ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-010, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A simplified mathematical model of multi-species biofilm for simultaneous removal of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitric oxide (NO) using a biotrickling-filter
Yaqiong Han, Weijiang Zhang* and Jiao Xu
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
The population dynamics of a multi-species biofilm for simultaneous removal of nitric oxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in a laboratory-scale biotrickling-filter was described. Based on a simplified multispecies-multisubstrate model with the gas-liquid-biomembrane transfer theory, the calculations were compared to the long-term verification experiments. Simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental values of biofilm thickness, population densities of biofilm, total biomass dry weight and partial pressures of NO and SO2 in the outlet gas. The model has been proven to be capable of describing the dynamic biofilm growth, multiple biomass evolution and synergetic effect between sulfate reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria on simultaneous removal of NO and SO2. When NO feed concentration was constant at 1780 mg/m3 and SO 2 feed concentration was shifted between 0 and 3200 mg/m3 every half hour, the removal efficiencies of NO and SO2 at steady-state were above 90 and 95%, both in the simulation and experiment.
Key words: Population dynamics, multispecies-multisubstrate, gas-liquid-biomembrane transfer, biotrickling-filter, simultaneous SO2 and NO removal.
Weijiang Zhang* and Jiao Xu, Yaqiong Han
Research Article
Interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MPB64 protein with heat shock protein 40
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MPB64 protein with heat shock protein 40
Lei Chen*, Xiaowei He, Xihong Zhao and Jianyu Su
Department of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, 510642, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
Accepted 29 December, 2018
Abstract
The MPB64 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is an important structural and functional protein, which has been known to be involved in the virulence, pathogenesis as well as proliferation of the pathogen, however, how MPB64 protein interaction with host protein is still unclear. To identify cellular proteins that interact with the MPB64 protein and to elucidate the possible involvement of MPB64 protein in M.tb pathogenesis, a human lung cDNA library was screened using a yeast two- hybrid system assay. HSP40, a molecular chaperone facilitating protein the folding and assembly, was found to interact specifically with the MPB64 protein. The interaction between MPB64 and HSP40 was verified by colocalization experiment and coimmunoprecipitation of HeLa cell lysates expressing both proteins. The mapping studies localized the critical MPB64 sequences for this interaction to amino acid 171-206. Based on these results, we speculate that HSP40 is a functional target of M. tuberculosis MPB64 protein in cells. This is the first report demonstrating the interaction of HSP40 with a structural protein of M. tuberculosis, indicating a new drug target for M.tb.
Key words: MPB64 protein, HSP40 protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, protein-protein interaction.
Xiaowei He, Xihong Zhao and Jianyu Su, Lei Chen*
Research Article
Screening of Pogostemon parviflorus Benth. for anti-Candida activity
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Screening of Pogostemon parviflorus Benth. for anti-Candida activity
Shahla Najafi1 and Batool Sadeghi-Nejad2*
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
2Department of Mycoparasitology, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Accepted 04 January, 20119
Abstract
Pogostemon parviflorus, an aromatic woody herbaceous plant, is found in high rainfall localities. The medicinal properties of this plant show that leaves are used for anxiety, cellulite, depression, eczema and wounds. Also, they are used for thrush, mycotic enteritis and vaginitis. The aim of the present study is to assay the anti-Candida activity of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Pogostemon parviflorus leaf against opportunistic mycosis causing phatogenic fungi, such as Candida albicans (5), Candida glabrata (2), Candida tropicalis (2) and Candida dubliensis (1), by agar well diffusion method. Antifungal activity of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Pogostemon parviflorus leaf was characterized by ranges of inhibition zones from 8 to 15 mm and 8 to 20 mm, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by ranges of 2.5 to 20 mg ml−1 and 2.5 to 10 mg ml−1, respectively. The ethanolic extract of tested plant has more anti-Candida effect at 5.7 mg ml−1 when compared to the methanolic extract at 6.6 mg ml−1. The results prove Pogostemon parviflorus leaf as a potent source of natural anti-Candida compounds.
Key words: Anti-Candida activity, Pogostemon parviflorus.
Batool Sadeghi-Nejad*, Shahla Najafi
Research Article
Preservation methods of fungi in 35 years old stock culture storages: A comparative study
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Preservation methods of fungi in 35 years old stock culture storages: A comparative study
Roseli Santos Freitas1*, Kátia Cristina Dantas1, Cristiane Neves Pereira1, José Eduardo Levi2 and José Eduardo Costa Martins1
1Laboratório de Micologia Médica; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brasil.
2Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brasil.
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
The maintenance of fungi isolates and the development of methodologies were available from their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Alterations of Histoplasma capsulatum and Candida spp. Strains preserved by continuous subculturing on fungal collection and by lyophilization for 35 years were evaluated. Candida isolates maintained by lyophilized methodology were viable and preserved by the typical characteristics of each species. Only one lyophilized isolate from H. capsulatum was viable and demonstrated typical morphology. Both genus, which were preserved by continuous subculturing, revealed morphologic alterations and lost their sporulation capacity. The DNA from these isolates was sequenced (conserved 28S rDNA) in order to confirm their identity. Random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD)-based comparative analysis of the two preservation methods revealed alterations in the band profiles in 28 and 33% in Candida spp. and Histoplasma capsulatum strains respectively. The RAPD-based results confirm that the subculturing method alters phenotypic and genotypic characteristics by deleting or inserting nucleotides. Otherwise, the lyophilization was effective to yeasts, but it was not effective for dimorphic fungi.
Key words: Polymorphism, genotypic characteristics, lyophilization, random amplified polymorphism DNA.
Roseli Santos Freitas*, Cristiane Neves Pereira, Kátia Cristina Dantas, José Eduardo Levi and José Eduardo Costa Martins
Research Article
Antimicrobial activities of the whole plant of Cestrum nocturnum against pathogenic microorganisms
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antimicrobial activities of the whole plant of Cestrum nocturnum against pathogenic microorganisms
Murad Ali Khan1*, Humaira Inayat2,3, Haroon Khan4,5, Mohammmad Saeed4, Ikhtair Khan3 and Inayat-Ur-Rahman2
1Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
2Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Jamrud Road, Peshawar, Pakistan.
3Department of Chemistry University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
4Department of Pharmacy University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
5Gandhara College o f Pharmacy, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Accepted 22 January, 2019
Abstract
The crude methanol extract of the whole plant of Cestrum nocturnum L. (Solanaceae) and its subsequent fractions were tested against various bacterial and fungal strains. With the exception of Salmonella typhi, the tested samples showed marked antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aurous, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexenari. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 19 to 280 µg/ml. The crude extract and fractions were also susceptible to Candida species and Microsporium canis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for various fungi ranged from 170 to 290 µg/ml. In phytochemical analysis, the crude form and fractions of plant showed the presence of various phytochemical chemical groups like glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, sterols and tannins. Therefore, the current findings can be attributed to these groups.
Key words: Cestrum nocturnum L., antibacterial, antifungal, phytochemicals.
Haroon Khan, Ikhtair Khan and Inayat-Ur-Rahman, Humaira Inayat, Mohammmad Saeed, Murad Ali Khan*
Research Article
Genetic analysis of Karakul sheep breed using microsatellite markers
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Genetic analysis of Karakul sheep breed using microsatellite markers
Shahram Nanekarani1*, Cyrus Amirinia2 and Nour Amirmozafari3
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Broujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Broujerd, Iran.
2Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran.
3Department of Molecular Biology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 01 January, 2019
Abstract
In this study, the genetic variation in Karakul sheep was investigated using 15 microsatellite markers (MCMA2, BMS460, BM1815, OARCP26, OARFCB20, MAF64, OARAE129, BMS332, LSCV38, BM6444, BMS995, MCMA26, BMS678 and OARCP49) and all fifteen loci were amplified successfully. Genomic DNA was extracted from 120 blood samples, using modified salting-out method. Tests of genotype frequencies for deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were performed at each locus and revealed significant departure from HWE (P < 0.001) due to heterozygote excess. Parameters of variability such as effective number of alleles and gene diversities corroborated with the high level of variation frequently displayed by microsatellite markers. The fifteen tested loci were all polymorphic. Furthermore, other criteria of genetic variation including polymorphism information content (PIC) values and Shanon information index were calculated in this study. Results showed that, high level of genetic diversity was observed in Karakul breed and this breed was not at risk for conservation concept. This research has also shown that microsatellite technique is a useful tool for evaluation of genetic variation among domesticated animals.
Key words: Karakul sheep, microsatellite markers, genetic variation, polymorphism. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE).
Cyrus Amirinia and Nour Amirmozafari, Shahram Nanekarani*