ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibacterial activity of cyanolichen and symbiotic cyanobacteria against some selected microorganisms
R. Shyam Kumar1*, N. Thajuddin2 and C. Venkateswari3
1Department of Biotechnology, PSR Engineering College, Sivakasi, India.
2Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Trichirapalli, India.
3Department of Bioinformatics, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India.
Accepted 24 February, 2017
Abstract
Lichen (Collema auriforme) collected from Kolli Hills of Tamil Nadu, India and two symbiotic cyanobacteria (Aphanocapsa sp. NTK28, and Nostoc sp. NTK29) were taken for screening antibacterial activity. Alcohol and acetone were used as solvents for extraction of compounds from lichen and symbiotic cyanobacteria. Four clinical isolates of Pseudomonas sp., Escherischia coli, Klebsiella sp., and the Gram positive organism Staphylococcus sp. were used as test organisms. Solvent extracts of lichen showed antibacterial activity against three test organisms. Alcohol extract of lichen showed no inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas sp. Other organisms like E. coli, Klebsiella sp. and Staphylococcus sp. were highly susceptible to alcoholic extract even at low concentration. Solvent extracts (alcohol and acetone) of cyanobacteria did not show any significant effect on the selected bacterial strains.
Key words: Lichens, cyanolichens, cyanobacteria, antibiotic, antibacterial activity.
R. Shyam Kumar*, N. Thajuddin and C. Venkateswari
Page: 1 - 10
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Production of bio-ethanol from Pectobacterium carotovorum induced soft rotten potatoes
Adarsha Ramesh, D. L. Asha and R. Balaji Raja*
Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, Kattankulathur –603203, Tamilnadu, India.
Accepted 17 May, 2016
Abstract
The potato is a tuberous crop that adapt readily to diverse climates. The potato contains vitamins and minerals that have been identified as vital to human nutrition as well as an assortment of phytochemicals, such as carotenoids and polyphenols. Pectobacterium carotovorum is the causative agent for the soft rot induced in potatoes across temperate and tropical regions. Production of ethanol from 10 potato cultivars which were rotten by soft rot (P. carotovorum induced) was effected. Ethanol yield of about 6 - 10 ml / 100 gm of potatoes was achieved. The effect of pH in the yield of ethanol was also determined in the ten cultivars by varying the levels of pH across the spectrum and it was found that pH had a considerable impact on bio-ethanol production. This method of ethanol production is easy and environmental friendly in nature.
Key words: Pectobacterium carotovorum, phytochemicals, carotenoids, polyphenols, potatoes.
Adarsha Ramesh, D. L. Asha and R. Balaji Raja*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Radioresistance analysis of Deinococcus radiodurans gene DR1709 in Escherichia coli
Shu Haiyan and Tian Baoming*
Department of Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
Accepted 10 May, 2016
Abstract
Deinococcus radiodurans’ extraordinarily strong radiation resistance was attributed to its high Mn2+ content. DR1709 was one predicted Mn2+ transporter, but after it was disrupted, there were at least ten proteins whose expressions changed markedly, suggesting that the proteins which were expressed differently between the wild type and the mutant may play key roles in this bacterium’s radiation resistance, while DR1709 was only a switch to activate these proteins. To identify if this deduction was true or not, DR1709 was isolated from D. radiodurans and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21, whose genomic background is hugely different from that of D. radiodurans. Results showed that the transformed E. coli had higher resistance to and UV radiation than the original strain. After being treated with 150 Gy radiation, E. coli containing DR1709 had 70% survival fraction, while only 17% of the control cells can be found on LB plate. DR1709 had the ability to protect cells directly from being damaged by and UV radiations. E. coli containing DR1709 had higher Mn content than the initial strain. Although the transformed strain had higher survival than the original E. coli, its survival rate decreased with UV dose increasing. After being transformed with DR1709, E. coli BL21’s Fe content had not changed. DR1709 may be specific for Mn2+ and was not responsible for transporting Fe2+. Radiation resistance was controlled by multistep in D. radiodurans. Those genes whose expressions were different between the wild type and the DR1709-disrupted mutant were downstream of DR1709. These genes might also play some roles in radiation resistance, but such roles were much less than that played directly by DR1709.
Key words: Deinococcus radiodurans, DR1709, E. coli, Mn, radiation resistance.
Shu Haiyan, Tian Baoming*
Page: 1 - 10
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Antibacterial screening of the root, stem and leaf extracts of Terminalia albida sc. elliot on selected pathogenic bacteria
S. M. Ayodele1*, G. Alpheus2 and O. M. Iruaga2
1Department of Biological Sciences, Kogi State University, P. M. B. 1008 Anyigba, Kogi State Nigeria.
2Department of Microbiology, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
Accepted 8 June, 2016
Abstract
The ethanol extracts of the root, stem and leaves of Terminalia albida were evaluated for their antibacterial activities using agar diffusion method to justify the ethno botanical uses of the plant parts by the traditional healers in Nigeria. The ethanol extracts of the root, stem and leaves were effective against the test bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis) at all the concentrations used (100 l- 500 mg/ml) . The root extract at 500 mg/ml is most effective against E. coli and K. pneumoniae, the stem extract at 500 mg/ml was most effective against P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis while the leaves extract at 500 mg/ml was most effective against P. mirabilis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) test of the root, stem and leaves extracts showed that the test organisms were inhibited at all concentrations. The root extract showed more inhibitory effect than the stem and leaf extracts. The results of this study validated the use of various parts of this plant in traditional medicine in many parts of Africa.
Key words: Terminalia albida, antibacterial screening, root, stem, leaves.
G. Alpheus and O. M. Iruaga, S. M. Ayodele*
Page: 1 - 10
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
A taurine phenolic compound (TPC) protect from AAP hepatotoxicity through involvement of Nrf2/ARE pathway
Qiu Feng* and He Xiao-Jing
Department of Pharmacy, Sheng jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People’s Republic of China.
Accepted 16 June, 2016
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a main contributor to the hepatotoxic effects of acetaminophen, the Nrf2/ARE pathway has been characterized as an important endogenous mechanism for combating oxidative stress. Taurine plays various important roles in a large number of physiological and pathological conditions in human body, such as the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects. It proves that phenol compound has antioxidant effect through involvement of Nrf2/ARE pathway. The taurine phenolic compound (TPC) we synthesized belongs to phenolic compounds and we have reported that a TPC protect from AAP hepatotoxicity. We thus hypothesize the protective effects of TPC in an acute chemical model of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through involvement of Nrf2/ARE pathway.
Key words: TPC, AAp, hepatotoxicity, Nrf2/ARE and hypothesis.
Qiu Feng*, He Xiao-Jing
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Manipulation of fermentation conditions on production of Tannase from agricultural by-products with Aspergillus oryzae
R. Paranthaman1*, R. Vidyalakshmi1, S.Murugesh2 and K. Singaravadivel1
1Paddy Processing Research Centre, Thanjavur- 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Sastra University, Thanjavur - 613 402.Tamil Nadu, India.
Accepted 8 June, 2016
Abstract
Tannin acyl hydrolase is an industrially important enzyme that is mainly used in the food and pharmaceutical industry. As the range of applications of this enzyme is very wide, there is always a scope for novel Tannase with better characteristics, which may be suitable in the diverse fields of applications. The present work has been taken up with a view of exploring the possibilities of using agricultural by products as a source for the production of Tannase and optimizing conditions required to get maximum production. Aspergillus oryzae MTCC 634 was selected and optimized for Tannase enzyme production in solid state fermentation using cheaper sources of sugarcane baggase and rice straw. Tannase production has been evaluated using solid-state fermentation (SSF) at different temperatures, tannic acid, glucose concentration and substrate concentration and incubation time. Addition of tannic acid concentrations increased total activity of crude tannase (27.8 (U/gm/min). Optimum fermentation conditions of pH, temperature and incubation period for Tannase production were found to be 5.5 and 30°C at 72 h. In purification step, 60% ammonium sulphate fractionation 51.6 U/gm/min was found and maximum tannase activity of DEAE Sephadex colum chromatography purified sample was found to be 116.4 U/gm/min. Thus the present study proved that the fungal strain Aspergillus oryzae used is highly potential and useful for industrial productions of Tannase.
Key words: Tannase, tannic acid, fermentation, purification, rice straw powder and sugarcane baggase.
R. Vidyalakshmi, R. Paranthaman*, S.Murugesh and K. Singaravadivel
Page: 1 - 10