Yinwei Ruan, Linhong Jin, Jiang He, Song Yang, Pinaki S. Bhadury, Ming He, Zhenchao Wang and Baoan Song*

State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.

Accepted 21 March, 2019

Abstract

A series of novel 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-aryl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) prop-2- en-1-one derivatives were synthesized in good yields by an aldol condensation between 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl) ethanone and an aryl aldehyde. The structures were established through ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. All compounds 4a-l at a concentration of 50 mg/L showed inhibition against the growth of Gibberella zeae, Fusarium oxysporium, Cytospora mandshurica. The title compound 4a displayed high antifungal activities against G. zeae, F. oxysporium, C. mandshurica comparable to hymexazol.

Key words: 1H-1,2,4-triazol derivative, prop-2-en-1-one moiety, antifungal activity.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2019.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Determination of enantiomeric compositions of ibuprofen by infrared spectrometry with catalytic amount of simple chiral recognition reagent

Xiaojing Chen^1,2, Xiangou Zhu^1,2 and Jun Jiang^1,2*

¹College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, People’s Republic of China.

²College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Information, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, People’s Republic of China.

Accepted 13 May, 2019

Abstract

Catalytic amount of cheap chiral recognition reagent (quinine) combined with chemometric and infrared spectroscopy (IR) was used for quick and accurate determination of the enantiomeric compositions of ibuprofen. First of all, full spectrum was used as the input variable of partial least regression (PLS) to establish the calibration model, after which a good prediction rate of the average error of 4.65% was obtained. Then, wavelet transform (WT) algorithm, with strong compression ability, was employed to obtain a more concise model. The low-frequency coefficients were extracted by the simplest Harr wavelet function, and were used as the input variables to establish the calibration, after which a good prediction rate of the average error of 3.60% was obtained. All the results showed that the combination of partial least squares and infrared spectroscopy can be used for quick and accurate prediction of the enantiomeric excess (ee) value of ibuprofen.

Key words: Ibuprofen, enantiomeric compositions, quinine, infrared, wavelet transform.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (9), pp. 001-007, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Rifabutin loaded floating gellan gum beads: In vitro and in vivo evaluation

Anurag Verma¹* and Jayant K. Pandit²

¹Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, IFTM, Moradabad, 244001, India.

²Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.

Accepted 12 April, 2019

Abstract

Rifabutin loaded floating gellan gum beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation in acidic medium. Buoyancy to the beads was attributed to the use of gas-generating agent, which produced an extremely porous internal structure lighter than gastric juice. Beads exhibited excellent buoyancy and remained buoyant up to 18 h. Drug incorporation efficiency of the beads was found to be dependent on the concentration of Ca⁺⁺ and gellan gum whereas drug release was dependent only on Ca⁺⁺ concentration. When administered orally to albino rats, beads floated on the gastric juice and released the drug into the stomach. Furthermore, blood samples were withdrawn periodically and rifabutin concentrations in the blood were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data obtained in this study demonstrated that floating beads bearing rifabutin were capable of stomach specific delivery of drug for longer period with increased bioavailability compared to pure drug as well as with non-floating drug containing beads. Overall, gellan gum loaded floating beads have a promising potential to treat multidrug resistant Helicobacter pylori infection.

Key words: Gellan gum, rifabutin, floating beads, Helicobacter pylori.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (9), pp. 001-005, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effects of tobacco smoke generated from cigarettes exposed to pulsed electromagnetic field in the rat

Predrag Vukomanović¹, Milan Jokanović¹* and Zoran Radosavljević²

¹Faculty of Medicine, University of Nish, Serbia.

²Special Hospital for Internal Diseases, Mladenovac, Serbia.

Accepted 21 April, 2019

Abstract

In this study, we have investigated the toxic effects of tobacco smoke obtained from cigarettes treated in pulsed electromagnetic field in the rat. The treatment of cigarettes was accomplished before the initiation of animal studies after exposure of standard cigarettes to pulsed electromagnetic irradiation of low power (>10^-7W) and wide frequency spectrum (30 Hz to 300 GHz) during 24 h according to the technology described in patents WO 01/26493, EP 1092354, US 2004/0206366A1 and AU2933700 entitled “Method for the Qualitative Improvement of the Products of Tobacco Plant”. Rats of both sexes were exposed to tobacco smoke obtained after burning 16 or 32 cigarettes per day during 90 days. The toxicity was assessed on the basis of clinical appearance, changes in behavior, biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke (carboxyhemoglobin in blood and thiocyanates in serum) and histopathological and morphological analysis of the lungs of all animals included in the study. The results obtained have shown that, the smoke generated from treated cigarettes formed significantly lower amount of carboxyhemoglobin in rats of both sexes when compared to standard nontreated cigarettes and the effect was dose-dependent. Tobacco smoke obtained from standard nontreated cigarettes induced significant dose-dependent increase of thiocyanate concentration in serum. However, in rats exposed to the smoke of treated cigarettes, there were no differences in thiocynate concentration when compared to controls not exposed to tobacco smoke. The results of morphometrical analysis in the rats exposed to tobacco smoke generated from standard nontreated cigarettes have shown statistically significant and dose-dependent decrease in participation of the lung parenchima in total lung surface up to 34% in male rats and up to 18% in female rats exposed to the higher dose of nontreated cigarette smoke. In addition, in these rats the mean alveolar circumference was incresed for about 17%. In rats exposed to the smoke of treated cigarettes there were no histopathological changes and differences in morphometrical parameters when compared to control animals. In conclusion, the results of this study have shown that, after treatment of cigarettes in pulsed electromagnetic field, the cigarettes produced tobaco smoke that was much less toxic in rats of both sexes exposed by inhalation route during 90 days when compared to the same cigarettes that were not treated in electromagnetic field.

Key words: Tobacco smoke, carboxyhemoglobin, thiocyanates, pulsed electromagnetic field.