International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (6), pp. 001-009, June, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Apoptotic and necrotic effects of carboxylated quercetin/polyethylenimine complex on HeLa cells

Murat Uluğ¹, Mustafa Türk¹*, Serpil Oğuztüzün¹, Yusuf Menemen¹ and Gülten Kahraman²

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Science-art, Kirikkale University, 71450 Yahşihan, Kirikkale, Turkey.

²Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Sarayköy Nuclear Research Center, Ankara, Turkey.

Accepted 17 January, 2016

Abstract

The effects of quercetin (Q), carboxylated quercetin (CQ) and carboxylated quercetin/polyethylenimine (CQ/PEI) complex on HeLa cell cultures were investigated. Firstly, carboxylated quercetin was acquired through hydroxyl groups of quercetin, using chloroacetic acid. The complex of CQ/PEI was acquired by electron cooperation path over polietilenimine amine groups and quercetin carboxyl groups. CQ and CQ/PEI obtained were characterised by FTIR and ¹H–NMR methods. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. Apoptotic and necrotic indexes were obtained by immunocytochemical staining with the M30 antibodies and double staining and double staining, respectively. It was determined that quercetin caused lower rates of necrosis and apoptosis on HeLa cells by itself, but CQ/PEI complex resulted in high levels. As a result, it was observed that transition of quercetin to HeLa via binding it to polyethylenimine increased its anticarcinogenic effects.

Key words: Quercetin, HeLa, cancer, apoptosis, necrosis, cytotoxicity.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Investigations on DNA protective and antioxidant potential of chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.

Manish Kumar¹, Subodh Kumar² and Satwinderjeet Kaur¹*

¹Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India.

²Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India.

Accepted 17 March, 2017

Abstract

Reactive oxygen (ROS) species have been known as a contributory factor in the etiology of cancer and various neurodegenerative diseases. ROS are produced as a result of normal metabolic processes occurring in the human body. Therapy using free radical scavengers have the potential to prevent, delay many disorders. The crude extracts and natural pure compounds from plants are reported to have antioxidant activity. Keeping this in mind, the chloroform fraction (KCF) and ethyl acetate fraction (KEA fraction) isolated from leaves of Koelreuteria paniculata (Sapindaceae) was investigated for its genoprotective potential against the DNA damage induced by Fenton’s reagent in pUC18 plasmid DNA. Further, the fractions were examined for their superoxide anion radical scavenging, 2, 2- Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging and reducing power potential. The fractions significantly protected the DNA damage induced by the hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton’s reagent. The KCF and KEA fractions scavenged the superoxide anions by 19.59% (EC₅₀ = N.D) and 67.12% (EC₅₀ 167.59 µg/ml) respectively, DPPH radicals by 79.96% (EC₅₀ 121.98 µg/ml) and 86.04% (EC₅₀ 105 µg/ml) respectively; ABTS cation radicals by 87.63% (EC₅₀ 75.48) and 94.3% (EC₅₀ 62.12) respectively and showed reducing potential of 95.27% (EC₅₀ 60.94 µg/ml) and 80.03% (EC₅₀ 72.70 µg/ml) respectively.

Key words: Reactive oxygen species, Fenton’s reagent, genoprotective potential, DNA damage.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of anti-tumor activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Dendrobium denneanum

Yijun Fan and Aoxue Luo*

Chengdu Campus of Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, PR, China.

Accepted 07 October, 2016

Abstract

Three water-soluble polysaccharides (DDP1-1, DDP2-1 and DDP3-1) were obtained from the aqueous extracts of the stems of Dendrobium denneanum by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and fractionated by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. The main structure characterizations and anti-tumor activities of three fractions were evaluated in this paper. The results showed DDP1-1 with 12.50 mg/kg could significant inhibit the increment of the tumor, increase immune index of S180 mice, and also strongly promote the secretion of IL-2, TNF- and IFN- . Therefore, results of these studies demonstrated the polysaccharide DDP1-1 has strong anti-tumor and immunomodulation abilities.

Key words: Immunomodulating, Dendrobium denneanum, polysaccharide, anti-tumor.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antibacterial activity analysis of extracts of various plants against gram -positive and -negative bacteria

Anwar Khalid¹, Amir Waseem¹, Malik Saadullah², Uzair-Ur -Rehman³, Sonia Khiljee⁴, Ayesha Sethi⁵, Muhammad Hassham Hassan Bin Asad⁶, Fatima Rasool⁷, Muhammad Khurram⁸ Waqas and Ghulam Murtaza⁶*

¹Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.

²Department of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.

³Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehara, Pakistan.

⁴Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicines, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.

⁵College of Pharmacy, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

⁶Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.

⁷College of Pharmacy, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.

⁸Department of Pharmacy, the University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Accepted 26 October, 2016

Abstract

The methanolic, hot water and cold water extracts of Pistacia Integerrima (gall), Polygonum Bistorta (root), Swetia Charita (stem) and Zingiber officinale (root) were screened against gram positive bacteria like Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Entereococcus faecalis ( ATCC 14506) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), and gram negative bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028) for their antibacterial efficiency. Discs agar diffusion technique was used. The maximum zone of inhibition of 19 mm of methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale was observed against Staphylococcus aureus, while the maximum zone of inhibition of 15 mm of cold water extract of Zingiber officinale against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 15 mm of cold water extract of Swetia Charita against Bacillus subtilis were observed. Standard drugs with antibiotic action like ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone sodium, cefuroxine, ciprofloxacin, gentamycine, levofloxacin, metronidazole and tranexamic acid were also used against these bacteria and compared their results with that of the plants extracts.

Key words: Pistacia integerrima, Polygonum bistorta, Swetia charita, Zingiber officinale, antimicrobial activity, extract.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anti glioma effect of doxorubicin loaded liposomes modified with angiopep-2

Mei Danyu^1,2, Gao Huile^1,2, Gong Wei³, Pang Zhiqing^1,2, Jiang Xinguo^1,2* and Chen Jun^1,2

¹School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.

²Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.

³Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100853, China.

Accepted 28 August, 2016

Abstract

The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) was highly expressed in blood brain barrier and glioma cells. Angiopep-2 was a new and effective ligand of LRP. Herein, we present a novel brain targeting delivery system: doxorubicin (DOX) loaded angiopep-2 modified liposome (AL). The particle size of AL was 102 nm and the zeta potential was -9.8 mV, which was stable and suitable for brain targeting delivery. In the anti glioma study, AL group had the smallest average tumor volume, the strongest tumor apoptosis, gain more weight after treatment and longer median survival time than that of other groups. This proved that Angiopep- 2 modified doxorubicin liposomes had certain glioma targeting therapeutic effects and lower toxicity.

Key words: Angiopep-2, liposome, glioma, targeted drug delivery.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of the matrices and penetration enhancers in elemene transdermal drug delivery system

Zhaowu Zeng^{1, 2}, Jing Lin², Haifeng Li²* Tian Xi², Wei Zhou², Haizhu Fan², Xiaori Zhan², Shuling Wang², Anming Wang², Xiaoli Wang³ and Xingyan Liu³

¹College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.

²Research Center for Biomedicine and Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.

³China-America Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.

Accepted 30 May, 2016

Abstract

The objective of this study is to develop an elemene transdermal drug delivery system by choosing suitable drug-loaded matrices and permeation enhancers and to observe their effects in this system. The in vitro transdermal release profiles were determined by Franz diffusion cells. The content of elemene in the collected samples was determined by gas chromatograph. Polyvinyl alcohol and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose were chosen as drug-loaded matrices. The optimal amount of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in matrices was 30% (w/w). It was found that azone was the best one among several penetration enhancers, compared with oleinic acid, eucalyptus oil and laurinol. Moreover, using azone together with propylene glycol, the permeation effect of elemene was even better. The appropriate ratio between azone and propylene glycol was 1:1. Moreover, 2% azone and 2% propylene glycol together as permeation enhancers achieved the best permeation effect for the elemene transdermal drug delivery system. The solution containing 20% saline, 50% ethanol and 30% PEG-400 was a good receiving media for -elemene in Franz diffusion cells. The amount of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in the matrices had obvious effects on the penetration ability of elemene. Types and concentration of the penetration enhancers had effect on the permeability of elemene through skin.

Key words: Transdermal, drug delivery system, penetration enhancers.