ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Survival of free-living and plankton-associated Escherichia coli in the final effluents of a waste water treatment facility in a peri-urban community of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
Augustina N. Osode and Anthony I. Okoh*
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice X1314, South Africa.
Accepted 9 June, 2016
Abstract
Escherichia coli remains a major threat in many places around the globe as a major causative agent of diarrhea and its reservoir in the estuarine environment may play an important role in the survival and transport of pathogenic strains. The final effluents of a peri-urban waste water treatment facility were assessed for surviving E. coli community as free-living or plankton-associated cells in relation to some physicochemical parameter for a year period. The free-living E. coli population densities varied from 0 to 3.13 × 101 cfu/ml, while the plankton- associated E. coli densities vary with plankton sizes as follows: 180 µm (0 - 4.30 × 101 cfu/ml), 60 µm (0 - 4.20 × 101 cfu/ml), 20 µm (0 - 5.00 × 101 cfu/ml). The seasonal variations in the E. coli densities among the plankton size categories were significant (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis suggested that the counts of E. coli correlated negatively with salinity (P < 0.001) and positively with temperature, pH, turbidity and dissolved oxygen (P < 0.001) in the final effluent. Target genes that encode pathogenicity for E. coli were successfully amplified by PCR. The study suggested that final effluents are a significant sources of pathogenic E. coli in the receiving watershed.
Key words: Escherichia coli, free-living, plankton-associated, wastewater final effluent.
Augustina N. Osode, Anthony I. Okoh*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative degradation of sawdust by microorganisms isolated from it
J. A. Lennox1*, C. Abriba1, Bello N. Alabi1 and F. C. Akubuenyi2
1Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biological Sciences, Cross River State, University of Science and Technology, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
Accepted 22 June, 2016
Abstract
Microorganisms isolated from sawdust have been demonstrated to be effective in its degradation. Eight bacteria and eight fungi were isolated from wet decaying sawdust. These were tested for their capability to degrade sawdust. Among the bacteria, C ellulomonas sp. was found to be the most effective degrading agent based on its high percentage degradation (18.3%). This was followed by Micrococcus sp. (16.0%) and Pseudomonas sp. (14.6%), Cytophaga sp. and Bacillus sp. had the lowest percentage degradation of 0.2 and 7.7%, respectively. The fungi, Penicillium sp. had the highest percentage degradation of 14.3%, followed by Mucor sp. (13.3%) and Trichoderma sp. (9.5%). Asp. ergillus sp. and Absidia sp. had the lowest percentage degradation of 4.3 and 6.5%, respectively. This report shows that indigenous microorganisms possess the capacity to degrade sawdust.
Key words: Degradation, sawdust, utilizing, autochthonous microorganisms.
Bello N. Alabi and F. C. Akubuenyi, C. Abriba, J. A. Lennox*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Impact of multi drugs resistant bacteria on the pathogenesis of chronic suppurative otitis media
Ihsan E. Alsaimary1*, Ahmed M. Alabbasi2 and Jassim M. Najim1
1Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah – Republic of Iraq.
2Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Basrah – Republic of Iraq.
Accepted 10 May, 2016
Abstract
One hundred twenty patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in Basrah, 65 (54.2%) males and 55 (45.8%) females, with male: females ratio (1.2:1) and 60 individual without otological problems as control group were included in this study, which done during the period between March 2009 and January 2010. This includes the collection of aural swab samples, culturing of samples, identification of causative agent’s species and antibiotic sensitivity. Gram’s negative bacteria were the commonest microorganism comprises (60%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was common causative agent (19.04%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%) and Klebsiella spp. (14.3%). Mixed infection was found in high percent (74%), in which P. aeruginosa and other microorganisms were more common. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed that P. aeruginosa was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin +clavulanic acid and gentamicin, while other is appeared resistant, S. aureus was sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, erthomycin, cephalexine and it is resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, klebsiella species were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin +clavulanic acid, gentamicin, while resistant to tetracycline.
Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., chronic suppurative otitis media, aural swab, antibiotic sensitivity, gram’s negative bacteria, otological.
Ahmed M. Alabbasi and Jassim M. Najim, Ihsan E. Alsaimary*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Poliomyelitis eradication remains a challenge in Africa
Georges Anicet Dahourou1,2* and Souleymane Sawadogo1,3
1Laboratoire de virologie, Centre Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
2Senior Laboratory advisor, National Reference Laboratory, Haiti.
3Technical Advisor, GAP/CDC, Namibia.
Accepted 2 March, 2017
Abstract
During the last two decade, twelve wild type 1 poliovirus genotypes have been characterized in Africa. Several distinct clusters have been identified within some of them and appeared to be segregated geographically. This distribution could represent newly emerging genotypes and independent sustained circulation of these lineages or cross border transmission between countries of a single genotype followed by a different natural evolution in each country. Concurrent circulation of more than one poliovirus genotype was seen in Nigeria, Togo, Central Africa Republic and South Africa. The present study which has generated a meaningful overview of the endemic circulation of wild type 1 poliovirus in Africa, could be a basis for further evaluation of the impact of mass vaccination campaigns on wild type 1 poliovirus.
Key words: Poliovirus; poliomyelitis, poliovirus, molecular epidemiology.
Georges Anicet Dahourou*, Souleymane Sawadogo
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Distribution of pathogen in the Bohai sea in spring and summer
Peng Zaiqing1*, Zhuang Zhixia2, Huang Rongfu2 and Lu Zhiqiang1
1National Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
2The Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences of MOE and Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
Accepted 2 June, 2016
Abstract
The aquicultural pathogen Vibrio spp. is popular and harmful to mariculture animals and even resulted in human enterogastrtis. However, little is known about the abundance and distribution of marine pathogen in Bohai Sea. In the present study, the distributions of the typical pathogens, including Escherichia Coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio harviyi, were investigated using protein micro array method from the Bohai Sea samples, which collected in spring and summer in 2005, respectively. The results showed that: (1) Temporally, the tested typical pathogens were more abundant in summer than in spring, as supported by the total pathogenic Vibrios averaged 3.05 × 104/L in spring while 2.48 × 105/L in summer; (2) Spatially, in summer, pathogenic Vibrios in Bohai Bay was 4.87, 10.52 and 7.15 times higher than that in Liaodong Bay, Laizhou Bay and Central Bohai Sea, respectively (p = 0.034, 0.013 and 0.012, respectively). (3) Total pathogenic Vibrios in coastal area was 4.68 times higher than that in central area (p = 0.0279 < 0.05), showing a decline trend in abundance. (4) All the pathogenic Vibrios varied between spring and summer, with greatest variance in V. fluvialis. Both V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi had no significant variances. Bohai Bay was heavily polluted and relatively not fit for mariculture. V. fluvialis dominated in Bohai Sea and was a possible major pathogen of vibriosis.
Key words: Bohai sea, protein micro array, pathogenic Vibrio.
Zhuang Zhixia, Peng Zaiqing*, Huang Rongfu and Lu Zhiqiang
Page: 1 - 10
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Genetic polymorphism at the leptin gene in Iranian Holstein cattle by PCR-RFLP
Ali Sharifzadeh1* and Abbas Doosti2
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
2Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
Accepted 18 May, 2016
Abstract
Leptin is a protein, which involved intricately in the growth and metabolism of animals and which plays an important role in the regulation of feed intake, energy metabolism, growth and reproduction of cattle. We used the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique to screen for DNA polymorphisms of the leptin gene in 112 Iranian Holstein cattle (Bos taurus) in Karaj Animal Breeding Center. PCR was carried out between exon 2 (intron 2). A strategy employing polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify a 422 bp from semen DNA. Digestion of polymerase chain reaction products with Sau3AI revealed two alleles: allele A was 390, 32 fragments and allele B was 303, 88 and 32 (only 303 fragment visible on the gel). Three patterns were observed and frequencies were 60.71, 37.5 and 1.79% for AA, AB and BB, respectively. This polymorphism could be further evaluated for marker-assisted selection and developed PCR methodology would expedite screening for large numbers of animals required for such studies.
Key words: Leptin, polymorphism, restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Abbas Doosti, Ali Sharifzadeh*
Page: 1 - 10