ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Production of glycolipids with antimicrobial activity by Ustilago maydis FBD12 in submerged culture
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-012, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Production of glycolipids with antimicrobial activity by Ustilago maydis FBD12 in submerged culture
Cortes-Sánchez Alejandro, Hernández-Sánchez Humberto and Jaramillo-Flores María*
Graduados e Investigación en Alimentos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, CP 11340, México, DF, México.
Accepted 15 February, 2019
Abstract
Ustilago maydis FBD12 is a phytopathogenic fungus that grows in submerged environments and produces different metabolites, such as glycolipids (biosurfanctants), cyclic peptides, tryptophan derivatives, and enzymes. Biosurfactants are molecules with a high surface activity, as well as emulsifying properties. They are secondary metabolites whose main physiological role is to support the growth of microorganisms in water-immiscible substrates, through the reduction of the superficial tension of the interface. In the present study, the production of glycolipids by U. maydis FBD12 was investigated during its growth in fish and soy oils. The highest growth was observed at the 7th day of incubation with 16.8 and 7.25 g/L of biomass in fish and soy oils, respectively. An amount of 18.3 mg/100mL of glycolipid extract was obtained for fish oil, with an antioxidant capacity of 350 µMol ET/mL and a reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) towards S. aureus and S. Typhimurium of 25%. MIC decreased in 75% for Staphylococcus aureus when lipase was added to the fish oil culture medium. For soy oil, 9.6 mg/100mL of glycolipids were obtained with an antioxidant capacity of 232.5 µMol ET/mL and a MIC reduction of 25% in soy oil, which decreased 50% with the addition of lipase.
Key words: Antimicrobials, biosurfactants, lipase, reductors sugars, secondary metabolites, Ustilago.
Cortes-Sánchez Alejandro, Hernández-Sánchez Humberto and Jaramillo-Flores MarÃa*
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Study on differential display gene expression of Eimeria tenella multiple resistance strain isolated from Tangshan in chicken
Zhang Yanying, Zhang xiangzhai, Jia Qinghui, Li Yunyu, Li Peiguo*, Zhang Wenxiang and Chen Juan
Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hebei Province,
Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004 China.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
Total RNA of Eimeria tenella drug-resistant strain from Tangshan was extracted with Trizol. Differential-display reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) was established by 3 anchored primers and 20 arbitrary primers. The products of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were analyzed on the denaturing polyacrylamide gels by silver-straining. Ten differential bands were excised from the gels and reampilfied with the same sets of primers. The products were purified and ligated with PMDTM18-T Vector, and then the dot-blot hybridization, sequence analysis and homology comparison. The results showed that through comparison of the nucleotide acid sequence, the similarity was 99% among the sequence S116 from mRNA of Tangshan multiple-resistant strain with the sequence 882 bp lengths in the first chromosome of E.tenella in Genebank and Sanger, which was an unknown protein. This study paved the way for cloning the full-length cDNAs (Complementary Deoxyribonucleic acid) and finding the molecular mechanism about the drug-resistance of E.tenella.
Key words: Chicken, Eimeria tenella, mRNA differential display polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing polyacrylamide gel, gene cloning.
Zhang xiangzhai, Zhang Wenxiang and Chen Juan, Jia Qinghui, Li Peiguo*, Zhang Yanying, Li Yunyu
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Rapid detection of Salmonella enterica in food of animal origins collected from Riyadh, King Saudi Arabia
Moussa I. M.1, Ashgan M. H.2, Mahmoud M. H.3 and Al-Doss A. A.4
1Center of Excellence in Biotechnology, King Saud University, P. O. 2460 Riyadh, King Saudi Arabia.
2College of Applied Studies and Community Service, King Saud University, King Saudi Arabia.
3Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, King Saudi Arabia.
4College of Food and Agriculture Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, King Saudi Arabia.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
The present study is aimed to investigate Salmonella species in food of animal origin collected from Riyadh, King Saudi Arabia (KSA) using conventional methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), targeting fimA gene specific for members of genus Salmonella. Salmonella isolation revealed 20 Salmonella serovars (8%) out of 250 examined samples. Nine strains (6, 92%) were recovered from 130 examined minced meats and 5 Salmonella strains (8.33%) were recovered from 60 local frozen chickens. Moreover, 6 Salmonella strains (10%) were isolated from 60 examined local chicken cuts. PCR using selective broth culture, Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) was used for the detection of different Salmonella species, targeting the fimA gene. All samples revealed positive results with bacteriological examination were positive by PCR -RV, and amplification of 120 bp fragments specific for fimA gene were observed, in addition, to 4 samples (1.6%) previously identified as negative samples with bacteriological examination were positive with PCR using the two primer pairs. The results revealed that the PCR-RV using primers specific for fimA gene could detect more positive samples of Salmonella species than conventional methods for rapid detection of food borne pathogens.
Key words: Salmonella species, fimA gene, polymerase chain reaction- Rappaport-Vassiliadis (PCR-RV), frozen chickens, minced meats.
Mahmoud M. H and Al-Doss A. A, Ashgan M. H, Moussa I. M
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Laboratory analysis of a fatal meningococcal case due to serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis belonging to ST-4821 complex
Zengguo Wang*, Tiejun Hou, Zhijun Chen, Jinsong Li, Shouzhi Wu, Xiaoguang Wei, Yahui Sun and Quanli Du
Xi’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 599 Xi Ying Road, Xi’an, 710054, PR China.
Accepted 12 January, 2019
Abstract
We describle a suspicious Meningococcal death case, confirmating by the laboratory PCR methods. The infection developed rapidly within only 24 h until the patient died. Analyzing the close contact strain and the DNA template extracted from the serum of this patient, we characterized a serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis as the pathogen of this case, which, in terms of sequence typing, belonged to ST-4821 complex which first characterized in serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis as a new unique hypervirulent meningococcal lineages.
Key words: Neisseria meningitidis, multilocus sequence typing, serogroup.
Yahui Sun and Quanli Du, Zengguo Wang*, Zhijun Chen, Tiejun Hou, Shouzhi Wu, Jinsong Li, Xiaoguang Wei
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Enhanced saccharification of steam explosion pretreated corn stover by the supplementation of thermoacidophilic β-glucosidase from a newly isolated strain, Tolypocladium cylindrosporum syzx4
Yibo Zhang1, Chengyu Lu1, Jingying Tang1, Xiaoxiao Yu1, Jiahui Lu1, Qingfan Meng1, Da Liu1, Xueqing Zheng2* and Feng Lin1*
1College of Life Science, Jilin University, Chanugchn 130012, P. R. China.
2No.1 Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China.
Accepted 12 February, 2019
Abstract
Newly isolated fungi, strain Tolypocladium cylindrosporum syzx4 from rotten corn stover, can effectively produced extracellular thermoacidophilic β-glucosidase (syzx4) using agro-industrial residues. After purification and characterization, the β-glucosidase was applied to saccharify steam explosion pretreated corn stover (SCS) with commercial celluclast from Trichoderma reesei when compared with the β-glucosidase (Novo-188) from Aspergillus niger supplementation. Based on the results of the single factor tests, further studied with the response surface methodology (RSM), amid a five level four-factor central composite design (CCD), was designed for the optimal hydrolysis parameters, such as the substrate concentration, pH, temperature and the ratio of celluclast to syzx4, in order to achieve the highest saccharification yield. The substrate concentration and the ratio of celluclast to syzx4 were identified as the limiting factor for the saccharification yield. A maximum saccharification yield of 88.4% was obtained at an optimal hydrolysis condition as follows: substrate concentration (3.05%), pH (3.73), temperature (43.4°C) and the ratio of syzx4 to celluclast [0.91 (18.2 BGU/g substrate): 1 (20 FPU/g substrate)]. The results of a confirmation experiment under the optimum conditions were in agreement with model predictions and they obtained the maximum value of 88.4% saccharification yield. The results suggested that the β-glucosidase (syzx4) from T. cylindrosporum is a good supplementation for the production of reducing sugars from cellulosic biomass.
Key words: Saccharification, steam explosion pretreated corn stover (SCS), β-glucosidase, Tolypocladium cylindrosporum syzx4, hydrolysis parameters, response surface methodology (RSM).
Xiaoxiao Yu, Jiahui Lu, Qingfan Meng, Xueqing Zheng* and Feng Lin*, Da Liu, Jingying Tang, Yibo Zhang, Chengyu Lu
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Oral Candida colonization in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances: The importance of some nutritional and salivary factors
Najla Dar-Odeh1*, Asem Shehabi2, Zaid Al-Bitar 1, Iyad Al-Omari1, Serene Badran1, Mahmoud Al-Omiri1, Moayyad Naser3, Mohammad Al-Beyari4 and Osama Abu-Hammad1
1Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
2Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
3Dental Department, University of Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
4Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between fixed orthodontic appliances and oral Candida colonization. The influence of some important nutritional and salivary factors was also investigated. These factors included: hemoglobin, vitamin B12, ferritin and folate levels, salivary flow rate, salivary pH, tobacco smoking and dietary habits. Patients enrolled in this study were adolescent patients aged 12- 18 years who attended the Orthodontics Department/University of Jordan Hospital for the provision of fixed metallic orthodontic appliances. Salivary samples were collected on the first visit prior to bonding, one month and four months later. All patients were investigated for serum vitamin B12, serum ferritin, red-cell folate, complete blood count, salivary pH, and salivary flow rate. Data were obtained from the patients regarding tobacco smoking and dietary habits. We found that Candida colonization did not increase after bonding of fixed orthodontic appliances. None of the local oral factors investigated was correlated with Candida colonization. Only two systemic factors (serum vitamin B12 and red-cell folate) were significantly (P<0.05) associated with Candida colonization during the study period. It was obvious that metallic fixed orthodontic appliances did not encourage oral Candida colonization during the four months study period. On the other hand, it seems that nutritional factors like serum vitamin B12 and red-cell folate can influence oral Candida colonization more than tobacco smoking, dietary and salivary factors.
Key words: Oral, Candida, Orthodontic appliances, nutritional deficiency, smoking.
Serene Badran, Mohammad Al-Beyari and Osama Abu-Hammad, Iyad Al-Omari, Moayyad Naser, Asem Shehabi, Mahmoud Al-Omiri, Najla Dar-Odeh*, Zaid Al-Bitar