ISSN 2326-7275
Review
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Review
A review on mechanism of plant geotropism: developing trend in research on pine root geotropism
Dexian He1 and David B South2*
1College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Rd., Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China. 2School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences and Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5418, USA.
Accepted 2 January, 2021
Abstract
Despite the fundamental importance of gravity-driven growth response in plants, the mechanisms that result in root geotropism are poorly understood and the signaling pathways involved remain elusive. Therefore, we reviewed root gravisensing structures and theories (or propositions) explaining root growth geotropism in directions of genetics, physiology, biochemistry, and environmental influence. The available data show that the mechanism(s) of root geotropism and root-gravisensing sites depends on the plant species studied. Based upon such a review, key academic controversies on mechanism of root geotropism were pinpointed, and developing trend of research on root geotropism was addressed.
Key words: developing trend, hypothesis, mechanism, root geotropism.
Dexian He, David B South*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Histophysiological and basal metabolic responses of albino rat, Rattus norvegicus (L) exposed to aqueous pepper extracts
Chukwu, L.O.
Aquatic Toxicology and Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 22 December, 2020
Abstract
The effect of oral ingestion of aqueous extracts of two species of pepper, Capsicum annum var fastigatum (Linn) and Capsicum frutescens var minima (Linn) on the basal metabolic rate and histophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract and liver of Rattus norvegicus (L) was investigated. Body weight data was recorded weekly during the period of investigation. The various species of pepper produced a decrease in basal metabolic rate as the concentrations of the extract increased. Gross and histopathological changes observed in the gastrointestinal tract and liver were demonstrated as cellular damage under light microscopy and weight loss. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Key Words: Histophysiology, metabolic rate, albino rat pepper extracts.
Chukwu , L.O.
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Glutathione S-transferase activity of erythrocyte genotypes HbAA, HbAS and HbSS in male volunteers administered with fansidar and quinine
P. C. Chikezie1*, A. A. Uwakwe2 and C. C. Monago2
1Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Accepted 18 May, 2020
Abstract
In vivo investigations were carried out to ascertain the comparative levels of erythrocyte GST activity between non-malarious and malarious male subjects of HbAA, HbAS and HbSS erythrocyte genotypes, administered with fansidar and quinine. The incubation of human erythrocytes with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) resulted in almost quantitative conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to form S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) glutathione, determination of GST activity was carried out at 0 h and after 3, 6 and 18 h, 2 antimalarial drugs (Fansidar and quinine) were administered to the volunteers. The control values of non-malarious and malarious individuals ranged between (3.27 to 12.50 iu/gHb) and (2.75 to 12.21 iu/gHb) respectively. Erythrocyte GST activity was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in P. falciparum infected red cells compared to normal ones, except parasitized male HbSS erythrocytes. Generally, the pattern of in vivo erythrocyte GST activity in the presence of the 2 antimalarial drugs showed 2 phase profile. The first stage showed decreasing levels of relative GST activity within approximate time range 6 h after the drugs were administered to the volunteers. The second phase showed recovery of erythrocyte GST activity (6 - 18 h approx.) from the inhibitory effects of the drugs.
Key words: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, erythrocytes, fansidar, quinine, 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitroben-zene (CDNB).
A. A. Uwakwe and C. C. Monago, P. C. Chikezie*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Lipid composition of microsomal fraction of female rat liver at different stages of growth
Chidozie, V. N.1,3*, Anekwe, G. E.1, Chukwu, O. O. C.2, Olabode, O. A.3, Igweh, A. C.4 and Adeyanju, O. N.3
1Department of Biochemistry, University of Jos, Nigeria.
2Molecular Biology Department, Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory Technology, Vom, Nigeria.
3Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory Technology, Vom, Nigeria.
4Biochemistry and Chemotherapy Division, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Vom, Nigeria.
Accepted 06 May, 2020
Abstract
It has been reported that lipids are the only macromolecules which display consistency in their pattern of biosynthesis for all living system. In this study, lipid biosynthesis in the liver microsomes of female Sprague-Dawley rats as they aged (3, 7, 12 , 16 and 20 weeks) was studied. The microsomes were isolated by homogenization and centrifugation. The aliquot of the microsomes and soluble enzymes fraction were dried and separated into neutral and polar lipids. The separation of neutral and polar lipids fractions was by silicic acid column chromatography. The data obtained from the study showed that the total lipid content of the rat liver microsomes, the cholesterol, the triglycerides, and the polar (phosphoglycerides) lipids increased as the rats grew older. The results imply that similar pattern of lipid biosynthesis occurs in rats as in humans. This study has given a better understanding of the pattern of biosynthesis of lipids in female rats.
Key words: Liver microsomes, cholesterol, triglycerides, phosphoglycerides, lipidoses.
G. E, Igweh , O. A., Anekwe , Olabode , O. O. C, Chidozie , O. N, A. C and Adeyanju, V. N*, Chukwu
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol on hepatic and renal functional markers and protein levels in streptozotocin-diabetic rats
Govindasamy Chandramohan1, Khalid S. Al-Numair1 and Kodukkur Viswanathan Pugalendi2*
1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
2Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
Accepted 14 April, 2020
Abstract
Oral administration of 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol at 40 mg/kg body weight to diabetic rats for 45 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and significant increase in plasma insulin levels. In addition, the diabetic rats had decreased levels of plasma total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio as compared to control rats. After treatment with 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol and glibenclamide total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio were brought back to near normal. The activities of hepatic and renal markers were significantly elevated in diabetic rats as compared to control rats. Treatment with 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol and glibenclamide reversed these parameters to near normal levels. In diabetic rats, the decreased levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine with increased levels of albumin and urine volume was observed, and treatment with 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol and glibenclamide reversed these parameters to near normal. These results indicate that 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol, a compound isolated from Casearia esculenta, has beneficial effect on hepatic and renal functional markers.
Key words: Casearia esculenta, 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol, glibenclamide, diabetes, liver, kidney, functional markers.
Khalid S. Al-Numair and Kodukkur Viswanathan Pugalendi*, Govindasamy Chandramohan
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of cinnamon on blood glucose and lipids levels in diabetic patients (Type1)
Abdul Rahim Al Jamal
Zarqa Private University, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Technology, P.O. Box 2000, Zarqa 13110- Jordan. E- Mail: [email protected]. Tel.: +962-(0)788218614.
Accepted 12 March, 2020
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation of cinnamon on blood glucose and lipids levels among type1 diabetics. The samples consisted of 60 subjects with type1 diabetes and the doses of cinnamon were equally administered orally in the form of capsules with breakfast, lunch and dinner. The doses were given for 4 weeks. Blood samples were taken on the starting day of the experiment and at the end of 4 weeks. The fasting blood glucose and lipids levels of types1 were determined, from the results obtained the mean value of fasting blood glucose levels for cinnamon doses on the starting day, was found to be 241.5 mg/dl and the mean values for lipids were triglyceride (225.5 mg/dl), total cholesterol (300 mg/dl) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (165.7 mg/dl). When the diabetic individuals used the doses of cinnamon for 4 weeks, their mean fasting blood glucose level dropped to 126.67 mg/dl, triglycerides (150 mg/dl), total cholesterol (210 mg/dl) and LDL (115.5 mg/dl). The reduction in the mean fasting blood glucose and lipids levels were significant at P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 respectively.
Key words: Cinnamon, blood glucose, lipids level, type1 diabetes.
Abdul Rahim Al Jamal
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