ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Sensitive and specific detection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in soil using a rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Wei Yang1,2, Lei Ji3, Li-Rong Tan2, Shi-Mo Li1, Yan Wang3, Hong-Xia Liu2*, and Yu-Ming Luo1*
1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Teacher’s College, No. 111, Changjiang West, Huai’an, 223001, Jiangsu Province, China.
2Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
3Shanghai Forestry Station, Shanghai, 200072, China.
Accepted 13 January, 2019
Abstract
One pair of primers was designed based on the sequence of tmr locus for specific and sensitive detection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Only the A. tumefaciens strain can produce the 236bp target fragment among the fourteen bacterial species that tested. The sensitivity of the specific PCR system was determined by a nested-PCR amplification which can numbered the copies of the template DNA. According to the results, it can give positive band when only 100 copies were in the template. The protocol was carried out for detection A. tumefaciens of twelve soil samples collected from six different gardens in Shanghai where crown gall happened. Two of the samples which collected from symptomless gardens also give the positive band. Based on the results we can make a conclusion that this pair of primers can be a useful tool in detecting A. tumefaciens, especially in detecting latent infection of this devastating pathogen.
Key words: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, detection, polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
and Yu-Ming Luo*, Li-Rong Tan, Wei Yang, Shi-Mo Li, Lei Ji, Hong-Xia Liu*, Yan Wang
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) for a novel antibiotic
Chen Xiaoxi
Basic Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Binjiang District, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, postcode: 310053, People Replublic of China. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 0086-0571-86613774.
Accepted 05 January, 2019
Abstract
A novel antibiotic had a wide range of antibacterial spectrum. It was very stable to heat and to acid and alkali. In addition, the effects of storage on the antibiotic had not been observed even after it had been placed in a 37°C thermostat for up to four weeks. The MICs for the antibiotic against eleven strains of bacteria had been determined. Also, the determinations of the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) against four bacteria were conducted. The antibiotic-producer (Bacillus subtilis) was no better in tolerating its own antibiotic than all the non BS-producers tested.
Key words: Antibiotic, stability, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs).
Chen Xiaoxi
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Screening of Pogostemon parviflorus Benth. for anti-Candida activity
Shahla Najafi1 and Batool Sadeghi-Nejad2*
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
2Department of Mycoparasitology, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Accepted 04 January, 20119
Abstract
Pogostemon parviflorus, an aromatic woody herbaceous plant, is found in high rainfall localities. The medicinal properties of this plant show that leaves are used for anxiety, cellulite, depression, eczema and wounds. Also, they are used for thrush, mycotic enteritis and vaginitis. The aim of the present study is to assay the anti-Candida activity of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Pogostemon parviflorus leaf against opportunistic mycosis causing phatogenic fungi, such as Candida albicans (5), Candida glabrata (2), Candida tropicalis (2) and Candida dubliensis (1), by agar well diffusion method. Antifungal activity of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Pogostemon parviflorus leaf was characterized by ranges of inhibition zones from 8 to 15 mm and 8 to 20 mm, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by ranges of 2.5 to 20 mg ml−1 and 2.5 to 10 mg ml−1, respectively. The ethanolic extract of tested plant has more anti-Candida effect at 5.7 mg ml−1 when compared to the methanolic extract at 6.6 mg ml−1. The results prove Pogostemon parviflorus leaf as a potent source of natural anti-Candida compounds.
Key words: Anti-Candida activity, Pogostemon parviflorus.
Batool Sadeghi-Nejad*, Shahla Najafi
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibacterial effects of Oradex, Gengigel and Salviathymol-n mouthwash on dental biofilm bacteria
F. H. AL-Bayaty1*, T. B. Taiyeb-Ali2, M. A. Abdulla3 and Z. B. Mahmud3
1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University Teknologi Mara 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
2Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya.
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya.
Accepted 01 January, 2019
Abstract
Three mouthwashes Gengigel, Oradex and Salviathymol N, were tested using experimental microorganisms included Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus constellatus, Eikenella corrodens and dental plaque. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used as internal controls. Antibacterial activity was done by diffusion test. Minimum inhibitory concentration test and assessment of bacterial morphology was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that Oradex had a higher antibacterial effect, followed by Salviathymol N; Gengigel mouthwash have weak antibacterial effects against tested microorganisms and dental plaque. SEM observations demonstrated that chlorhexidine exhibited obvious changes in that most of the bacteria loss their original shape and became irregular. The cell also shrunk, became reduced in size. Salviathymol N showed some significant changes while Gengigel failed to exhibited changes on the bacterial morphology of the tested microorganisms. In conclusion Oradex and Salviathymol N can be used as antibacterial mouthwash for chemical plaque control. Gengigel demonstrated weak antibacterial effects which could not be recommended as anti-dental plaque agent.
Key words: Gengigel, Oradex, Salviathymol N, Dental biofilm.
T. B. Taiyeb-Ali, M. A. Abdulla and Z. B. Mahmud, F. H. AL-Bayaty*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-010, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A simplified mathematical model of multi-species biofilm for simultaneous removal of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitric oxide (NO) using a biotrickling-filter
Yaqiong Han, Weijiang Zhang* and Jiao Xu
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
The population dynamics of a multi-species biofilm for simultaneous removal of nitric oxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in a laboratory-scale biotrickling-filter was described. Based on a simplified multispecies-multisubstrate model with the gas-liquid-biomembrane transfer theory, the calculations were compared to the long-term verification experiments. Simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental values of biofilm thickness, population densities of biofilm, total biomass dry weight and partial pressures of NO and SO2 in the outlet gas. The model has been proven to be capable of describing the dynamic biofilm growth, multiple biomass evolution and synergetic effect between sulfate reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria on simultaneous removal of NO and SO2. When NO feed concentration was constant at 1780 mg/m3 and SO 2 feed concentration was shifted between 0 and 3200 mg/m3 every half hour, the removal efficiencies of NO and SO2 at steady-state were above 90 and 95%, both in the simulation and experiment.
Key words: Population dynamics, multispecies-multisubstrate, gas-liquid-biomembrane transfer, biotrickling-filter, simultaneous SO2 and NO removal.
Weijiang Zhang* and Jiao Xu, Yaqiong Han
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antimicrobial screening of selected medicinal plants in Tamilnadu, India
C. Alagesaboopathi
Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem - 636 007, Tamilnadu, India. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
The present study deals with the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous, acetone and petroleum ether extracts of the leaves, stem and root of Andrographis ovata Clarke, Aristolochia indica L., Eclipta prostrata L. and Gloriosa superba L., using agar diffusion method against human pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Psudeomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In the present investigation, all the extracts were found to be effective against four human bacterial species, E. coli, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae, sensitive to all the plant extracts. The study suggests that the extract of the plant parts possesses potential broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of acetone extracts was found to be higher than that of distilled water extracts. However, the root extract showed more inhibitory effect than the stem and leaf extracts.
Key words: Medicinal plants, antimicrobial activity, plant extracts, growth inhibition, disc diffusion method.
C. Alagesaboopathi
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