ISSN 2736-1756
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2011
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2011 International Scholars Journals
Review
Yeasts in marine and estuarine environments
Kathiresan Kandasamy*, Nabeel M. Alikunhi and Manivannan Subramanian
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University,
Parangipettai: 608502, Tamil Nadu, India.
Accepted 14 July, 2011
Abstract
Yeasts and other fungi are prevalent in marine and estuarine ecosystems where they play an important role in the food web. Marine yeasts are unique in performing fermentations under high salt concentrations. The mechanism underlying the high salt tolerance involves the ability to accumulate high concentrations of sodium without becoming intoxicated, and the exclusion of excessive sodium from the cytoplasm. Overall, the yeasts play major roles in fermentation, enzyme technology, pollution control, micro sensors, and in some medicinal and medical applications.
Key words: Marine yeast, deep sea, estuarine, mangrove, association.
Nabeel M. Alikunhi and Manivannan Subramanian, Kathiresan Kandasamy*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2011
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2011 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antimicrobial activity and physicochemical properties of oils from tropical macrofungi
David, O. M.1*, Fagbohun, E. D.1, Oluyege, A. O.1 and Adegbuyi, A.2
1Dapartment of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
2Department of Pharmacy, University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Accepted 13 July, 2011
Abstract
Nutriceutics potential and physicochemical properties of the oil extract from five species of macrofungi which include Ganoderma lucidium, Pleurotus tuberregium, Termytomyces robustus, Schizophyllum commune and Trametes versicolor were investigated using standard chemical and microbiological methods. The oil was extracted using Soxhlet method of extraction. Disc diffusion and agar dilution methods were used to test for the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the samples respectively. The extracted oils were tested against five clinical bacterial isolates: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Serratia marcescens, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. The susceptibility of three fungi genera to the oil samples was also tested. The potency of the extracts oils was determined at different concentrations. All the oils extracted from the mushroom were liquid at room temperature. The acid values of the oils ranged between 0.9 and 6.7 mg KOH/g in T. robustus and T. versicolor respectively. The high iodine values ranged between 39.8 in T. versicolor and 127.0 mg I2/100 g. The saponification value was above 100 mg KOH/g except T. robustus. The aromabiogram of the oils from the mushroom had a pronounced effect on the Gram negative bacteria. Oil from S. commune has the least inhibitory effect on the bacteria. The antifungal assay of P. tuberregium was most effective against Aspergillus parasiticus, followed by that of G. lucidium. The least effective was oil from T. versicolor. The performance of oil from G. lucidium was the best out of all the samples. The inhibitory activities of the oils were concentration dependent. The oils tested were good sources of antimicrobials.
Key words: Mushroom, oil, nutriceutics, antimicrobial, pathogens, macrofungi.
A. O and Adegbuyi, E. D, A , Fagbohun , Oluyege , David , O. M.*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2011
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2011 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Gasteroid mycobiota of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: Boletales
Vagner G. Cortez1* , Iuri G. Baseia2 and Rosa Mara B. Silveira3
1Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Pioneiro 2153, Jardim Dallas, CEP 85950-000, Palotina, PR, Brazil.
2Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
3Departamento de Botânica, Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, e Zoologia, CEP 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Accepted 28 March, 2011
Abstract
Boletales is an order of the subclass Phallomycetidae, which comprises of a wide variety of morphological types of macrofungi, including the boletes and earthballs. In this paper, the gasteroid members of the Boletales from Rio Grande do Sul State, in southern Brazil, were revised. Specimens were collected during the years 2006 to 2009, analyzed macro and microscopically and the collections are preserved at the herbarium ICN. The following taxa were recorded: Rhizopogon roseolus (Rhizopogonaceae), Calostoma zanchianum, Pisolithus arhizus, Scleroderma albidum, Scleroderma bovista, Scleroderma citrinum, Scleroderma dictyosporum, Scleroderma fuscum, Scleroderma laeve and Scleroderma verrucosum (Sclerodermataceae). Scleroderma dictyosporum and S. laeve are reported for the first time from Brazil. A key for the identification of the species of Scleroderma is provided and colour photographs and line drawings of the basidiospores are presented for all taxa studied.
Key words: Basidiomycota, calostomataceae, ectomycorrhizal fungi, Eucalyptus, Pinus, pisolithaceae, taxonomy.
Iuri G. Baseia and Rosa Mara B. Silveira, Vagner G. Cortez*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2011
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2011 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Survey of Spilocaea oleagina, causal agent of olive leaf spot, in North of Iran
S. J. Sanei* and S. E. Razavi
University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan P. O. Box 386, Beheshti St, Gorgan, Iran.
Accepted 22 March, 2011
Abstract
Olive leaf spot or peacock spot, caused by the fungal pathogen Spilocaea oleagina, can cause reduced growth and yield in olive trees (Olea eurapaea). Investigations were carried out during 2007-2010 to measure the prevalence and severity of olive leaf spot in the northern olive growing regions of Iran. The susceptibility of ten cultivars (Amygdalifolia, Blaidy, Koronakei, Mary, Manzanillo, Mission, Rooghany, Valatolina, Wild olive, Zard) to the disease was assessed. Olive scab was found in all study areas and with the worst affected in high relative humidity (Y= -21.058 + 0.794X, p<0.001 r=0.952, Y= disease percent and X= Annual rainfall Mean monthly) and appeared to be particularly severe on trees that were growing in sheltered parts of an olive grove. Severity increased with age and a correlation between prevalence and severity was found. Native olive (Rooghany, Zard and Mary) and Manzanilla were the worst affected cultivars while Valatolina and Wild olive were least affected. The rate of conidial germ tube elongation on leaves affected by temperature and olive cultivars.
Key words: Peacock spot, Spilocaea oleagina, disease prevalence, disease severity, Iran.
S. E. Razavi, S. J. Sanei*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2011
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2011 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Sensory assessment of sorghum brew adjunct and barley brew lager beer
Olu Malomo*, Ogunmoyela O. A. B., Oluwajoba S. O., Adigun M. O. and Daniel ‘Toyosi
College of Food Science, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Accepted 19 June, 2011
Abstract
The type and strain of yeast used in fermentation has a great influence on the taste and character of beer produced. Apart from brewing, sorghum has been used extensively in food industries. The essence of this study is to investigate the behavior of yeast in a sorghum/barley brew and also to investigate the sensory acceptability of such a combination. The study showed that the assessors were unable to detect if there were differences below a 40/60 blend, sorghum and barley mix respectively, beyond which all the organoleptic parameters presented became objectionable.
Key words: Organoleptic, fermentation, assessors, brewing, sorghum, barley.
Oluwajoba S. O., Adigun M. O. and Daniel ‘Toyosi, Olu Malomo*, Ogunmoyela O. A. B.
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2011
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2011 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Anti-mycobacterium activity from culture filtrates obtained from the dematiaceous fungus C10
João V. B. de Souza*, Alita M. Lima, Eveleise S. de J. Martins, Julia I. Salem
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
Accepted 13 April, 2011
Abstract
The aim of this work was to increase the concentration of substances with anti-mycobacterium activity in culture filtrates obtained from the dematiaceous fungus C10. An experimental design was employed to study the effect of glucose, potato infusion and Senna reticulata infusion. The anti-mycobacterium activity was determined by evaluating the growth of bacteria in culture medium containing “culture filtrate” (the products of the submerged fermentation of the fungus). It was observed that the concentrations of glucose 30 g/L, potato infusion 50% v/v and S. reticulata infusion 0% v/v (a better result was obtained not using S. reticulata infusion) were the best conditions for metabolites production. The influence of each variable was determined and it was possible to produce a mathematical model and a surface response to demonstrate the influence of the studied variables. In conclusion, we note that the culture medium had a great importance in the production of culture filtrate with anti-mycobacterial activity and that the experimental design showed to be a functional statistical tool for studying the influence of culture medium composition.
Key words: Culture medium, Senna reticulata, endophytic fungi, experimental design.
Julia I. Salem, João V. B. de Souza*, Eveleise S. de J. Martins, Alita M. Lima
Page: 1 - 10