Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Toxicological assessment of oral administration of some antisickling agents in rats

Oyewole, O. I.¹* and Malomo, S. O.²

¹Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown.

²Department of Biochemistry, University, Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Accepted 29 July, 2017

Abstract

This study investigated the toxicological effects of oral administration of hydroxyurea, tellurite and thiocyanate on some biochemical parameters in rats. The drugs were administered orally to rats daily at their therapeutic dose for 28 days after which some biochemical parameters were measured. All the drugs caused growth depression and significant elevation (P < 0.05) of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) while they also lowered serum albumin and total protein. Thiocyanate and tellurite significantly decreased activities of the three enzymes in the liver and kidney while hydroxyurea resulted in significant elevated activities. Tellurite significantly reduced serum concentrations of sodium ion and urea while it elevated serum potassium, creatinine and bilirubin. Hydroxyurea elevated serum urea and creatinine while it reduced bilirubin concentration. Thiocyanate significantly reduced (P < 0.05) serum bicarbonate and bilirubin. These results suggest that the drugs might be toxic at their therapeutic dose with thiocyanate exhibiting mildest toxicity followed by hydroxyurea.

Key words: Sickle cell disease, hydroxyurea, sodium thiocyanate, potassium tellurite

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antinociceptive properties of Trigonella foenumgreacum seeds extracts

A. Laroubi¹*, L. Farouk¹, R. Aboufatima, A. Benharref ², A. Bagri³ and A. Chait¹

¹Laboratory of Animal Physiology unit of Ecophysiology, Cadi-Ayyad University, Faculty of Science Semlalia Marrakech, Morocco.

²Chemistry Laboratory of the Natural Substances and the Heterocycles, Cadi-Ayyad University, Faculty of Science Semlalia Marrakech, Morocco.

³Laboratory of Biochimestry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Hassan 1^er, B.P.: 577, Settat 26000, Morocco.

Accepted 23 July, 2017

Abstract

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Leguminosae), known in Morocco as “Helba”, is used in folk medicine for its anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, cicatrizing activities and to treat various pain-related physiological conditions. In the present study, we attempted to verify the possible antinociceptive action of different extracts obtained from the seeds of this plant. Three experimental models were used (acetic acid, formalin, and hot-plate tests) in order to characterize the analgesic effect. The extracts significantly, and in a dose-dependent manner, reduced the pain induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid. In the formalin test, the extracts, except ethyl acetate extract (Tfge), significantly reduced the painful stimulus but only in the early phase of the test. On the contrary, these extracts, except Tfge, were ineffective to increase the latency of licking or jumping in the hot plate test. These results suggest that the compounds present in the extracts activated both central and peripheral mechanisms to elicit the analgesic effect.

Key words: Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds, writhing test, formalin test, hot-plate test, nociception, mice, rats.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Regenerative action of Cochlospermum tinctorium aqueous root extract on experimentally induced hepatic damage in rats

Etuk E. U^1*, Francis U. U², Garba I³

^1&3Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

²Department of Pharmacognosy and natural medicine, University of Uyo, Nigeria.

Accepted 15 May, 2017

Abstract

The hepatoprotective effect of aqueous root extract of Cochlospermum tinctorium on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) on induced hepatic damage in rats was reported. The present study examined the curative action of the plant extract on experimentally induced hepatic damage in rats. Wistar rats were divided into normal control, induction control, extract and prednisolone treated groups. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of CCl₄ (30% in olive oil) for 5 days. Treatment group received 200 mg/kg of extract post hepatotoxicity induction orally for 7 days. The animals were sacrificed on the 8^th day, blood and hepatic tissue collected for liver function test and histopathological analysis respectively. Administration of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in the rats was evidenced by a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the blood clotting time, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and bilirubin as compared to the control. There was also a significant reduction in the serum total protein, serum albumin and reduced glutathione levels. Treatment with the extract reversed the values of all the biochemical parameters to near normal values in control. The histopathological reports collaborate with the biochemical analysis results. Oral administration of aqueous root extract of Cochlospermum tinctorium for 7 days has significantly reversed hepatic damage produced by CCl₄ in wistar rats.

Key words: Cochlospermum tinctorium, carbon tetrachloride, hepatotoxicity, wistar rats.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Peripheral blood and C-reactive protein levels (CRP) in chronic periodontitis

Balwant Rai¹, Jasdeep Kaur ², Simmi Kharb², Rajnish Jain², S. C. Anand² and Jaipaul Singh²

¹Prabhu Dayal Memorial (PDM) Dental College and Research Institute - Haryana - Bahadurgarh-India.

²BJS dental collage, India

³Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

⁴UClan, UK

Accepted 4 December, 2016

Abstract

Evidence for a potential link between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease (CHD) has accumulated in recent years. C-reactive protein is potential marker of cardiovascular risk and associated with periodontal disease. CRP levels were analyzed in 26 periodontitis patients and 23 healthy controls along with hemoglobin, red blood cell count (RBC), leukocyte cell count (total and differential WBC), platelet count. Total WBC, neutrophil and platelet counts and CRP levels were raised significantly in periodontitis patients as compared to controls (p<0.01) while RBC count and hemoglobin were significantly lowered in periodontitis as compared to controls (p<0.01). These findings suggest an important role of CRP in development of periodontitis. Routinely screening for CRP in periodontitis patients might be an important tool to prevent heart disease.

Key words: C-reactive protein, WBC, RBC, thrombocyte, periodontitis, coronary heart disease.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Selected heavy metals and electrolyte levels in blood of workers and residents of industrial communities

Babalola O. O¹* and Babajide S. O²

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife Nigeria.

²Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, P. M. B 2210, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

Accepted 30 January, 2017

Abstract

The study focused on the determination of the levels of lead, cadmium, sodium and potassium in the blood of selected industrial workers (n = 36), residents of the neighboring communities (n = 36) as well as the residents of the communities further away from any industrial setting (which controls) (n = 12). The subjects were recruited from the granite served as the, ceramic and cement industries at Ewekoro, Abeokuta North and South Local government areas of Ogun state, Nigeria. The blood lead (BPb) and cadmium (BCd) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while blood sodium (BNa⁺) and potassium (BK⁺) were determined by flame photometry. The weight and height of all respondents were measured in addition to other information obtained through a structured questionnaire and their body mass indices computed. The mean BCd, BNa⁺ and BK⁺ for controls and the test subjects were not significantly different from each other. Significant difference was only observed in the level of BPb between the test and the control. This was also observed when comparing the mean of all the measurements in the blood of residents of the neighboring communities with that of the control subjects. These results revealed that workers and the residents of the neighboring communities are at the risk of lead poisoning to which they were exposed.

Key words: Industrial communities, heavy metals level, electrolyte levels.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Toxicological effects of chlorpyrifos and methidathion in young chickens

Ojezele, Matthew Obaineh¹* and Abatan, Oluwole Matthew²

¹Department of pharmacology and therapeutics, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria.

²Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, P. O. Box 20711 (U. I.), Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Accepted 25 January, 2017

Abstract

The objective of this work is assessment of the toxicological effects of the organophosphorus compounds (methidathion and chlorpyrifos) and the usefulness of some parameters as bioindicators. Haematology and serum biochemistry were assayed in 15 cockrels at random age of 4 - 6 weeks. The birds were randomly assigned to 3 oral (by mouth) pulse-dose treatments of 0, 3.5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos, and 7.5 mg/kg methidathion, respectively. Haematology and serum biochemistry were used as indices of toxicosis. Significantly (P < 0.05) reduced WBC, Neutrophils and Lymphocyte counts were observed in the groups of birds dosed with chlorpyrifos and methidathion. PCV, Hb, and RBC were significantly decreased by methidathion while chlorpyrifos caused a significant increase in these parameters. Results obtained in this study also showed that methidathion and chlorpyrifos caused significant decrease in the levels of ALP, ALT, TP, and ALB. While methidathion caused a significant decrease in the level of AST reverse is the case for chlorpyrifos with respect to AST. It was also observed that both organophosphates had no significant effect on the level of BIL. The study thus showed that the evaluated parameters can serve as useful bioindicators of the sub lethal exposure to organo-phosphorus compounds.

Key words: Biochemistry, chlorpyrifos, methidathion, bioindicators, cockrels, haematology.