ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2016 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Creation of alternative energy by bio- ethanol production from pineapple waste and the usage of its properties for engine
A. B. M. S. Hossain* and A. R. Fazliny
Bioengineering laboratory, Programme of Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Accepted 15 April, 2015
Abstract
The world is facing problems of fossil fuels depletion. The problem of using fossil fuels can have an environmental impact due to the oxidation of CO2, SO2 and NOX emission. In order to overcome those problems, there is an alternative fuel that can replace fossil fuel such as bioethanol and biodiesel. Bioethanol can be derived from biomass with many different varieties of feedstocks such as corn, sugarcane, wood and fruits wastes that are renewable and sustainable resources, which are easily accessible and reliable and can help to clean the environment from the wastes. The experiment was conducted to prove that, bioethanol can be produced from rotten pineapples waste through the biochemical reaction called fermentation by commercial yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae which is suitable for running petrol engine. The influencing parameters that affect the production of bioethanol from pineapples wastes were optimized. The effects of pH, temperatures, fermentation period, substrate concentration with and without water, components of pineapples from rotten and fresh ones were investigated. From the results, the optimal yield of bioethanol in the parameters such as pH, temperatures, fermentation period, substrate concentrations was found to be 8.7% having pH 4 at 30°C using 3 g/l. The result for viscosity was found under American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standard in different concentration of yeast. The anhydrous ethanol was analyzed and it was found that, there was no dangerous element in it’s acceptability as a transportation fuel based on ASTM standard. The elements that were mostly contained in the samples of ethanol production from pineapples wastes were Fe, Cu, Sn, Mn, Ag, Mo, Zn, P, Ca, Mg, Si, Na, B and V, but there was no significant difference among all elements.
Key word: Bioethanol, waste pineapple, yeast, temperature, viscosity.
A. R. Fazliny, A. B. M. S. Hossain*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2016 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Emulsifying bacteria in produce water from Niger-Delta, Nigeria
S. A. Balogun1* and O. E. Fagade2
1Environmental Microbiology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, P. M. B. 001 Akungba-
Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.
2Environmental and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Accepted 15 March, 2016
Abstract
The study reports the diversity of emulsifying bacteria in produce water obtained from Bonny Oil Terminal, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Physico–chemical analysis of produce water showed a high chloride ion content of 650.0 mg/L. Total aerobic mesophilic bacterial count was 8.6 x 106 CFU/mL while the oil utilizing bacterial count was 1.32 x 106 CFU/mL. The predominant bacteria genera were Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia and Klebsiella. The ratio of the surface active agent producers in the mesophilic bacteria was 0.34%, while 2.2% was recorded among the oil utilizing bacteria. The highest emulsification and de-emulsification indices of 65 and 50% recorded respectively were for Pseudomonas mallei. The result obtained was discussed in relation to the use of the emulsifying bacteria in microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) in the Niger Delta, Nigeria.
Key words: Emulsifying bacteria, emulsification-index, surface-active agents, biosurfactants, MEOR, crude oil, Niger-Delta.
O. E. Fagade, S. A. Balogun*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2016 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A survey on epidemiology of urinary tract infections and resistance pattern of uropathogens in an Iranian 1000-bed tertiary care hospital
Ava Behrooozi1, Mohammad Rahbar 2* and Jalil Vand Yousefi1
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Karaj Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
2Department of Microbiology, Iranian Reference Health Laboratory, Tehran Iran.
Accepted 18 March, 2015
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infectious diseases diagnosed in communities and hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to determine frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogens in Milad hospital of Tehran, Iran. In a prospective study from March to June 2009, a total of 11308 urine sample from patients admitted in Milad hospital of Tehran were analyzed. All specimens were inoculated on routine culture media. Bacterial isolates were identified by conventional bacteriological methods. Susceptibility testing was performed by standard methods as recommended by clinical laboratory standard institute. 11308 urine samples were cultured and 1020 pathogen were isolated. Escherchia coli with 620 (60.78%) isolates was the most common causative agent of UTI followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae with 115 (11.27%) isolates. Among gram positive Cocci Enterococcus spp with 110 (10.78%) isolates and Staphylococcus aureus with 81 (7.94%) isolates were predominant organisms. Of 1020 patients, 227 (22.25%) were male and 793 (77.74%) were female. Of 1020 patients, 224 (21.96%) of patients were hospitalized and 796 (78.03%) were outpatients. Of 224 hospitalized patients, 85% of isolates of E. coli were resistant to ampicillin, while this figure was 90% for K. pneumoniae. Resistant to other antibiotics were also prevalent. Nitrofurantoin was the most effective antibiotics against E. coli and Enterococcus spp. In conclusion, our study revealed that bacterial resistance in uropathogens in our hospital continues to be a great problem and needs drug resistance surveillance periodically.
Key words: Urinary tract infections, drug resistance.
Mohammad Rahbar* and Jalil Vand Yousefi, Ava Behrooozi
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2016 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Mitochondrion activity and dispersal of Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus oryzae
Desmond M. Ncango1, Chantel W. Swart1, Carolina H. Pohl1, Pieter W. J. Van Wyk2 and Johan L. F. Kock1*
1UNESCO MIRCEN, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa.
2Centre for Microscopy, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa.
Accepted 23 March, 2016
Abstract
We investigated the effects of anti-inflammatory and anti-mitochondrial compounds on spore dispersal in the pathogens, Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus oryzae. When acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and other non steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were added to bio-assays of A. fumigatus and R. oryzae, spore-releasing structures were targeted first at lower concentrations. Similar results were obtained when oxygen was limited. These spore-releasing structures contained increased levels of mitochondrion activity compared to hyphae. We concluded that increased mitochondrion activity is necessary for dispersal of A. fumigatus and R. oryzae.
Key words: Aspergillus fumigatus, bio-assay, mitochondrion activity, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Rhizopus oryzae, spore-releasing structure.
Chantel W. Swart, Desmond M. Ncango, Carolina H. Pohl, Pieter W. J. Van Wyk and Johan L. F. Kock*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2016 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and molecular characterization of phosphate solubilizing Enterobacter and Exiguobacterium species from paddy fields of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Arvind Kumar, Poonam Bhargava and Lal Chand Rai*
Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Algal Biology, Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
Accepted 15 April, 2015
Abstract
Six phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were isolated from paddy fields of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India harboring low available phosphorus. Taxonomic delineation employing morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA gene sequences and phylogenetic affiliations suggests that they are members of Enterobacter and Exiguobacterium genera. Of the six isolates, Enterobacter sp. LCR1 and LCR2 exhibited high level (568 - 642 g/ml) of phosphate solubilization in NBRIP liquid medium. Exiguobacterium sp. LCR4 and LCR5 showed increased phosphate solubilization efficiency under alkaline pH while Enterobacter sp. LCR3 remained unaffected. At high salt and temperature, Enterobacter sp. LCR1 and LCR2 produced 1.6 fold soluble phosphorus in comparison with earlier studies. Thus, these isolates may be useful for the development of potential bio-inoculants for soils having alkaline pH, high salt, temperature and insoluble phosphorus.
Key words: Phosphate solubilizing bacteria, phylogenetic analysis, Enterobacter spp., Exiguobacterium spp., 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Arvind Kumar, Poonam Bhargava and Lal Chand Rai*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2016 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Screening, identification and statistic optimization of a novel exopolysaccharide producing Lactobacillus paracasei HCT
Rihua Xu, Shimin Ma, Yang Wang, Lisha Liu and Pinglan Li*
Key Laboratory of Fuctional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Accepted 15 March, 2015
Abstract
The exopolysaccharides (EPS) producing ability was evaluated by phenol -sulphuric acid method and the Lactobacillus HCT was the highest yield EPS-producing strain, which was isolated from feces of Bama centenarian in Guangxi of China. It was identified as Lactobacillus paracasei HCT with carbohydrate assimilation profiling and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. L. paracasei HCT was found to be a novel EPS producing strain. Preliminary one factor tests were employed to obtain the favorable conditions for EPS yield and microorganism growth in a chemically defined medium and found that carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio), cultivation time and temperature had the most significant influences. Box–Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) were adopted to further study the interactive effects of these three variables on EPS yield and cells growth. The optimal culture conditions for EPS production were: C/N ratio 9.090, cultivation time 60.67 h and temperature 29.2°C. In these conditions, the maximum EPS yield was 39.0736 mg/ml which was 4 times more than the original yield. But the optimal conditions for cell growth were: C/N ratio 8.643, 58.75 h and 31.9°C, logarithm value of viable cell count reached 7.921. These predicted values were also verified by validation experiments.
Key words: Lactobacillus paracasei, exopolysaccharides, chemically defined medium, Box-Behnken design.
Yang Wang, Rihua Xu, Shimin Ma, Lisha Liu and Pinglan Li*
Page: 1 - 10