ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-013, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Biodegradation of Panicum repens residues by Pleurotus ostreatus for its use as a non conventional feedstuff in diets of Oreochromis niloticus
Elsayed B. Belal1 and Khalafalla, M. M. E2
1Department of Agricultural Botany (Agricultural Microbiology), Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
2Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt.
Accepted 22 February, 2019
Abstract
Biological degradation of torpedo grass, Panicum repens L. residues by Pleurotus ostreatus and suitability of using the highly digestible, protein-enriched, as a non conventional feedstuff in diets of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fingerlings were investigated. The optimal pH and temperature for growth Pleurotus ostreatus and its cellulase production were 6 and 25°C, respectively. The cellulase was induced in submerged culture with presence of the carboxymethyl cellulose and Torpedo grass residues in MSL, while the presence of additional carbon sources such as glucose, dextrose or a complex media (Potato Dextrose) suppressed enzyme production. The amount of reducing sugar present in the biodegraded biomass by cellulase after 30 min incubation time was 2.5 (U/ml/min) but was 2.1 (U/ml/min) by Pleurotus ostreatus after 14 days incubation time under optimum growth conditions. The solid substrate fermentation (SSF) was carried out at pH 6 and 25°C for 32 days. Protein contents of the biodegraded biomass increased from 7.52 to 8.91% and crude fiber contents decreased from 23.27 to 11.28. This biodegraded biomass was used as non conventional feedstuff in diets of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. The results showed that Nile tilapia fingerlings received diets containing 25% treated torpedo grass showed the best results in growth parameters, feed efficiency and economic efficiency.
Key words: Biodegradation, Pleurotus ostreatus, torpedo grass, Panicum repens L., Nile tilapia, growth parameters.
Elsayed B. Belal and Khalafalla, M. M. E
Research Article
Isolation and identification of Bacillus strains with antimycobacterial activity
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and identification of Bacillus strains with antimycobacterial activity
Souraya El Guendouzi1, David Suzanna2, Mohammed Hassi1, Abdellatif Haggoud1, Saad Ibn souda1, Abdellah Houari1 and Mohammed Iraqui1*
1Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Fès. B.P: 2202, Fès, Maroc.
2Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA,IP), 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
Accepted 14 March, 2019
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the principal cause of death worldwide due to an infectious disease. The resurgence of tuberculosis, followed by the increase in prevalence of infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), as well as the multi-drug resistance of mycobacteria to the majority of currently available antibiotics, have encouraged research for new antimycobacterial agents. Soil and water samples from different Moroccan biotopes, have led to the isolation of four bacterial strains (M, R, G and S), showing an inhibitory effect on mycobacterial growth. This effect was shown to be due to secreted substances in the growth medium. From subsequent analysis it was concluded that these strains produced different active substances. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA showed that these isolates belong to the genus Bacillus. The active substance from isolate M, showed the more important inhibitory effect on mycobacterial growth. It precipitated with ammonium sulfate and lost all activity when treated with Proteinase K, revealing its protein nature.
Key words: Tuberculosis, mycobacteria, antimycobacterial agents, Bacillus.
Souraya El Guendouzi, David Suzanna, Saad Ibn souda, Abdellatif Haggoud, Abdellah Houari and Mohammed Iraqui*, Mohammed Hassi
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Cloning and characterization of a female gametophyte-specific gene in GRACILARIA LEMANEIFORMIS (Gracilariales, Rhodophyte)
Peng Chen1,4, HongBo Shao1,2* and Di Xu3
1The CAS/Shandong Provincial, Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai 264003, China.
2Institute for Life Sciences, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST), Qingdao 266042, China.
3College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266002, China.
4Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.
Accepted 21 February, 2019
Abstract
In this study, forward and reverse suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries were constructed between female and male gametophyte of GRACILARIA LEMANEIFORMIS to isolate genes differentially expressed between gametophytes. Dot-blots were performed to screen 384 colonies randomly selected from each subtracted libraries. Partial gene (designated as GMF-01) which is female gametophyte-specific was selected to isolate its cDNA full length sequences and to be characterized. Then we got its cDNA full length sequences using SMART-RACE technic. Sequence analysis showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of GMF-01 is 1002 bp long with a GC content of 47.7%, encoding 333 amino acids. GMF-01 does not have significant match in the databases when examined on NCBI website. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that the theoretical pI of this translated protein is 7.92, while the instability index is computed to be 43.61, which has classified the protein as unstable. Results of prediction showed 45.05% of its secondary structure has random coil and sub-cellular location prediction indicated that it is probably a extracellular protein.
Key words: Gracilaria lemaneiformis, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), sex determination, gametophyte.
Peng Chen, HongBo Shao* and Di Xu
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Outer membrane vesicle of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B as an adjuvant in immunization of rabbit against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A
Seyed Davar Siadat1,2, Saied Reza Naddaf 3, Mehrangiz Zangeneh4, Arfa Moshiri 5, Seyed Mehdi Sadat1, Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani1, Mohammad Hassan Pouriayevali1, Safieh Amini1 and Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi1*
1Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Bacterial Vaccines and Antigen Production, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
4Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
5Department of Biotechnology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 13 February, 2019
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B outer membrane vesicle (OMV) was revealed to be an efficient carrier for polysaccharide antigens such as capsular antigens. Also, OMV of N. meningitidis was shown to be able to induce high levels of antibodies when applied as an adjuvant for T-independent antigens. In this study OMV was used as an adjuvant with group A meningococcal capsular polysaccharide (GAMP) and tested in New zealand white rabbits to evaluate bactericidal antibody response and opsonophagocytosis activity against serogroup A meningococci. Non- covalent combination of OMV and GAMP and three controls including GAMP, OMV and normal saline were injected intramuscularly into groups of four female New Zealand rabbits with boosters on days 14 and 28 after primary immunization. The serum samples were collected on days 0, 14, 28 and 42 and tested by complement mediated bactericidal assay and opsonophagocytosis activity against serogroup A meningococci according to the world health organization protocol. The results indicate that the combination of OMV with GAMP, in noncovalent form, would be able to induce a high level of bactericidal antibody and opsonophagocytosis activity response in comparison with GAMP alone after 42 days (P< 0.05) . The OMV of N. meningitidis showed to be a potent carrier protein in the induction of immune system but in this article the role of OMV is studied as an adjuvant to promote immune system in non-covalent form and without any conjugation process in order to induce immune response against three prevalent serogroups of N. meningitidis.
Key words: OMV, Adjuvant, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, Bactericidal activity.
Safieh Amini and Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi*, Arfa Moshiri, Saied Reza Naddaf, Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani, Mohammad Hassan Pouriayevali, Mehrangiz Zangeneh, Seyed Mehdi Sadat, Seyed Davar Siadat
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibiotic susceptibility and toxins production of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples from Benin
Sina H.1, Baba-Moussa F.2, Ahoyo T. A.3, Mousse W.1, Anagonou S.4, Gbenou J. D.5, Prévost G.6, Kotchoni S. O.7 and Baba-Moussa L.1*
1Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques/Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 05 BP 1604 Cotonou, Benin.
2Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Technologie Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques/Université d’Abomey- Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.
3EPAC/ Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Benin.
4Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CNHU-HKM, Cotonou, Benin.
5Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et des huiles essentielles. FSS-FAST/ Université d’Abomey-Calavi. ISBA, Champ de foire, Cotonou, Benin.
6Institut de Bactériologie, Unité : EA-4438 Physiopathologie et Médecine, 3 rue Koeberlé, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
7Department of Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA.
Accepted 23 March, 2019
Abstract
A wide range of clinical samples were screened for identification of Staphylococcus aureus, their antibiotic sensitivity profile and the production of different leucotoxin and epidermolysins was evaluated. Out of 2,040 biological samples (collected from pus, urine, sperms, genital, catheter and blood of hospitalized and extra-hospital patients) screened, 123 pure cultures of S. aureus colonies were isolated. 48.78% of S. aureus were resistant to methicillin (MRSA), while 78% of them were isolated from extra-hospital patients. The S. aureus isolated from urines, pus and blood produced Panton and Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin, while the leucotoxin lukE-lukD was exclusively encountered by S. aureus isolated from pus samples. None of the bacterial colony isolated produced epidermolysin toxins A and B. In addition, 3.25% of MRSA and 8.13% of methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) produced PVL respectively. Our results indicated high frequency rate of MRSA in extra-hospital screened samples isolated from various types of infection. This high resistance rate combined with toxin production increases the virulence of S. aureus colonies and put therefore at risk the life of the patients in developing countries where auto-medication is not controlled. There is the need to instruct the population in order to avoid further widening of MRSA territory.
Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), antibiotic, infection, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Benin.
Gbenou J. D, Prévost G, Baba-Moussa F, Ahoyo T. A, Sina H, Kotchoni S. O and Baba-Moussa L*, Anagonou S, Mousse W
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Nano theoretical studies of fMet-tRNA structure in protein synthesis of prokaryotes and its comparison with the structure of fAla-tRNA
F. Mollaamin*, M. Noei, M. Monajjemi and R. Rasoolzadeh
Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
In this paper, we performed quantum mechanic calculations on structures of fMet-tRNA and fAla-tRNA. Comparing the results structure design was done by formalizing the amino acid and attaching in to the adenine nucleotide of tRNA. The performed calculations are Opt, SCRF, NBO and NMR.
Key words: Natural bond orbital (NBO), fMet-tRNA, NMR, Opt, SCRF, fAla-tRNA.
F. Mollaamin*, M. Noei, M. Monajjemi and R. Rasoolzadeh